Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, ukusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zomhlaba kubanzi ngakumbi kwiinkalo zezolimo, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nokubeka iliso kwizinto eziphilayo. Ngokukodwa, inzwa yomhlaba esebenzisa i-SDI-12 protocol ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo ekubekweni iliso komhlaba ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezisebenzayo, ezichanekileyo nezithembekileyo. Eli phepha liza kwazisa iprotocol ye-SDI-12, umgaqo wokusebenza wenzwa yomhlaba, iimeko zesicelo, kunye neendlela zophuhliso lwexesha elizayo.
1. Isishwankathelo seprotocol yeSDI-12
I-SDI-12 (i-Serial Data Interface kwi-1200 baud) yinkqubo yonxibelelwano lwedatha eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukubeka iliso kokusingqongileyo, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimimandla ye-hydrological, meteorological kunye nomhlaba. Iimpawu zayo eziphambili ziquka:
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi: Isixhobo se-SDI-12 sisebenzisa amandla aphantsi kakhulu kwimodi yokulinda, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kwizixhobo zokujonga indawo ezifuna ixesha elide lokusebenza.
Uxhulumaniso lwe-multi-sensor: I-SDI-12 protocol ivumela ukuya kwii-sensors ze-62 ukuba zixhunywe kumgca wonxibelelwano ofanayo, uququzelele ukuqokelela kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zedatha kwindawo enye.
Ukufundwa kwedatha ngokulula: I-SDI-12 ivumela izicelo zedatha ngokusebenzisa imiyalelo elula ye-ASCII yokusetyenziswa lula komsebenzisi kunye nokucubungula idatha.
Ukuchaneka okuphezulu: Izixhobo zoluvo ezisebenzisa i-SDI-12 protocol zikholisa ukuchaneka okuphakamileyo komlinganiselo, ofanele uphando lwezenzululwazi kunye nezicelo ezifanelekileyo zezolimo.
2. Umgaqo wokusebenza wenzwa yomhlaba
I-sensor ye-SDI-12 yemveliso yomhlaba idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukufuma komhlaba, ubushushu, i-EC (i-electrical conductivity) kunye nezinye iiparitha, kunye nomgaqo wayo wokusebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Umlinganiselo wokufuma: Izinzwa zokufuma komhlaba zihlala zisekwe kwi-capacitance okanye umgaqo wokumelana. Xa umswakama womhlaba ukhona, umswakama utshintsha iimpawu zombane zenzwa (ezifana ne-capacitance okanye ukuchasana), kwaye ukusuka kolu tshintsho, inzwa inokubala umswakama ohambelana nomhlaba.
Umlinganiselo wobushushu: Iingcinga ezininzi zomhlaba zidibanisa izinzwa zeqondo lokushisa, rhoqo kunye ne-thermistor okanye iteknoloji ye-thermocouple, ukubonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela lobushushu bomhlaba.
Umlinganiselo wokwenziwa kombane: Ukuqhutywa kombane ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziselwa ukuhlola isiqulatho setyuwa emhlabeni, okuchaphazela ukukhula kwesityalo kunye nokufunxwa kwamanzi.
Inkqubo yoNxibelelwano: Xa inzwa ifunda idatha, ithumela ixabiso elilinganisiweyo kwifomathi ye-ASCII kwi-logger yedatha okanye ibamba ngokusebenzisa imiyalelo ye-SDI-12, ekulungele ukugcinwa kwedatha elandelayo kunye nokuhlalutya.
3. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-SDI-12 inzwa yomhlaba
Ukuchaneka kwezolimo
Kwizicelo ezininzi zezolimo, i-SDI-12 sensor yomhlaba ibonelela abalimi ngenkxaso yesigqibo sokunkcenkceshela ngokwesayensi ngokubeka iliso kumswakama womhlaba kunye nobushushu ngexesha langempela. Ngokomzekelo, nge-SDI-12 inzwa yomhlaba efakwe kwintsimi, abalimi banokufumana idatha yomswakama womhlaba ngexesha langempela, ngokweemfuno zamanzi zezityalo, ukuphepha ngokufanelekileyo ukuchithwa kwamanzi, ukuphucula isivuno kunye nomgangatho.
Ukuhlolwa kokusingqongileyo
Kwiprojekthi yokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nokubeka iliso kokusingqongileyo, i-SDI-12 inzwa yomhlaba isetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso kwimpembelelo yokungcola kumgangatho womhlaba. Ezinye iiprojekthi zokubuyisela i-ikholoji zisebenzisa izinzwa ze-SDI-12 kumhlaba ongcolisekileyo ukujonga utshintsho kwingqokelela yesinyithi esinzima kunye neekhemikhali emhlabeni ngexesha langempela ukunika inkxaso yedatha yezicwangciso zokubuyisela.
Uphando lokutshintsha kwemozulu
Kuphando lokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukujonga ukufuma komhlaba kunye notshintsho lobushushu kubalulekile kuphando lwemozulu. I-sensor ye-SDI-12 inikezela ngedatha kwi-series yexesha elide, ivumela abaphandi ukuba bahlalutye imiphumo yokutshintsha kwemozulu kwi-dynamics yamanzi yomhlaba. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye iimeko, iqela lophando lisebenzise idatha yexesha elide ukusuka kwi-SDI-12 sensor ukuhlalutya iindlela zokunyakama komhlaba phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu, ukubonelela ngedatha ebalulekileyo yokulungelelanisa imodeli yemozulu.
4. Amatyala okwenene
Ityala loku-1:
Kwintsimi enkulu yaseCalifornia, abaphandi basebenzisa i-SDI-12 inzwa yomhlaba ukujonga umswakama womhlaba kunye nobushushu ngexesha langempela. Le fama ivelisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zemithi yeziqhamo, kuquka ama-apile, isitrasi njalo njalo. Ngokubeka izinzwa ze-SDI-12 phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemithi, amafama anokufumana ngokuchanekileyo imeko yokufuma komhlaba wengcambu yomthi ngamnye.
