Ngaphaya kwemifanekiso yesathelayithi kunye neemodeli zemozulu, intshukumo yamawaka ezixhobo ezilula zoomatshini irekhoda idatha esisiseko ebalulekileyo yesizwe esiqhekekileyo phakathi kwembalela kunye nogumbe.
Kwiintaba zaseSierra Norte eOaxaca, i-red tipping bucket rain gauge kwisikhululo semozulu sasekuhlaleni irekhode imvula eyi-1,200 yeemilimitha kwisizini ephelileyo. Iikhilomitha ezingamakhulu amane ukusuka eGuanajuato, i-gauge efanayo "yaginya" iimilimitha ezingama-280 kuphela—ngaphantsi kwekota yenani.
Ezi zenzo zimbini zilula zoomatshini zithetha kakhulu kunayo nayiphi na ingxelo, zityhila inyaniso ebuhlungu yokwenyani kwamanzi aseMexico: ukusasazwa kwamanzi okungalinganiyo. Eli lizwe lijongene nembalela enkulu emantla, izikhukula zonyaka emazantsi, kunye nokutsalwa kwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kuzwelonke. Bejongene nale ngxaki inzima, abenzi bezigqibo bayaqonda ukuba iiprojekthi ezinkulu ze-hydraulic kunye neentetho zokonga amanzi kufuneka zakhiwe phezu kombuzo obalulekileyo: Mangakanani amanzi esinawo ngokwenene?
Impendulo "yenyaniso" kulo mbuzo ixhomekeke kakhulu kwiigeyiji zemvula ezibonakala ziphelelwe lixesha ezisasazeke kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, kwiintlambo, kumasimi nakwiiphahla zedolophu.
Ukuhlanganiswa kweSizwe: Ukusuka kwiDatha eNkangala ukuya kwiNethiwekhi yokuBeka esweni
Ngokwembali, bekukho izikhewu ezinkulu kwidatha yemvula yaseMexico, ingakumbi kwiindawo zasemaphandleni nasezintabeni. Ukusukela ngo-2020, iNational Water Commission, ngokubambisana neearhente ezifana neGerman Society for International Cooperation, iqhubele phambili iNational Precipitation Observation Network Enhancement Plan. Icebo eliphambili kukusasazwa okukhulu kwezikhululo ze-automatic tipping bucket rain gauge ezingabizi kakhulu nezilula ukuzigcina kwiindawo ezingaphaya kokufikelela kwezikhululo zemozulu zemveli.
- Ingqiqo Yokukhetha: Kwiindawo ezikude ezinebhajethi encinci kunye nomthamo wokugcinwa, ukuthembeka koomatshini, ukungabikho kwesidingo samandla angaphandle (iphaneli yelanga inokunika amandla i-data logger), kunye nokulula kokuxilongwa kwentsimi (jonga, mamela, hlamba) kwenza kube lukhetho olucacileyo.
- Ukudala iDemokhrasi kwiDatha: Le datha idluliselwa ngexesha langempela kwidathabheyisi yesizwe kwaye yenziwe ifumaneke koorhulumente basekhaya, abaphandi, kwanabalimi abanomdla ngeqonga elivulekileyo le-intanethi. Idatha iguquke ukusuka kwidathabheyisi eyimfihlo yaba yimithombo yoluntu.
Iimeko zeSicelo esiPhambili: "Ubalo-mali" lwamanzi oluqhutywa yiDatha
Imeko 1: "Isikali Esifanelekileyo" se-Inshorensi yezoLimo
ESinaloa, enye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo kwezolimo eMexico, imbalela elandelelanayo kunye neemvula ezingaqhelekanga zihlasela abalimi. Urhulumente kunye neenkampani zomshuwalense zabucala basebenzisane ukuqalisa "i-inshurensi yesimo sezulu." Iintlawulo azisekho kuvavanyo lomonakalo oluvela kumntu ngamnye kodwa zisekelwe kuphela kwidatha yemvula eqokelelweyo evela kwiigauge ezininzi zebhakethi kwindawo ethile. Ukuba imvula yexesha elithile iwela ngaphantsi komda wesivumelwano, intlawulo iqala ngokuzenzekelayo. Idatha yemvula iba bubungqina bebango lomlimi kunye nomthombo wobomi.
