Umhla: Julayi 27, 2026
Minyaka le, abasebenzi beetanki zamanzi amdaka kunye nezokuthuthwa kwamanzi amdaka bayafa kwizixeko zaseIndiya. Ukufa kulandela indlela efanayo kangangokuba inegama elithi: “abahlanguli baba ngamaxhoba.” Umsebenzi wehla waya emngxunyeni ukuze asuse ukuvaleka. I-hydrogen sulfide - inzima kunomoya, ayinambala, ivumba amaqanda abolileyo kuphela xa iphantsi, ize ikhubaze umthambo wokuhombisa kwiindawo eziphezulu - iqokelelene ezantsi komngxuma. Umsebenzi ulahlekelwa zingqondo kwimizuzwana embalwa. Umsebenzi wesibini wehla ukuze amkhuphe. Naye uyafa. Kulandela owesithathu. Xa le nkqubo iphela, abantu abathathu ukuya kwabahlanu bafile kwityhubhu yekhonkrithi enzulu ngeemitha ezintandathu.
Idatha ye-National Crime Records Bureau ibonisa ukuba esi ayisosiganeko singaqhelekanga. Amakhulu abantu ababhubhayo arekhodwa minyaka le koomasipala baseIndiya, kwaye inani lokwenyani likholelwa ukuba liphezulu kuba amatyala amaninzi ahlelwa “njengokuntywila ngengozi” okanye “izizathu zendalo.” INkundla ePhakamileyo yaseIndiya iye yangenelela amaxesha amaninzi, kutshanje iyalela ukucocwa kwendle ngoomatshini kunye novavanyo lwegesi ngaphambi kokungena. IKhowudi yoKhuseleko, iMpilo kunye neMiqathango yokuSebenza emsebenzini, eyaqala ukusebenza ngo-2020, ifuna ngokucacileyo abaqeshi ukuba baqinisekise indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo kwiindawo ezivalekileyo — kubandakanya nokubeka iliso rhoqo kwigesi apho kunokwenzeka khona imozulu enobungozi.
Umsantsa phakathi kommiselo kunye nenyani yisixhobo esinye: isixhobo sokubona igesi esizinzileyo nesisebenza rhoqo esinokusinda kwindawo yokulahla amanzi amdaka kwaye sithumele i-alamu ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi ehle.
1. Yintoni kanye kanye iGesi Stack
Umngxuma womsele wamanzi amdaka awuyondawo enegesi enye. Ngumxube ohlukeneyo otshintshatshintshayo ngokweenzulu, amaqondo obushushu kunye neemeko zokuhamba kwamanzi.
Ezantsi, apho abasebenzi bangena khona ukuze bavale izinto ezicacileyo, i-hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) iyaqokelelana. Iveliswa kukubola kwebhaktiriya ye-anaerobic yezinto eziphilayo kumjelo wamanzi amdaka, i-H₂S iyabulala xa ingaphezulu kwe-100 ppm. Kwi-1,000 ppm — okungaqhelekanga kumjelo wamanzi amdaka ovaliweyo ohlale iintsuku — iyabulala kwimizuzu embalwa.
Ngaphezulu komda wamanzi, i-methane (CH₄) evela kwinkqubo efanayo yokubola inyuka iye phezulu kwi-shaft. Iqhuma phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-15% yomoya ophantsi womda wokuqhuma - uxinzelelo olufikeleleka lula kwi-manhole engenamoya uneleyo. Intlantsi enye evela kwisixhobo sesinyithi somsebenzi okanye kwicuba eliwisiweyo inokuqhumisa yonke i-shaft.
Kumaleko ophakathi, i-carbon dioxide (CO₂) kunye ne-ammonia (NH₃) ziyaxubana ngokwemilinganiselo eguquguqukayo. I-CO₂ ithatha indawo yeoksijini — umngxuma one-8% CO₂ uthathe indawo yomoya ophefumlwayo. I-NH₃ iyayicaphukisa indlela yokuphefumla kwaye ibonise ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo.
Yingakho isixhobo sokubona igesi enye singesosisombululo esamkelekileyo. Umsebenzi ophethe isixhobo sokubona igesi i-H₂S kuphela unokungena emgodini onomngxuma obulalayo ngaphezulu aze angaze abone i-alamu. Ulwakhiwo lweHonde RD-NC3HO-01 oluchaziweyo lokusetyenziswa koomasipala baseIndiya lulinganisa i-H₂S, i-CH₄, i-CO₂, i-NH₃, kunye ne-O₂ ngaxeshanye — inqwaba yegesi epheleleyo yendawo yokulahla inkunkuma — enobushushu kunye nokufuma kwimeko yokusingqongileyo.
