Intshayelelo
Kwixesha leemvula ezixhaphakileyo, isixhobo esibonakala silula—i-tipping bucket rain gauge—siba ngumgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela ekuthinteleni izikhukula ngobuchule. Sifikelela njani ekubekweni kweliso ngokuchanekileyo ngomgaqo waso osisiseko? Kwaye sithenga njani ixesha elixabisekileyo lokwenza izigqibo zokulawula izikhukula ezidolophini? Le ngxelo ikuthatha ngasemva.
Umzimba Oyintloko
Kwizikhululo zokujonga imozulu, kumadama amachibi, nakwiindawo ezikude zeentaba, izixhobo ezimhlophe eziziingqukuva zisebenza imini nobusuku. Ezi zizixhobo zokulinganisa imvula ezijikajikayo, “abalindi” abangadumanga beenkqubo zanamhlanje zokujonga amanzi.
Umgaqo Oyintloko: Ukulula Kuhlangabezana Nokuchaneka
I-tipping bucket rain gauge isebenza ngomgaqo wokulinganisa ngoomatshini. Inxalenye yayo ephambili inee-“bucket” ezimbini ezilinganayo, ezifana nesikali esithambileyo. Njengoko amanzi emvula eqokelelana nge-funnel aze azalise ibhakede enye, afikelela kumthamo omiselweyo (ngesiqhelo yi-0.1 mm okanye i-0.5 mm yemvula). Kule ndawo, amandla adonsela phantsi komhlaba abangela ukuba ibhakede ithambeke ngoko nangoko, ikhuphe umxholo wayo ngelixa enye ibhakede isiya endaweni yayo ukuze iqhubeke nokuqokelela. Incopho nganye ibangela isignali ye-elektroniki ebhalwe njenge-“pulse,” kwaye ubungakanani bemvula kunye nobukhulu bayo bubalwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokubala ezi pulses.
Imeko eziphambili zokusetyenziswa:
- Isilumkiso sokugawulwa kwamanzi ezidolophini
Ezi geyiji zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezisezantsi, kwiindawo ezingaphantsi komhlaba, nakwiindawo zokungena kwiindawo ezingaphantsi komhlaba, zijonga ubungakanani bemvula ngexesha langempela, zibonelela ngedatha kumasebe olawulo lwengxamiseko ukuze kusebenze iinkqubo zokukhupha amanzi. Ngexesha lezikhukula zika-2022 eShenzhen, uthungelwano lweegeyiji zemvula ezingaphezu kwama-2,000 ezikhupha amanzi zikhuphe ngempumelelo izilumkiso kwiindawo ezili-12 zokugcwala kwamanzi. - Ukuxelwa kwangaphambili kweNtlekele yeNtaba kunye neGeological
Ezi zixhobo zifakwe ecaleni kwemifula yeentaba kunye neendawo ezinokuba yingozi kwindalo, zijonga imvula eqokeleleneyo kunye nemvula enkulu yexesha elifutshane ukuze ziqikelele iingozi zezikhukula. ENanping, kwiPhondo laseFujian, olu hlobo lwenethiwekhi lukhuphe isilumkiso sezikhukula zexesha elikhawulezileyo kwiyure enye ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu basemaphandleni abangaphezu kwama-2,000 bayafuduswa ngokukhuselekileyo. - Ukunkcenkceshela ngoBuchule bezoLimo
Idityaniswe neenkqubo zokunkcenkceshela emasimini, ezi gauge zilungisa amaxesha okunkcenkceshela ngokusekelwe kwidatha yemvula yokwenyani. Iifama ezinkulu kwiPhondo laseJiangsu zibike ukuphucuka okungaphezulu kwama-30% ekusebenziseni amanzi emva kokusebenzisa obu buchwepheshe. - Ukulinganiswa kweModeli yeHydrological
Njengomthombo osisiseko nothembekileyo wedatha yemvula, ezi gauge zibonelela ngokuqinisekiswa kweemodeli zokuqikelela izikhukhula zemilambo. I-Yellow River Conservancy Commission ithumele iigauge zemvula ezingaphezu kwama-5,000 kwiindawo zayo eziphambili kunye nemilambo.
Uphuhliso lweTekhnoloji: Ukusuka kwiMechanical ukuya kwiSmart
Isizukulwana samva nje seegeyiji zemvula zebhakethi ezincamathelayo sisebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-IoT. Ixhotyiswe nge-GPS positioning kunye neemodyuli zothumelo ze-4G/5G, idatha ifakwa ngexesha langempela kwiiplatifomu zamafu. Iinkqubo zamandla elanga zivumela ukusebenza kwexesha elide nakwiindawo ezikude. Ngo-2023, inkqubo ye-"Sky Eye Rain Monitoring" yePhondo laseHenan yadibanisa izikhululo zemvula ezikrelekrele ezingaphezu kwama-8,000, ibonelela ngohlaziyo lwemvula kwiphondo liphela umzuzu ngamnye.
Imbono Yengcali
“Musa ukuyithatha lula le sixhobo soomatshini,” utshilo uZhang Mingyuan, injineli ephezulu kwiZiko leMeteorological leSizwe. “Xa kuthelekiswa neegeyiji zemvula ezibonakalayo, iigeyiji zemvula zebhakethi ezijikayo azichaphazeleki yinkungu okanye ngumbethe, nto leyo enika imilinganiselo esondele kakhulu kwimvula yokwenyani. Ukuthembeka kwazo kunye nokusebenza kwazo kakuhle azinakutshintshwa ukuze kujongwe iziphango zemvula ezikhawulezileyo.”
Isiphelo
Ukususela kwiintaba eziphakamileyo ukuya kwiikona zezitalato zasezidolophini, aba “bagcini” bazolileyo bakhusela ubomi kunye nepropathi ngendlela ethe ngqo. Xa kujongwe utshintsho lwemozulu, i-tipping bucket rain gauge, into eyakhiwe kwiminyaka engaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane, iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngamandla avuselelweyo.
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Ixesha leposi: Sep-01-2025