Imeko yesi-2: Ukhukula lwasezidolophini “Umntu okhupha imibiko”
KwiSixeko saseMexico, isixeko esikhulu esakhiwe phezu kwelali yangaphambili, izikhukula zasezidolophini ziyingozi engapheliyo. Abasemagunyeni bakamasipala basebenzise inethiwekhi yezikhululo zebhakethi zokuncamathela amanzi kwiindawo ezisemantla kunye nakwiindawo eziphambili zokukhupha amanzi. Idatha yobunzulu bemvula abayinikayo yingeniso ethe ngqo kwimodeli yezikhukula zesixeko. Xa izitishi ezininzi zirekhoda "ukuphindaphinda kokuncamathela kwamanzi" okungaqhelekanga kwixesha elifutshane, iziko le-预警 linokukhupha izilumkiso ezichanekileyo kwiindawo ezisemazantsi kwimizuzu engama-30-90 kwangaphambili kwaye lithumele amaqela eengxamiseko.
Imeko 3: “Iledger” yoLawulo lwaManzi angaphantsi komhlaba
EGuanajuato, exhomekeke kakhulu kumanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwezolimo kunxulumene ngokusemthethweni nokufumaneka kwamanzi. Imibutho yabasebenzisi bamanzi yasekuhlaleni iseke uthungelwano lokujonga iigeyiji zebhakethi ezijikayo kwiindawo zamanzi. Olu lwazi lubala ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba ngonyaka, nto leyo eyenza isiseko sesayensi sokwaba izabelo zamanzi ezolimo. Imvula iba yimpahla yamanzi enokulinganiswa ukuba "ibhukishwe" kwaye "isasazwe."
Imeko yesi-4: "Isikhokelo soLuntu" sokuLungisa iMozulu
KwiYucatán Peninsula, abalimi boluntu lwaseMaya basebenzisa idatha evela kwiindawo zokufumana imali eninzi eziqhutywa luluntu, kunye nolwazi lwemveli, ukulungisa amaxesha okutyala kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zombona neembotyi. Abasaxhomekeki kuphela kwiimpawu zendalo kodwa balinganise idatha yembali ukuze bazivumelanise ngcono nokuqala kwexesha lemvula elingaqikeleliyo.
Imingeni kunye noBuchule obukhoyo
Ukusebenzisa obu buchwepheshe "bulula" eMexico kufuna ukuziqhelanisa nemingeni eyahlukileyo:
- Ubushushu obuphezulu be-UV kunye nobushushu: Izixhobo zeplastiki eziqhelekileyo zibola ngokukhawuleza. Iigeyiji zisebenzisa izinto ezizinzileyo ze-UV kunye nezixhobo zesinyithi.
- Uthuli: Izivuthuvuthu zothuli ezihlala zigquma i-funnel. Iindlela zokulungisa izinto zasekuhlaleni ziquka ukucoca rhoqo ngeebrashi ezithambileyo kunye nee-air blower.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwezilwanyana: Endle, izinambuzane, iinciniba, kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci ezincancisayo zinokungena. Ukufaka i-mesh encinci kunye neendawo zokukhusela kuye kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo.
Ikamva: Ukusuka “kwii-Dots” ezizimeleyo ukuya “kwi-Web” ekrelekrele
I-single tipping bucket gauge yindawo yedatha. Xa amakhulu eqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi kwaye edityaniswe nee-sensors zomswakama womhlaba kunye noqikelelo lwemvula yesathelayithi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-cross-version, ixabiso labo liyaguquka ngokwemigangatho. Amaziko ophando aseMexico asebenzisa le datha yenyani yokwenyani ukulinganisa nokuphucula iimodeli zemvula ezisekelwe kwisathelayithi, ukuvelisa iimephu zokusasazwa kwemvula yesizwe ezichanekileyo kakhulu.
Isiphelo: Ukukhusela Isidima Soomatshini Kwixesha Ledijithali
Kwixesha elilawulwa yi-lidar, i-phased-array weather radar, kunye neemodeli zokuqikelela ze-AI, ukubaluleka okuhlala ixesha elide kwe-tipping bucket rain gauge sisifundo esinzulu "kubuchwepheshe obufanelekileyo." Ayilandeli ubunzima obupheleleyo kodwa izama ukuthembeka okuphezulu, ukuzinza, kunye nokufikeleleka ngaphakathi komxholo othile.
EMexico, la mabhakethi esinyithi asasazeke kulo lonke ilizwe awalinganisi nje iimilimitha zemvula. Babhala ileja esisiseko yokhuseleko lwamanzi lwelizwe, bongeza isiseko esifanelekileyo sokuqina koluntu, kwaye bakhumbuza wonke umntu ngeyona ndlela ichanekileyo: ithontsi ngalinye lemvula liyingxaki yokusinda nophuhliso. Kule projekthi inkulu ibalulekileyo kwimpilo yesizwe, ngamanye amaxesha isisombululo esisebenzayo sikwibhakethi elula, elukhuni, nengadinwayo.
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Ixesha leposi: Disemba-10-2025