2. Imveliso: Oko Kusindayo Kwi-Sewer
I-RD-NC3HO-01 yiyunithi exhonywe eludongeni enesikrini se-LCD esidityanisiweyo esibonisa ubuninzi bexesha langempela kuzo zonke iigesi ezicwangcisiweyo. Isiphumo se-RS485 Modbus-RTU sithwala idatha kwi-datalogger yendawo okanye kwimodyuli yonxibelelwano. Igalelo lamandla lamkela i-10–24VDC, ehambelana nezixhobo zegumbi lolawulo likamasipala kunye neenkqubo zebhetri yelanga kwizikhululo zokumpompa ezizimeleyo.
Iinkcukacha ezimbini zimisela ukusinda kwindawo engcolileyo.
Ubushushu bokusebenza buqala kwi -30°C ukuya kwi +85°C. Iimingxuma zaseIndiya eDelhi okanye eMumbai azifikeleli kwi -30°C, kodwa isilingi se +85°C yeyona nani libalulekileyo. Umngxuma wemingxuma ehlotyeni, onomphunga we-anaerobic ovelisa ubushushu, ungabamba amaqondo obushushu angama-45–55°C ezantsi ngelixa umoya ongaphezulu kumphetho wemingxuma ungama-40°C. Iisensors ezinesilingi sokusebenza esilinganisiweyo se +50°C ziyashukuma okanye ziyasilela kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Umgangatho we-RD-NC3HO-01's +85°C ugubungela yonke indawo ngomda.
Uyilo lwendlu kunye nesixhumi. Le yunithi ifakwe kwi-bracket kwaye ivalwe ngokuchasene nokungena komswakama. Uqhagamshelo lwe-cable gland yeyona ndawo ibuthathaka kwiindawo ezininzi zokufakelwa - umngxuma wokungena kwamanzi yi-100% indawo yokufuma apho i-condensate ihamba khona eludongeni. Uqhagamshelo lwe-Honde oluvalwe kabini luthintela ukungena komswakama okuthintela umbane ongakhuselekanga kwi-elektroniki ngexesha elinye lemvula.
3. Uyilo lwesisombululo soKhuseleko lweMijelo yoGutyulo lweManzi kaMasipala
Ukusasazwa komasipala waseIndiya kulandela isakhiwo esinemigangatho emithathu esisuka kumphetho wemingxuma ukuya kwiziko lomyalelo kamasipala.
Inqanaba 1 — Umphetho womngxuma.
Kwindawo nganye yokungena emanzini enobungozi obukhulu — iindawo ezivaliweyo, izitishi zokumpompa i-septic-tank, iindawo zokudibana kwamanzi amdaka apho kuye kwenzeka khona ukufa — i-RD-NC3HO-01 ifakwe kwi-bracket ngaphakathi kwe-shaft, iimitha ezi-2 ngaphantsi komphetho. I-Data logger enesikrini ifakwe kumphezulu, ngaphakathi kwisakhelo se-manhole cover okanye kwindawo encinci ekhuselekayo kwimozulu, ibonisa ubuninzi begesi yangoku kumphathi weqela ngaphambi kokuba nawuphi na umsebenzi avunyelwe ukuba ehle.
Inkqubo yangaphambi kokungena ngoku iqhutywa yidatha. Umphathi ufunda amaxabiso e-H₂S, CH₄, CO₂, NH₃, kunye ne-O₂ kwisikrini se-logger. Ukuba kukho igesi edlula umda wokungena okhuselekileyo — H₂S ngaphezulu kwe-10 ppm, CH₄ ngaphezulu kwe-10% LEL, O₂ ngaphantsi kwe-19.5% — abasebenzi bayalelwa ukuba baphefumle ishaft nge-blower ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuba baphinde bavavanye. Oku kuthatha indawo yesiqhelo sangaphambili "sokuthumela umsebenzi ukuba aye kunuka ukuba ukhuselekile na," leyo yindlela eqala ngayo indlela umsindisi-oba lixhoba.
Inqanaba lesi-2 — Ukudluliselwa.
