Isithuba Sedatha Esingaphantsi Kweminyaka: Indlela Iisensors Zenqanaba Elingaphantsi Kwe-GPRS Ezizilawula Ngayo Ukubeka Iliso Kumanzi Angaphantsi Komhlaba Kwixesha le-SGMA laseCalifornia

UMthetho woLawulo lwaManzi aPhantsi oluZinzileyo waseCalifornia (SGMA) utshintshe indlela ii-arhente zamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba ezicinga ngayo ngokubeka esweni.

Injongo ayikokwazi nje ukuba amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba anzulu kangakanani namhlanje.

Umbuzo omkhulu ngulo:

Amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba atshintsha njani phakathi kokulinganiswa—kwaye ngaba olo tshintsho lungafunyanwa kwangethuba ukuze kuxhaswe ulawulo oluzinzileyo?

ISebe leMithombo yamanzi laseCalifornia (DWR) lichongaIibheseni ezingama-94 zamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba aphakathi naphambili kunye neebheseni ezincincikuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ze-SGMA, kuqukaIzitya ezingama-21 ezigcwele kakhulu amanziEzi ndawo zimele isabelo esikhulu senkqubo yokukhupha amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, abemi kunye nolimo olunkcenkceshelwayo.

I-SGMA ifuna ii-arhente zolondolozo lwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba (ii-GSA) zasekuhlaleni ukuba ziphuhlise kwaye ziphumeze izicwangciso zolondolozo lwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, ngenjongo iyonke yokufezekisa uzinzo lwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kwisithuba seminyaka engama-20.

Oko kudala isidingo esikhulayo sento exabisekileyo kunokulinganiswa kwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba ngamanye amaxesha:

Kulapho keIzinzwa ze-GPRS/4G ezingaphantsi komhlabainokuguqula umthombo wokubeka esweni wendabuko ube sisikhululo sokubeka esweni amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba se-IoT ezenzekelayo.

Ukulinganiswa kwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba ngokwesiko kudla ngokuxhomekeka kakhulu kwiingcali zasemasimini ezityelela imithombo yokubeka esweni kwaye zirekhode ngesandla ubunzulu ukuya emanzini.

Indlela yokusebenza ilula:

Ingxaki ayikokuba umlinganiselo awuchanekanga.

Ingxaki yilekwenzeka ntoni phakathi kokulinganisa.

Cinga ngokuhlolwa okulinganiswe kabini ngonyaka:

Inqanaba lamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba │ │ ● │ │ │ ● │ └───────────────────────────────── Ixesha Iinyanga ezi-6

Amanqaku amabini angabonisa apho amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba ayekhona.

Azibonisi ngokuyimfuneko:

• xa kwaqala ukuhla;
• ukuba ukwehla kwenzeke ngokukhawuleza kangakanani;
• xa uxinzelelo lokupompa lusanda;
• ingaba imithombo ekufutshane iqalile ukuphazamisana na;
• xa kwanqunyulwa umda obalulekileyo;
• ixesha elingakanani elithatyathwe yi-aquifer ukuze ibuyele kwimeko yayo yangaphambili.

Inkqubo yokubeka esweni eqhubekayo itshintsha idatha ukusukaimifanekiso emfutshane yendlela ethile.

Umahluko awukokuzenzekela nje kuphela. Kudala uhlobo olwahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo lwedatha yamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba.

Isixhobo sokubona umgangatho ongaphantsi komhlaba sikaHonde senzelwe ukuguqula umthombo wokujonga oqhelekileyo ube yindawo yokujonga amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba ngokuzenzekelayo.

A Inzwa yoxinzelelo lwentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-316Lifakwe ngaphantsi komlinganiselo wamanzi olindelekileyo wexesha lonyaka.

Isenzi silinganisa uxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic size siluguqule lube lulwazi lwamanzi.

Ngokuxhomekeke kuqwalaselo, inkqubo ingabonelela:

Oku kuyenza ifaneleke kwi:

Ukuze kujongwe amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba ixesha elide, i-sensor inokuhlala ingaphantsi kwamanzi kangangeenyanga okanye iminyaka.

