Ukunyuka koHlolo loMgangatho waManzi kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia

Umhla: Disemba 23, 2024

UMzantsi-mpuma Asia- Njengoko lo mmandla ujongene nemingeni eyandayo yokusingqongileyo, kuquka ukukhula kwabemi, ukuhluma kwamashishini, kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukubaluleka kokujongwa komgangatho wamanzi kuye kwaqwalaselwa ngokukhawuleza. Oorhulumente, ii-NGO, kunye nabadlali becandelo labucala bayazibophelela ngakumbi kwiindlela eziphucukileyo zokuhlola umgangatho wamanzi ukukhusela impilo yoluntu, ukukhusela i-ecosystem, kunye nokuqinisekisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo.

Ukubaluleka kokuHlolwa koMgangatho waManzi

UMzantsi-mpuma weAsia likhaya leminye yeendlela zamanzi ezibalulekileyo emhlabeni, kubandakanya uMlambo iMekong, uMlambo i-Irrawaddy, kunye namachibi amaninzi kunye namanzi aselunxwemeni. Noko ke, ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini ngokukhawuleza, ukuphuncuka kwezolimo, nokukhutshwa kwemizi-mveliso kuye kwakhokelela ekuwohlokeni komgangatho wamanzi kwiindawo ezininzi. Imithombo yamanzi angcolisekileyo ibeka imingcipheko enkulu kwimpilo yoluntu, inegalelo kwizifo ezisemanzini ezichaphazela ngokungafanelekanga abantu abasesichengeni.

Ukulwa le mingeni, oorhulumente basekhaya kunye nemibutho batyala imali kwiinkqubo zokujonga umgangatho wamanzi ezisebenzisa ubugcisa obuphambili kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha. La manyathelo ajolise ekuboneleleni ngedatha ebanzi malunga nempilo yamanzi, okwenza ukuba kuphendulwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwiziganeko zongcoliseko kunye nezicwangciso zokulawula ixesha elide.

Amanyathelo eNgingqi kunye ne-Case Studies

1. IKhomishini yoMlambo iMekong: IKomishoni yoMlambo iMekong (MRC) iphumeze iinkqubo zokubeka iliso ezibanzi zokuvavanya impilo yendalo kwiMekong River Basin. Ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo lomgangatho wamanzi kunye nobuchwepheshe bokubona kude, i-MRC ilandelela iiparamitha ezifana namanqanaba ezondlo, i-pH, kunye ne-turbidity. Olu lwazi lunceda ukwazisa imigaqo-nkqubo ejolise kulawulo lwemilambo oluzinzileyo kunye nokhuseleko lokuloba.

2. Iprojekthi yeNewater yaseSingapore: Njengenkokeli kulawulo lwamanzi, iSingapore iphuhlise iprojekthi ye-NEWater, ephatha kwaye ibuyise amanzi amdaka ukuze asetyenziswe kwimizi-mveliso kunye nokusela. Impumelelo ye-NEWater ixhomekeke ekubekweni esweni okungqongqo komgangatho wamanzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi acociweyo ahlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yokhuseleko. Indlela yaseSingapore isebenza njengomzekelo kumazwe angabamelwane ajongene nemiba yokunqongophala kwamanzi.

3. Ulawulo loMgangatho waManzi kwiiPhilippines: KwiiPhilippines, iSebe lezeNdalo kunye neMithombo yeNdalo (DENR) liqalise iNkqubo eHlanganisiweyo yokuHlola uMgangatho waManzi njengenxalenye yoMthetho waManzi acocekileyo. Eli phulo libandakanya uthungelwano lwezikhululo zokubeka iliso kwisizwe siphela ezilinganisa izalathisi eziphambili zempilo yamanzi. Le nkqubo ijolise ekonyuseni ulwazi loluntu kunye nokuthethelela izikhokelo zolawulo ezomeleleyo zokukhusela imijelo yamanzi yelizwe.

4. IiNkqubo zeMonitoring ezihlakaniphile zase-Indonesia: Kwiindawo zasezidolophini ezifana neJakarta, ubugcisa obutsha buyasasazwa ukujonga ubulunga bamanzi ngexesha lokwenyani. I-Smart sensors zidityanisiwe kunikezelo lwamanzi kunye neenkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi ukuze zibone ukungcola kunye namagunya alumkileyo kwiziganeko zongcoliseko. Le ndlela yokwenza izinto ibalulekile ekuthinteleni iintlekele zempilo kwimimandla enabemi abaninzi.

Ukubandakanyeka koLuntu kunye noKwazisa uluntu

Impumelelo yamanyathelo okuhlola ubulunga bamanzi ayixhomekekanga kuphela kwisenzo sikarhulumente kodwa nasekubandakanyekeni koluntu kunye nemfundo. IiNGO kunye nemibutho yasekuhlaleni iqhuba amaphulo okufundisa abahlali ngokubaluleka kokugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokuthintela ungcoliseko. Iinkqubo zokubeka iliso ezikhokelwa luluntu nazo ziyazuza, zixhobisa abemi ukuba badlale indima ebonakalayo ekukhuseleni ubutyebi bamanzi asekuhlaleni.

Ngokomzekelo, eThailand, inkqubo "yokuJonga uMgangatho waManzi oLuntu" ibandakanya abahlali basekuhlaleni ekuqokeleleni iisampulu zamanzi kunye nokuhlalutya iziphumo, ukukhuthaza uxanduva kunye nobunini kwiinkqubo zabo zamanzi. Le ndlela yokusebenza incedisana neenzame zikarhulumente kwaye inegalelo ekuqokeleleni iinkcukacha ezibanzi.

Imingeni kunye neNdlela ePhambili

Ngaphandle kolu phuhliso luncomekayo, imingeni isekho. Izibonelelo zemali ezinqongopheleyo, ubuchwephesha obungonelanga, kunye nokungabikho kweenkqubo ezihlanganisiweyo zedatha kuthintela ukusebenza kweenkqubo zokuhlola umgangatho wamanzi kummandla wonke. Ngaphezu koko, kukho imfuneko ebalulekileyo yeenzame zentsebenziswano phakathi koorhulumente, amashishini, kunye noluntu ukuze kulungiswe imiba yomgangatho wamanzi ngokupheleleyo.

Ukwandisa amandla okuhlola ubulunga bamanzi, amazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma Asia ayakhuthazwa ukuba atyale imali kuphando nakuphuhliso, aphucule ukuxhotyiswa ngezakhono, kunye nokwamkela ubugcisa obutsha. Intsebenziswano yommandla ibalulekile ekwabelaneni ngezona ndlela zingcono zokusebenza kunye nokulungelelanisa imigangatho yokubeka iliso, ukuqinisekisa indlela emanyeneyo yokukhusela ubutyebi bamanzi bommandla.

Ukuqukumbela

Njengoko i-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia iqhubeka nokuhamba ngobunzima bolawulo lwamanzi ebusweni benguqu ekhawulezayo, ukunyuka kokujonga umgangatho wamanzi kunika indlela ethembisayo yophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ngeenzame ezilungelelanisiweyo, ubuchwephesha obuphambili, kunye nokuzibandakanya noluntu, ummandla unokuqinisekisa ukuba imithombo yawo yamanzi axabisekileyo ihlala ikhuselekile kwaye ifikeleleka kwizizukulwana ezizayo. Ngokuzibophezela okuqhubekayo kunye nentsebenziswano, i-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia inokumisela umzekelo onamandla kulawulo lobutyebi bamanzi emhlabeni jikelele, ukukhusela indawo ephilileyo kunye nezinzileyo kubo bonke.