Indawo nganye yokubeka esweni iqhagamshela ngeemodyuli ezingenazingcingo ze-GPRS, 4G, WIFI, LoRa, okanye LoRaWAN, kuxhomekeke kwiziseko zophuhliso zikamasipala. Iindawo ezixineneyo zasezidolophini ezine-4G ethembekileyo zisebenzisa iimodyuli zeselfowuni. Izikhululo zokumpompa ezizimeleyo ezikwimida yedolophu zisebenzisa i-LoRaWAN ukudlulisa idatha kwisango elikwiofisi yesithili ekufutshane. Yonke idatha ipakishwe kwifomathi ye-MQTT Json, idluliselwa ngqo kwiqonga lokhuseleko lwemijelo yamanzi amdaka kamasipala.
Inqanaba lesi-3 — Ilifu kunye ne-alamu.
I-Cloud server kunye nesoftware zidibanisa idatha yegesi evela kuyo yonke imingxuma ejongiweyo kunye nesitishi sokumpompa kwideshibhodi enye, ebonisa idatha yexesha langempela kunye nedatha yembali. Inkqubo yokudlulisa i-Alarm yindlela ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko. Xa i-H₂S idlula i-10 ppm okanye i-O₂ iwela ngaphantsi kwe-19.5% kuyo nayiphi na indawo ejongiweyo, i-relay ibangela i-alamu ngoko nangoko - i-siren ebonakalayo kwindawo, isilumkiso se-SMS kumphathi wezoni, kunye nokungena kwelogi kwinkqubo kamasipala. Ukuba igesi ihlala ingaphezulu komda emva kwemizuzu eli-15, i-alamu ifikelela kwisixhobo esiphathwayo senjineli kamasipala.
Ingcali yasentsimini isebenzisa iHandmeter ngexesha lovavanyo lwekota ukuqinisekisa inzwa efakiweyo ngokuchasene nereferensi ephathwayo elinganisiweyo ngaphambi kwexesha ngalinye lemvula - xa ukuveliswa kwegesi yendle kufikelela kwincopho ngokudibanisa ubushushu kunye nomthwalo owandisiweyo wezinto eziphilayo.
4. Iziphumo zasentsimini: Uvavanyo loKhuseleko lweMigodi yoGutyulo lwaManzi kaMasipala, eDelhi, ngoJuni 2026
Ukuqaliswa kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuhlola igesi ezininzi eziyi-120 ze-RD-NC3HO-01 ngoJuni ka-2026 kwiindawo ezintathu zokukhupha amanzi ezinobungozi obukhulu eDelhi - izithili zamanzi amdaka zaseShahdara, eNajafgarh, nase-Okhla, ezibhalisa inani eliphezulu labantu ababhubha kwimingxunya yamanzi.
Izixhobo: Iiyunithi ezili-120 ezilungiselelwe ngee-H₂S, CH₄, CO₂, NH₃, O₂, iinzwa zobushushu kunye nokufuma.
Ukufakelwa: Iishafti zemingxuma ezifakwe ngaphakathi zinobunzulu obuziimitha ezi-2, kunye nee-data loggers zomphezulu ezinesikrini.
Uthumelo: Iindawo ezingama-78 kwi-4G, ezingama-42 kwi-LoRaWAN. Zonke ii-MQTT Json zifumaneka kwiqonga lokhuseleko lwemijelo yamanzi amdaka kamasipala.
I-alamu: I-relay ye-Dual-threshold (isilumkiso se-10 ppm H₂S / 19.5% O₂; i-alarm yengozi ye-25 ppm H₂S / 15% LEL CH₄).
Iziphumo zokusebenza emva kweentsuku ezingama-45:
- Inethiwekhi irekhode iziganeko ezingama-217 ze-alamu kuzo zonke izithili ezintathu — uninzi lwazo luqhube uhambo lwe-H₂S olungaphezulu kwe-10 ppm ngexesha lokucoca emva kwemvula. Kwezi, ezingama-43 zidlule umda weengozi ezingama-25 ppm.
- Kwiimeko ezisi-8 ezibhaliweyo, i-alamu yasebenza ngaphambi kokuba iqela lokucoca lifike kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma. Umphathi weqela, elandela le nkqubo intsha, wala ukungena waza wafaka umoya kwi-shaft imizuzu engama-45. Uvavanyo olutsha lubonise ukuba i-H₂S yehle ngaphantsi kwe-5 ppm. Phantsi kwenkqubo yangaphambili, abo basebenzi ba-8 babeza kuhla baye kwiindawo ezinobungozi.