Isiphumo sokuphunyezwa: Idatha eqokelelwe yinzwa idityaniswe neenkcukacha zemozulu, kwaye amafama ahlengahlengisa inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ngokobumanzi bokwenene bomhlaba, ngokufanelekileyo ukuphepha inkcitho yobutyebi bamanzi obubangelwa kukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithiseleyo. Ukongeza, ukujonga ixesha lokwenyani kwedatha yobushushu bomhlaba kunceda amafama ukuba enze ixesha lokuchumisa kunye nolawulo lwezinambuzane. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba isivuno sisonke sebhoma sinyuke nge-15%, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunyuke ngaphezu kwe-20%.
Ityala lesi-2:
Kwiprojekthi yolondolozo lwemigxobhozo kwimpuma ye-United States, iqela lophando lasebenzisa uthotho lwe-SDI-12 zezivamvo zomhlaba ukujonga amanqanaba amanzi, ityuwa kunye nezingcolisi eziphilayo kwimihlaba emanzi. Ezi nkcukacha zibalulekile ekuhloleni impilo ye-ikholoji kwimigxobhozo.
Isiphumo sophumezo: Ngokubeka iliso rhoqo, kufunyaniswe ukuba kukho unxulumano oluthe ngqo phakathi kokutshintsha komgangatho wamanzi omhlaba omanzi kunye nokutshintsha kokusetyenziswa komhlaba okungqongileyo. Uhlalutyo lwedatha lubonise ukuba amazinga etyuwa yomhlaba ojikeleze imigxobhozo aye anda ngamaxesha omsebenzi wezolimo ophezulu, okuchaphazela indalo eyohlukileyo yemigxobhozo. Ngokusekelwe kule datha, ii-arhente zokukhusela indalo ziye zaqulunqa imilinganiselo yokulawula efanelekileyo, njengokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ezolimo kunye nokukhuthaza iindlela zokulima ezizinzileyo, ukunciphisa impembelelo kwindalo emanzi, ngaloo ndlela inceda ukukhusela i-biodiversity yendawo.
Ityala 3:
Kuphononongo lokutshintsha kwemozulu yamazwe ngamazwe, izazinzulu ziye zaseka uthungelwano lwe-SDI-12 zezivamvo zomhlaba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemozulu, njengeendawo ezitshisayo, ezipholileyo nezibandayo, ukujonga iimpawu eziphambili ezifana nokufuma komhlaba, ubushushu kunye nomxholo we-organic carbon. Ezi zinzwa ziqokelela idatha kwi-frequency ephezulu, zibonelela ngenkxaso yobungqina obubalulekileyo kwiimodeli zemozulu.
Isiphumo sophumezo: Uhlalutyo lwedatha lubonise ukuba ukunyakama komhlaba kunye nokutshintsha kobushushu kube nefuthe elibonakalayo kwisantya sokubola kwekhabhoni yeorganic emhlabeni phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ziphumo zibonelela ngenkxaso yedatha eqinile yokuphucula imodeli yemozulu, ukuvumela iqela lophando ukuba liqikelele ngokuchanekileyo impembelelo enokubakho yokutshintsha kwemozulu kwixesha elizayo kugcino lwekhabhoni yomhlaba. Iziphumo zophononongo ziye zaboniswa kwiinkomfa ezininzi zemozulu zamazwe ngamazwe kwaye ziye zatsala ingqalelo ebanzi.
5. Indlela yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezolimo olukrelekrele kunye nophuculo lweemfuno zokusingqongileyo, indlela yophuhliso yexesha elizayo ye-SDI-12 protocol yezivamvo zomhlaba inokushwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ukudityaniswa okuphezulu: Izinzwa zexesha elizayo ziya kudibanisa imisebenzi yokulinganisa ngakumbi, njengokubeka iliso kwi-meteorological (ubushushu, umswakama, uxinzelelo), ukubonelela ngenkxaso yedatha ebanzi.
Ubukrelekrele obuphuculweyo: Idityaniswe ne-Intanethi yezinto (IoT) iteknoloji, i-SDI-12 inzwa yomhlaba iya kuba nenkxaso yesigqibo esilumkileyo sokuhlalutya kunye neengcebiso ezisekelwe kwidatha yexesha langempela.
Ukuboniswa kwedatha: Kwixesha elizayo, abenzi boluvo baya kusebenzisana kunye neeplatifomu zamafu okanye izicelo zeselula ukuphumeza umboniso obonakalayo wedatha, ukwenzela ukuba kube lula abasebenzisi ukuba bafumane ulwazi lomhlaba ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye baqhube ulawulo olusebenzayo ngakumbi.
Ukuncitshiswa kweendleko: Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubeka nokuvuthwa kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa ziphucula, ixabiso lokuvelisa i-SDI-12 izinzwa zomhlaba kulindeleke ukuba zehle kwaye zifumaneke ngokubanzi.
Ukuqukumbela
I-SDI-12 ye-sensor yemveliso yomhlaba kulula ukuyisebenzisa, iyasebenza, kwaye inokubonelela ngolwazi oluthembekileyo lomhlaba, olusisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuxhasa ukuchaneka kwezolimo kunye nokubeka iliso lokusingqongileyo. Ngokuqhubeka kokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nokuthandwa kobuchwephesha, ezi zivamvo ziya kubonelela ngenkxaso yedatha eyimfuneko ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yezolimo kunye namanyathelo okukhusela okusingqongileyo, kube negalelo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nolwakhiwo lwempucuko yendalo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-15-2025