Isixhobo semozulu esisekelwe kumgaqo weminyaka eli-135 ubudala singena emehlweni oluntu ngokungalindelekanga. I-tipping bucket rain gauge—eyayikhe yafunyanwa kuphela kwizikhululo zemozulu zobungcali—ngoku idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimingeni yeTikTok, iinkqubo zokulumkisa ngezikhukula zesantya, kunye nolimo olukrelekrele ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana nee-automatic rain gauges kunye nee-digital rain gauges.
Isahluko 1: Isayensi Engasemva Kwendlela yeTikTok
I-#RainBucketChallenge isasazeka kumaqonga evidiyo amafutshane ehlabathi. Imithetho ilula: linganisa imvula yeeyure ezingama-24 ngesixhobo sokulinganisa imvula esenziwe ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye uyidibanise nevidiyo yobuchule.
Bambalwa abaqondayo ukuba olu celomngeni lubonakala luyonwabisa luphucula isayensi yemozulu yabemi. Ividiyo ka-@WeatherJoe, umthandi wemozulu waseBritane, ibonisa uthelekiso olumangalisayo: i-rain gauge eyenziwe ekhaya yahluke nge-3.2% kuphela kwisixhobo sobuchwephesha esixabisa ngaphezulu kwe-10 lamawaka eeyuan phantsi kweemeko zemvula ephakathi.
“Isitshixo sikwindlela echanekileyo yokulinganisa ibhakethi yokuphosa,” ucacisa uprofesa wobunjineli kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge kwividiyo. “Iigeyiji zemvula zedijithali zanamhlanje zisaxhomekeke kule migaqo iphambili—i-0.2mm nganye yemvula ibangela incam—uyilo oluneminyaka elikhulu olungenakutshintshwa.”
Iimbalasane ezivela kwiZimvo eziTrendiweyo:
- "Idatha yam ye-DIY ye-50-yuan ngokuzenzekelayo ye-rain gauge iyafana ne-app ye-meteorological bureau!"
- "Ukucofa" kwebhakethi yokuphosa yeyona ngxolo imhlophe ilungileyo"
Isahluko 2: Imizuzu eli-17 Ngaphambi Komkhukula Obulalayo
NgoJulayi 2023, eYa'an, eSichuan, inethiwekhi ye-IoT yeegeyiji zemvula zobungcali yakhupha isilumkiso sezikhukula ngemizuzu eli-17 kwangaphambili.
Umlawuli we-ofisi yolawulo lweemeko ezingxamisekileyo yasekuhlaleni utyhile kwingqungquthela yabezindaba wathi: “Iigridi zezikhululo zemozulu zemveli ziqelelene malunga ne-10km. Ukusasazwa kwethu kweegeyiji zemvula zedijithali ezingama-200 kudale igridi eyi-1km. Yayilulo nyuko loxinano lwe-9km olubambe idatha ebalulekileyo yemvula enkulu yasekuhlaleni.”
Idatha yenkqubo ibonisile: kummandla we-暴雨中心, i-tipping bucket rain gauge irekhode i-86mm yemvula ngeyure, ngelixa isikhululo esiqhelekileyo esikumgama we-5km sibonise i-34mm kuphela. "Yayingulo mahluko we-52mm owasishukumisela ukuba sithathe isigqibo sokufuduka."
Inkqubo yokulinganisa imvula yobungcali esetyenzisiweyo kweli tyala ibe ngumzekelo oqhelekileyo wokufundisa kubunjineli bemozulu kwiLinkedIn, kunye nezisombululo zobugcisa ezinxulumene noko ezamkelwe ngamazwe afana nePakistan nePhilippines.
Isahluko 3: Indlela Uyilo LwaseTshayina Oluyiguqula Ngayo Indlela Yokubeka Iliso Kwimvula Yehlabathi
Kwifektri yaseZhejiang, iigeyiji zemvula ezizenzekelayo ziphuma kumgca wemveliso kwiiyunithi ezingama-30 ngomzuzu. Ezi zixhobo zilingana nesundu zidibanisa ubuchwepheshe begeyiji yemvula yedijithali kunye neempawu ezinamandla:
- Inkqubo yebhakethi enokugoba kabini engaxinaniyo (yothuli, amagqabi)
- Ukuzisebenzisa ngokwako amandla elanga (ubomi bebhetri yeminyaka emi-2)
- Indawo yokubeka iimowudi ezimbini zeBeiDou/GPS
- Ii-algorithms zokuhlawula ubushushu
Umlawuli wentengiso waphesheya kwenkampani utyhile oku: “Sithumele ii-rain gauge ezingama-80,000 zobungcali kunyaka ophelileyo, ikakhulu kumazwe aseBelt and Road. Kwezinye iindawo zaseAfrika, ubuninzi bezixhobo zethu ngoku budlula obo baseYurophu.”