- Inkqubo yokuqinisekisa i-handmeter ifumanise izinzwa ezi-3 ezine-calibration drift edlula i-±15% ngexesha lomjikelo wekota ngaphambi kwemvula. Zonke ezi-3 zatshintshwa ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ixesha lonyaka elinobungozi obukhulu.
- Akukho kufa kwabasebenzi kubhalwe phantsi kwiindawo ezijongiweyo ngexesha lovavanyo — ixesha lokuqala elingenakufa leentsuku ezingama-45 kwimbali yakutshanje yezo zithili.
- Ngokusekelwe kolu vavanyo, inkampani kamasipala ivumile ukwandiswa ukuya kwiindawo ezongezelelweyo zokubeka iliso ezingama-400 kuzo zonke izithili ezisele zemijelo yamanzi amdaka eDelhi, kwaye ukuthengwa kucwangciselwe ikota yesi-4 yowama-2026.
5. Imephu yeMfuno eBanzi: Apho Ukufunyanwa kweGesi ezininzi Kukhula khona
Ingxaki yokhuseleko lwenkunkuma yamanzi amdaka eIndiya yeyona meko ingxamisekileyo, kodwa ayisiyo yodwa into ebangela ukuba kufunyanwe igesi eninzi.
IMpuma Ephakathi — izibonelelo zeoyile negesi. ESaudi Arabia nase-UAE, abaqhubi beefektri zokucoca bajongene nengxaki efanayo yendawo evalekileyo ngendlela eyahlukileyo: i-H₂S ekucutshungulweni kweoyile ekrwada, i-CH₄ kwiindawo zokugcina, kunye ne-CO₂ kwimisebenzi yokugaya iipayipi. Umqhubi olawulayo yimigangatho yokhuseleko lwangaphakathi ye-ADNOC kunye ne-Aramco, eyalela ukuba kubekwe iliso rhoqo kwiendawo ezivalekileyo. Ezi zibonelelo zisebenzisa izixhobo ezifanayo ze-RD-NC3HO-01 - ezenzelwe i-stack yegesi yokucoca - kunye neziphumo ze-4-20mA ezifakwe ngqo kwi-PLC yokhuseleko ekhoyo yesityalo.
UMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia — unyango lwamanzi amdaka. Iziseko zophuhliso lokucoca amanzi amdaka eVietnam ezikhula ngokukhawuleza, ezakhiwe phantsi kwenkqubo yazo yesizwe yokuthobela indalo, zifuna ukujongwa kwegesi kwizikhululo zokumpompa nakwiindawo zokungenisa amanzi apho i-H₂S kunye ne-CH₄ ziqokelelana khona. Iprofayili yemfuno ifana neyeIndiya kodwa ngomlinganiselo omncinci ngofakelo ngalunye - ngesiqhelo izinzwa ezili-10–30 kwisityalo ngasinye sonyango endaweni ye-120 kwisithili ngasinye sedolophu.
UMzantsi Afrika — imigodi kunye nomasipala. Ukudityaniswa kwemigodi enzulu (apho i-CH₄ kunye ne-CO zezona zinto ziyingozi kakhulu) kunye neziseko zophuhliso lwemibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi amdaka kamasipala ezidalayo kubeka uMzantsi Afrika phakathi kweemarike ezilishumi eziphezulu zokubhaqa igesi ezizinzileyo kwihlabathi liphela.
6. Qhagamshelana neTekhnoloji yeHonde yeZisombululo zoKhuseleko lweGesi
I-Honde Technology ngumvelisi oqinisekisiweyo we-TUV kunye ne-Alibaba yaseJamani. Sibonelela ngezixhobo zokufumanisa igesi ezininzi ezizinzileyo, i-logic yokhuseleko oluvaliweyo, kunye noyilo lwe-alamu engenazingcingo olufunekayo ukukhusela abasebenzi kwiindawo ezinobungozi kakhulu kwihlabathi.
Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya nge-sensor kunye nezisombululo ze-IoT ezenzelwe wena, nceda unxibelelane neHonde Technology Co., LTD.
- I-WhatsApp: +86-15210548582
- I-imeyile: info@hondetech.com
- Iwebhusayithi yeNkampani: www.hondetechco.com
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-05-2026