Indlu yentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-316L inika indawo eqinileyo yoomatshini yokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwiindawo ezifuna ukubekwa esweni.

Isikhululo sokujonga amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba esinokukhula sinokwahlulwa sibe ziingqimba ezintathu.

I-sensor yoxinzelelo engaphantsi komhlaba ifakwe kubunzulu obungaguqukiyo ngaphakathi kwequla lokujonga.

Ihlala ilinganisa uxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic kwaye ibala inqanaba lamanzi elihambelanayo.

A i-data logger enesikriniingabonisa:

• Inqanaba lamanzi langoku
• Imbali yendlela
• Imeko yebhetri
• Imeko yonxibelelwano
• Imeko yenzwa

Ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwentsimi okucwangcisiweyo, iingcali zingasebenzisaIteyiphu yokulinganisa amanzi ngesandla / ye-elektronikiukwenza uqinisekiso lwereferensi.

I-sensor okanye i-data logger inokudlulisa idatha yamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba ngeendlela ezininzi zonxibelelwano.

Olu kuguquguquka luvumela iqonga elifanayo lesensor ukuba lilungelelaniswe neenethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo zamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba.

Nje ukuba idatha ifikelele kwiqonga lefu, abaqhubi banokujonga inethiwekhi yonke yamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba ukusuka kwindawo enye.

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ UKUJONGA AMANZI OMHLABA │ ├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │ Kulungile 01 18.42 m OKUQHELEKILEYO │ │ Kulungile 02 22.16 m OKUQHELEKILEYO │ │ Kulungile 03 31.85 m ↓ ISILUMKISO │ │ Kulungile 04 15.73 m OKUQHELEKILEYO │ │ Kulungile 05 27.42 m ↓ UKUTHOTHA OKUKHAWULEZILEYO │ └──────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Iqonga lingadibanisa:

Oku kutshintsha ukujonga amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba ukusuka kwingqokelela yemithombo nganye ukuya kwi-inethiwekhi yamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba eqhagamshelweyo.

Umgangatho wamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba wodwa uxela inxalenye nje yebali.

Ukulawula imbalela,izinga lotshintshoinokubaluleka ngokulinganayo.

Umzekelo:

Inqanaba Lamanzi │ │ ● │ \ │ \ │ \ │ ● │ \ │ ● │ ● ← Ukuhla Okukhawulezileyo │ └─────────────────────────────────── Ixesha

Iqonga lelifu linokubala:

kwaye kuqalise i-alamu xa ukwehla kudlula umda omiselweyo.

Oku kudala imodeli yolawulo ekhawulezayo:

ngaphandle kwe:

Le yenye yemiyalezo enamandla kakhulu yokuguqula imveliso kweli nqaku.

Umthombo omnye wokujonga unokuba ngumthombo wedatha yamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeentsuku, endaweni yokuba ube ngumfanekiso obonwa kabini ngonyaka.

Isakhelo se-DWR se-SGMA sigxininisa ucwangciso, ukubeka esweni, ukunika ingxelo kunye novavanyo lokuzinza kwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba. I-DWR ibonelela ngeeseti zedatha kunye nezixhobo zamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba ngokukodwa ukuxhasa izigqibo zolawulo oluzinzileyo lwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba.

Kwi-GSAs kunye nabacebisi babo bezobugcisa, ukubeka esweni okuqhubekayo kunokubonelela ngobungqina obongezelelekileyo bokuqonda:

Ingcamango yetshathi elandelayo ibonisa umahluko phakathi kokulinganisa okwenziwa rhoqo kunye nokubeka esweni okuqhubekayo.

Inkqubo eyenziwa ngesandla:uyazi inqanaba lamanzi ngemizuzu emibini.

Inkqubo ezenzekelayo:ubona yonke indlela.

Isensor ngokwayo yinxalenye yokuqala kuphela.

Kwiprojekthi yobuchwephesha yokujonga amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, iHonde inokudibanisa izinto ezininzi zibe sisisombululo esinye.