Le ndlela intsha ikwindlela yokulinganisa ekrelekrele: ukusebenzisa ukufunda koomatshini ukubona ukuguguleka kwebhakethi kunye nokulungisa iimpazamo ngokuzenzekelayo, kwandisa ubomi bentsimi yeegeyiji zemvula ezizenzekelayo ukusuka kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-5.
Isahluko 4: “Umcwangcisi-mali wemvula” kwezolimo
Kwindawo yewayini yaseNingxia, isidiliya ngasinye esiziihektare ezi-3 sixhotyiswe nge-IoT digital rain gauge. Le nkqubo ayigcini nje ngokurekhoda imvula kodwa ikwanxibelelana nee-sensors zomhlaba ukuze kunkcenkceshelwe ngokuchanekileyo.
“Besisoloko sixhomekeke kumava; ngoku sixhomekeke kwidatha,” utshilo umphathi wezobugcisa wevenkile yewayini. “Idatha ye-tipping bucket rain gauge ibonise ukwehla kwemvula nge-12% ngexesha leentyatyambo zalo nyaka xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo. Silungise ukunkcenkceshela ngokufanelekileyo, silindele ukonga amanzi nge-30%.
Kuvela isicelo esinobuchule ngakumbi kwi-inshorensi: Abalimi beeapile baseShandong basebenzisa idatha yobungcali yokulinganisa imvula njengesiseko sezicelo zembuyekezo yentlekele. Ngexesha lesichotho sika-2022, idatha yobunzima bemvula ngomzuzu ngamnye iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kokucubungula amabango ngama-70%.
Isahluko 5: “Iziphelo Zemithambo-luvo” Zolawulo Lwezikhukula Ezidolophini
KwiSithili saseHuangpu eGuangzhou, iigeyiji zemvula ezizenzekelayo ezingama-200 ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokuqhuma zisebenza ngaphakathi kwemibhobho yokukhupha amanzi engaphantsi komhlaba, zijonga ukungena kwamanzi ngexesha langempela.
“Iigeyiji zemvula zemveli ezisecaleni kwendlela azikwazi ukubonisa imeko yokwenyani yemibhobho,” ucacisa unjineli kamasipala. “Iigeyiji zethu zemvula zedijithali zifumanise ukungena okungaqhelekanga kumbhobho omnye nangona imvula incinci—uphando lubonise ukuvaleka kolwakhiwo, nto leyo ethintela izikhukula ezinokubakho.”
Le nkqubo yokulinganisa imvula yobungcali ilumkise ngempumelelo ngeziganeko ezintathu zezikhukula zasekuhlaleni, kwaye amaphepha anxulumene nayo akhethwe njengezona meko zibalaseleyo zonyaka yi-International Association for Urban Hydrology.
Isahluko 6: Ukusuka kwiZixhobo zobuNgcali ukuya kwiimpahla zabathengi
Okumangalisayo kukuba, ii-tipping bucket rain gauge ziyatshintsha ukusuka kwizixhobo zobungcali zemozulu ukuya kwiimveliso zabathengi. I-smart home automatic rain gauge yolunye uphawu lwetekhnoloji iqhagamshela ngqo kwi-app yefowuni nge-Wi-Fi, exabisa i-299 yuan kuphela, kunye nentengiso yenyanga yokuqala edlula iiyunithi ezili-10,000.
“Siye sayenza lula itekhnoloji ephambili yeegeyiji zemvula zobungcali,” ucacise watsho umphathi wemveliso. “Sigcine ukuchaneka kweegeyiji zemvula zedijithali kodwa senza ukusebenza kwaba lula njengeplagi ehlakaniphileyo.”
KwiPinterest, izifundo ze-“tipping bucket rain gauge DIY” ziqokelele ngaphezulu kwama-500,000 okusindisa, zivelisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana neekiti zesayensi zabantwana kunye neethoyi zokunciphisa uxinzelelo kwidesktop. Kwikiti yesayensi yolunye uphawu lwemfundo, i-miniature automatic rain gauge yeyona nto idumileyo.
Isahluko 7: Umda Omtsha Wokufumana Ingqokelela Yedatha
Ngokuphuhliswa kweemarike zorhwebo ngekhabhoni, idatha echanekileyo yemvula iya isiba yinto enqabileyo. Enye inkampani yetekhnoloji yokusingqongileyo iqalise iprojekthi "yedatha yemvula ekwi-chain", igcina idatha evela kumawaka eegeyiji zemvula zobungcali kwi-blockchain.
“Kwimimandla efana nembuyekezo yendalo kunye nocwangciso lwamandla emvula, idatha yemvula engaguqukiyo enikezelwa zii-digital rain gauges ixabiseke kakhulu,” utshilo umqhubi weprojekthi. “Sifumene nemibuzo evela kwii-hedge funds—bafuna idatha eneenkcukacha zemvula ukuze baqikelele ikamva lezolimo.”
