I-Anemometer ye-Ultrasonic

Izitishi zemozulu yiprojekthi edumileyo yokulinga ngee-sensor ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo, kwaye i-cup anemometer elula kunye ne-weather vane zihlala zikhethwa ukumisela isantya somoya kunye necala oya kulo. KwiQingStation kaJianjia Ma, wagqiba ekubeni akhe uhlobo olwahlukileyo lwe-wind sensor: i-ultrasonic anemometer.
Ii-anemometer ze-ultrasonic azinazo iindawo ezihambayo, kodwa utshintshiselwano lulonyuko olukhulu kubunzima be-elektroniki. Zisebenza ngokulinganisa ixesha elithathwayo ukuze i-pulse yesandi se-ultrasonic ibonakale kwi-receiver kumgama owaziwayo. Icala lomoya lingabalwa ngokuthatha ukufundwa kwesantya kwiipere ezimbini zee-sensors ze-ultrasonic zithe nkqo omnye komnye kwaye kusetyenziswa i-trigonometry elula. Ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwe-anemometer ye-ultrasonic kufuna uyilo olucokisekileyo lwe-analog amplifier kwisiphelo sokwamkela kunye nokucubungula isignali ebanzi ukuze kukhutshwe isignali echanekileyo kwi-echoes yesibini, ukusasazeka kweendlela ezininzi, kunye nayo yonke ingxolo ebangelwe yindalo esingqongileyo. Uyilo kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo zibhalwe kakuhle. Ekubeni u-[Jianjia] wayengenakukwazi ukusebenzisa i-wind tunnel ukuvavanya nokulinganisa, wafaka i-anemometer okwethutyana eluphahleni lwemoto yakhe waza wahamba. Ixabiso elivelayo lilingana nesantya se-GPS semoto, kodwa liphezulu kancinci. Oku kusenokuba ngenxa yeempazamo zokubala okanye izinto zangaphandle ezifana nokuphazamiseka komoya okanye ukuhamba komoya kwisithuthi sovavanyo okanye ezinye iitrafikhi zendlela.
Ezinye izinzwa ziquka izinzwa zemvula ezibonakalayo, izinzwa zezibane, izinzwa zezibane kunye ne-BME280 yokulinganisa uxinzelelo lomoya, ukufuma kunye nobushushu. UJianjia uceba ukusebenzisa iQingStation kwisikhephe esizimeleyo, ngoko ke wongeze i-IMU, ikhampasi, iGPS, kunye nemakrofoni yesandi esingqongileyo.
Ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili kwiisensa, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, kunye netekhnoloji yokulinganisa imozulu, ukwakha isikhululo semozulu somntu siqu kulula kunangaphambili. Ukufumaneka kweemodyuli zenethiwekhi ezingabizi kakhulu kusenza sikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezi zixhobo ze-IoT zinokudlulisela ulwazi lwazo kwiidathabheyisi zikawonke-wonke, zibonelela uluntu lwasekuhlaleni ngedatha efanelekileyo yemozulu kwindawo olukuyo.
UManolis Nikiforakis uzama ukwakha iWeather Pyramid, isixhobo sokulinganisa imozulu esizimeleyo, esingenalo ulondolozo, esizimeleyo samandla kunye nonxibelelwano esenzelwe ukusasazwa okukhulu. Ngokwesiqhelo, izitishi zemozulu zixhotyiswe ngee-sensors ezilinganisa ubushushu, uxinzelelo, ukufuma, isantya somoya kunye nemvula. Nangona uninzi lwezi parameters lunokulinganiswa kusetyenziswa ii-sensors ze-solid-state, ukumisela isantya somoya, icala, kunye nemvula kudla ngokufuna uhlobo oluthile lwesixhobo se-electromechanical.
Uyilo lwezi sensors luyinkimbinkimbi kwaye lunzima. Xa ucwangcisa ukufakelwa okukhulu, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba zisebenza kakuhle, kulula ukuzifaka, kwaye azidingi ukulungiswa rhoqo. Ukususa zonke ezi ngxaki kunokukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwezikhululo zemozulu ezithembekileyo nezingabizi kakhulu, ezinokufakelwa ngobuninzi kwiindawo ezikude.
UManolis uneengcinga ezithile malunga nendlela yokusombulula ezi ngxaki. Uceba ukubamba isantya somoya kunye necala elivela kwi-accelerometer, i-gyroscope kunye nekhampasi kwiyunithi ye-inertial sensor (IMU) (mhlawumbi i-MPU-9150). Isicwangciso kukulandelela intshukumo ye-sensor ye-IMU njengoko ijikeleza ngokukhululekileyo kwintambo, njenge-pendulum. Uzenzele izibalo ezithile kwi-napkin kwaye ubonakala eqinisekile ukuba ziya kunika iziphumo azidingayo xa evavanya iprototype. Ukuqonda imvula kuya kwenziwa kusetyenziswa ii-capacitive sensors kusetyenziswa i-sensor ezinikeleyo efana ne-MPR121 okanye umsebenzi we-touch eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kwi-ESP32. Uyilo kunye nendawo yeendlela ze-electrode zibaluleke kakhulu ekulinganisweni ngokuchanekileyo kwemvula ngokufumanisa amaconsi emvula. Ubungakanani, imilo kunye nokusasazwa kobunzima bendlu apho i-sensor ifakwe khona nako kubalulekile njengoko kuchaphazela uluhlu, isisombululo kunye nokuchaneka kwesixhobo. UManolis usebenza kwiingcamango ezininzi zoyilo aceba ukuzizama ngaphambi kokuba agqibe ukuba isikhululo semozulu siphela siya kuba ngaphakathi kwendlu ejikelezayo okanye ii-sensors ezingaphakathi kuphela.
Ngenxa yokuba wayenomdla kwi-meteorology, u-[Karl] wakha isikhululo semozulu. Esona sitsha kwezi yi-ultrasonic wind sensor, esebenzisa ixesha lokubhabha kwee-ultrasound pulses ukumisela isantya somoya.
Isenzi sikaCarla sisebenzisa ii-transducers ezine ze-ultrasonic, ezijonge emantla, emazantsi, empuma nasentshona, ukuze zibone isantya somoya. Ngokulinganisa ixesha elithathwa yi-ultrasonic pulse ukuhamba phakathi kwezisenzi kwigumbi kunye nokuthabatha imilinganiselo yentsimi, sifumana ixesha lokubhabha kwi-axis nganye kwaye ngoko ke isantya somoya.
Olu luphawu olumangalisayo lwezisombululo zobunjineli, oluhamba nengxelo yoyilo eneenkcukacha ezintle kakhulu.