UKUJONGA KAKUHLE │ ▼ ┌──────────────────────┐ │ Inqanaba elingaphantsi komhlaba │ │ Inzwa │ └─────────┬───────┘ │ ▼ ┌──────────────────┐ │ I-Data Logger + LCD │ └─────────┬────────┘ │ ┌───────┴────┐ ▼ ▼ 4G/GPRS LoRaWAN │ │ └──────┬────┘ ▼ Iqonga leLifu │ ┌────────┼───────┐ ▼ ▼ ▼ I-alamu yembali yedeshibhodi

Kwii-arhente zamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba ezilawula amashumi okanye amakhulu emithombo yokubeka iliso, ukusebenza kakuhle kwabasebenzi kuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeshishini.

Endaweni yokuthumela iingcali kuyo yonke imithombo ukuze zilinganise yonke into:

Iqela lasentsimini linokugxila kwimithombo efuna ingqalelo ngokwenene.

Ukwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo akukususi ukuqinisekiswa kwentsimi. Kwenza ukuqinisekiswa kwentsimi kube krelekrele.

Iimithombo ezininzi zokubeka esweni zikude neeofisi, iziseko zophuhliso lombane kunye nonxibelelwano oluthembekileyo.

Yingakho le nkqubo inokumiselwa nge:

Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezinkulu zezolimo kunye neendawo eziphantsi komhlaba apho iindawo zokubeka esweni zinokusasazwa khona ngokubanzi.

Eli thuba lidlulela ngaphaya kweCalifornia.

Imfuneko eqhelekileyo iya icaca ngakumbi:

Umlinganiselo othembekileyo wokuntywila emanzini + i-telemetry ekude + ulawulo lwedatha oluphakathi.

Kubasasazi, iinkampani zobunjineli bendalo kunye nabadibanisi beenkqubo, ukuthengisa kuphela isivamvo soxinzelelo kudala ixabiso elilinganiselweyo leprojekthi.

Isiphakamiso esinamandla nasi:

Oku kuvumela indawo enye yokubeka esweni ukuba ibe yindawo epheleleyo ye-IoT.

Kwaye inethiwekhi yemithombo engama-50, 100 okanye 500 iba yindawo yokujonga amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba enokwandiswa.

Ikamva lolawulo lwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba alikho nje malunga nokuqokelela ezinye iindlela zokulinganisa.

Imalunga nokuqokelelaidatha engcono ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Isixhobo sokujonga esiqhelekileyo sinika ulwazi oluchanekileyo.

Umthombo wokubeka esweni ozenzekelayo unokubonelela:

Xa zizonke, ezi zakhono ziguqula indawo yokubeka esweni ngaphandle kokwenza nto ibe yindawo yokulawula amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba esebenzayo.

Isakhelo se-SGMA saseCalifornia senze ukuba ukujongwa kwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kube yeyona nto iphambili kulawulo lwexesha elide, ingakumbi kwiindawo eziphakathi neziphambili kunye neendawo ezigcwele amanzi amaninzi. Ukubekwa phambili kwe-DWR ngoku kuchongaIzitya/iibhasins ezingama-94 eziphakathi neziphambili, kuquka nezitya ezingama-21 ezigcwele kakhulu amanzi.

Kwezi nethiwekhi, inyathelo elilandelayo akunyanzelekanga ukuba libe kukulinganisa ngesandla.

Yiidatha eqhubekayo, edibeneyo nelandelekayo yamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba.

I-sensor yenqanaba elingaphantsi komhlaba yeHonde inokubonelela ngesiseko:

I-Honde Technology ibonelela ngezisombululo zokujonga amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba ezinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ezidibanisa:

Kwiinkqubo zozinzo lwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, ulawulo lwamanzi ezolimo, ukujonga amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kunye neeprojekthi ezinkulu zokujonga okusingqongileyo, iHonde Technology inokwenza ngokwezifiso uluhlu lwenzwa, indlela yonxibelelwano, ubunzulu bofakelo kunye noyilo lwamafu ngokweemfuno zeprojekthi.