Okuphawulekayo kukuba, emva kokulungiswa komgangatho, idatha evela kwiigeyiji zemvula ezizenzekelayo zabantu abaqhelekileyo iye yamkelwa ngamanye amasebe emozulu yengingqi njengokongeza kwiinethiwekhi zokubeka esweni ezisemthethweni. “Olu luphumelelo olubalulekileyo kwisayensi yabemi,” yatsho ingcali yedatha yemozulu. “Iigeyiji zemvula zebhakethi ezincamathelayo zenza kube nzima ukubona umahluko phakathi kweengcali kunye nabantu abangengabo abanamava.”
Ishumi Elizayo LeTekhnoloji Yokujonga Imvula
Q: Amanqanaba ahlukeneyo eegeyiji zemvula anikwa njani iindima?
Injineli ephezulu yoLawulo lweMeteorological yaseTshayina: “Iigeyiji zemvula zobungcali zenzelwe uthungelwano lokujonga ilizwe, ezifuna impazamo engaphantsi kwe-3%; iigeyiji zemvula zedijithali ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ezininzi zoshishino; iigeyiji zemvula ezizenzekelayo zasekhaya zikhuthaza ukuthatha inxaxheba koluntu. Ezi zintathu ziyahambelana.”
Q: Ubuchule bobuchwepheshe bugxile phi?
Unjingalwazi we-hydrology kwiYunivesithi yaseTsinghua: “Iigeyiji zemvula zesizukulwana esilandelayo ezisebenzisa i-tipping bucket ziza kudibanisa ubuchwepheshe obuninzi: ukufudumala okulwa nokuqandisa, i-AI error compensation, i-edge computing. I-rain gauge ekrelekrele esiyenzayo inokuchonga ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ihlele imvula, ikhephu, kunye nesichotho.”
Q: Abantu abaqhelekileyo bafanele bakhethe njani?
Ibhlogi yesayensi yemozulu: “Khetha iigeyiji zemvula ezizenzekelayo ezisisiseko kwiigadi zasekhaya; iigeyiji zemvula zedijithali ezinedatha yokuthumela ngaphandle kwezolimo; iigeyiji zemvula ezingoochwephesha zokuthintela iintlekele kuluntu. Isitshixo kukulinganisa rhoqo—kwanomlinganiselo wemvula webhakethi enika imvula ongcono kakhulu ufuna ukulungiswa.”
IiNethiwekhi zoKubeka esweni iMvula eziLungileyo
Iigeyiji zemvula ezizenzekelayo zesizukulwana esilandelayo ziyaphuhliswa kwiilabhoratri:
- Uyilo lwezinto ezintsha: Ii-nanocoatings eziphobisayo emanzini ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokunamathela kwamanzi
- Ukuphumelela kweFomu: Uyilo lwebhakethi oluguquguqukayo oluhambelana nomphezulu wesakhiwo
- Ubukrelekrele benethiwekhi: Iigeyiji zemvula zedijithali ezenza iinethiwekhi ezizilungiselelayo, apho ukusilela kwenqaku elinye kungachaphazeli idatha iyonke
“Sakha i-'IoT yemvula',” kubonise inkampani yetekhnoloji i-CTO enomzekelo. “I-rain gauge nganye yobungcali yi-node ekrelekrele, ayiqokeleli idatha kuphela kodwa ikwahlalutya iipateni zemvula kwaye iqikelela iingozi zezikhukula.”
Isiphelo:
Ukususela kwi-rain gauge yokuqala yebhakethi yokutsala amanzi ethengiswayo ngo-1888 ukuya kwii-rain gauge ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2 ezizenzekelayo ezisebenza kwihlabathi liphela namhlanje; ukusuka kumsebenzi ongathethiyo kwizitishi zemozulu zobungcali ukuya kwimingeni yokudala yabantu abaselula kwiTikTok—lo mgaqo ulula woomatshini uvuselelwa ngetekhnoloji ye-rain gauge yedijithali.
I-blogger yemozulu ithe kwividiyo ethandwa zizigidi: “Iigeyiji zemvula zobungcali zikhusela ukhuseleko lwasezidolophini, iigeyiji zemvula ezizenzekelayo zasekhaya zidibanisa abantu nendalo. Kweli xesha lokuguquguquka kwemozulu, mhlawumbi esikufunayo asikobuchwepheshe obuchanekileyo nje kuphela, kodwa ngulo moya wokuthatha onke amathontsi emvula nzulu.”
Njengoko ukujongwa kwemvula kutshintshela kwiindawo zobungcali ukuya kubomi boluntu, kwaye njengoko idatha yokulinganisa imvula ephuma kwibhakethi iqala ukuphembelela yonke into ukusuka ekunkcenkcesheleni kwezolimo ukuya kwiintengiselwano zemali, sibona ukuqala kwexesha elicokisekileyo nelinolawulo lwentando yesininzi ekujongweni kwemozulu.
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Ixesha leposi: Disemba-25-2025