Ukunyuka Kokujongwa Komgangatho Wamanzi KuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia

Umhla: 23 Disemba 2024

Mzantsi-mpuma weAsia— Njengoko lo mmandla ujongene nemingeni yokusingqongileyo eyandayo, kuquka ukukhula kwabantu, uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso, kunye notshintsho lwemozulu, ukubaluleka kokubeka iliso kumgangatho wamanzi kuye kwafumana ingqwalasela engxamisekileyo. Oorhulumente, ii-NGO, kunye nabadlali becandelo labucala bazibophelela ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zokubeka iliso kumgangatho wamanzi eziphucukileyo ukukhusela impilo yoluntu, ukukhusela iinkqubo zendalo, kunye nokuqinisekisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo.

Ukubaluleka Kokujongwa Komgangatho Wamanzi

Umzantsi-mpuma we-Asia likhaya leminye yemijelo yamanzi ebalulekileyo emhlabeni, kuquka uMlambo iMekong, uMlambo i-Irrawaddy, kunye namachibi amaninzi kunye namanzi aselunxwemeni. Nangona kunjalo, ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kwezixeko, ukuchitheka kwamanzi kwezolimo, kunye nokukhutshelwa kwamanzi kwimizi-mveliso kukhokelele ekuwohlokeni komgangatho wamanzi kwiindawo ezininzi. Imithombo yamanzi engcolisiweyo ibeka emngciphekweni omkhulu kwimpilo yoluntu, inegalelo kwizifo ezibangelwa ngamanzi ezichaphazela abantu abasengozini ngokungalinganiyo.

Ukuze kuliwe nale mingeni, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kunye nemibutho batyala imali kwiinkqubo zokujonga umgangatho wamanzi ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha. La maphulo ajolise ekuboneleleni ngedatha epheleleyo malunga nempilo yamanzi, okuvumela iimpendulo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwiziganeko zongcoliseko kunye namaqhinga olawulo lwexesha elide.

Amanyathelo eSithili kunye neZifundo zeTyala

1. IKhomishini yoMlambo iMekong: IKhomishini yoMlambo iMekong (MRC) iqalise iinkqubo zokubeka esweni ezibanzi ukuvavanya impilo yendalo yeMekong River Basin. Ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo lomgangatho wamanzi kunye nobuchwepheshe bokubona kude, iMRC ilandelela iiparameter ezifana namanqanaba ezondlo, i-pH, kunye nokufuma. Olu lwazi lunceda ukwazisa imigaqo-nkqubo ejolise kulawulo oluzinzileyo lomlambo kunye nokukhuselwa kokuloba.

2. Iprojekthi ye-NEWater yaseSingapore: Njengenkokeli kulawulo lwamanzi, iSingapore iphuhlise iprojekthi ye-NEWater, ephatha kwaye ibuyisele amanzi amdaka ukuze asetyenziswe kwimizi-mveliso nakumanzi okusela. Impumelelo ye-NEWater ixhomekeke ekujongeni ngokungqongqo umgangatho wamanzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi acociweyo ahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko engqongqo. Indlela yaseSingapore isebenza njengomzekelo kumazwe angabamelwane ajongene nemiba yokunqongophala kwamanzi.

3. Ulawulo loMgangatho waManzi ePhilippines: EPhilippines, iSebe leNdalo kunye neMithombo yeNdalo (i-DENR) liqalise iNkqubo yokuJonga uMgangatho waManzi eDibeneyo njengenxalenye yoMthetho walo waManzi acocekileyo. Eli phulo liquka inethiwekhi yezikhululo zokujonga kulo lonke ilizwe ezilinganisa izalathisi eziphambili zempilo yamanzi. Le nkqubo ijolise ekuphuculeni ulwazi loluntu kunye nokukhuthaza izikhokelo zomthetho eziqinileyo zokukhusela iindlela zamanzi zelizwe.

4. Iinkqubo zokubeka esweni ezikrelekrele zaseIndonesia: Kwiindawo zasezidolophini ezifana neJakarta, kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe obutsha bokujonga umgangatho wamanzi ngexesha langempela. Izinzwa ezikrelekrele zidityaniswa kwiinkqubo zokubonelela ngamanzi kunye nemibhobho yamanzi ukuze zibone izinto ezingcolisayo kwaye zilumkise abasemagunyeni ngeziganeko zongcoliseko. Le ndlela yokuzikhusela ibalulekile ekuthinteleni iingxaki zempilo kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi.

Ukubandakanyeka koLuntu kunye noKwazisa uluntu

Impumelelo yeenkqubo zokubeka esweni umgangatho wamanzi ayixhomekekanga kuphela kwizenzo zikarhulumente kodwa nakwimfundo yoluntu. Ii-NGO kunye nemibutho yasekuhlaleni ziqhuba amaphulo okwazisa abemi ngokubaluleka kokulondolozwa kwamanzi kunye nokuthintela ungcoliseko. Iinkqubo zokubeka esweni ezikhokelwa luluntu nazo ziyazuza umdla, zinika amandla abemi ukuba badlale indima ebonakalayo ekukhuseleni imithombo yabo yamanzi yasekuhlaleni.

Umzekelo, eThailand, inkqubo ethi “Community Water Monitoring” ibandakanya abemi basekuhlaleni ekuqokeleleni iisampulu zamanzi nasekuhlalutyeni iziphumo, nto leyo ekhuthaza uxanduva kunye nobunini beenkqubo zabo zamanzi. Le ndlela yoluntu incedisa imizamo karhulumente kwaye inegalelo ekuqokeleleni idatha ebanzi ngakumbi.

Imingeni kunye nendlela eya phambili

Nangona kukho ezi nkqubela zintle, imingeni isekho. Ukunqongophala kwezixhobo zemali, ulwazi olungonelanga lobuchwephesha, kunye nokungabikho kweenkqubo zedatha ezidibeneyo kuyayithintela impumelelo yeenkqubo zokujonga umgangatho wamanzi kulo lonke eli candelo. Ngaphezu koko, kukho imfuneko ebalulekileyo yemizamo yokusebenzisana phakathi koorhulumente, amashishini, kunye noluntu ukujongana nemiba yomgangatho wamanzi ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuphucula amandla okubeka esweni umgangatho wamanzi, amazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia akhuthazwa ukuba atyale imali kuphando nophuhliso, aphucule ukwakhiwa kwamandla, kwaye amkele ubuchwepheshe obutsha. Intsebenziswano yengingqi ibalulekile ekwabelaneni ngeendlela ezilungileyo kunye nokuvumelanisa imigangatho yokubeka esweni, ukuqinisekisa indlela emanyeneyo yokukhusela imithombo yamanzi yommandla.

Isiphelo

Njengoko uMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia uqhubeka nokujongana nobunzima bolawulo lwamanzi nangona kukho utshintsho olukhawulezileyo, ukunyuka kokujonga umgangatho wamanzi kunika indlela ethembisayo eya kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ngemizamo edibeneyo, ubuchwepheshe obuphambili, kunye nokubandakanyeka koluntu, lo mmandla unokuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zawo zamanzi ezixabisekileyo zihlala zikhuselekile kwaye zifikeleleka kwizizukulwana ezizayo. Ngokuzibophelela okuqhubekayo kunye nentsebenziswano, uMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia unokubeka umzekelo onamandla kulawulo lwezixhobo zamanzi kwihlabathi liphela, uqinisekisa imeko-bume enempilo nezinzileyo kubo bonke.