Impembelelo ebalulekileyo yeTipping Bucket Rain Gauges kuLimo kunye noLawulo lweeDolophu eMzantsi-mpuma Asia

Njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu luqhubela phambili ukuguquguquka kwemozulu kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asiya, idatha echanekileyo yemozulu ibaluleke kakhulu kwezolimo kunye neziseko zedolophu. Ngokukodwa kumazwe afana nePhilippines, Singapore, kunye namanye amazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia, apho ezolimo ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezoqoqosho kunye nokufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini kutshintsha ngokukhawuleza imihlaba,iigauji zemvula ebhakethiniziye zavela njengezixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokubeka iliso kwimvula. Eli nqaku liphonononga iimpembelelo ezibalulekileyo zokulinganisa imvula yamabhakethi kwimveliso yezolimo kunye nocwangciso lwedolophu kule mimandla.

Ukuqonda i-Tipping Bucket Rain Gauges

Iigeyiji zemvula zebhakethizizixhobo ezilula kodwa ezisebenzayo eziyilelwe ukulinganisa imvula. Ziquka ifaneli eqokelela amanzi emvula, iwakhokelela kwiibhakethi ezincinci ezifakwe kwipivot. Njengoko amanzi egcwalisa ibhakethi enye kwi-volume predetermined (ngokuqhelekileyo i-0.2 mm), inika iingcebiso, ivuselela i-counter erekhoda isiganeko, ize iphinde iphinde iqokelele imvula eninzi. Lo msebenzi uqhubekayo uvumela umlinganiselo othembekileyo, ozenzekelayo wemvula ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Impembelelo kweZolimo

1. Ukuchaneka kuLawulo lwaManzi: Kubalimi basePhilippines, eThailand, naseIndonesia, idatha yexesha lokwenyani esukaiigauji zemvula ebhakethiniivumela izenzo zolawulo lwamanzi ezichanekileyo. Ukuqonda iipateni zokuna kwemvula ngeyure nangemihla ngemihla kunceda amafama abone amaxesha afanelekileyo okunkcenkceshela, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izityalo zifumana ukufuma okwaneleyo ngelixa zilondoloza ubutyebi bamanzi.

2. UCwangciso lweZityalo kunye nokuNcitshiswa koMngcipheko: Ulwazi lweendlela zokuna kwemvula lukwanceda kwisicwangciso sezityalo. Abalimi banokwenza izigqibo ezizizo malunga neshedyuli yokutyala nokuvuna ngokusekelwe kwimvula elindelekileyo, nto leyo enciphisa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwezityalo. Esi sikhundla sibaluleke kakhulu kwimimandla esesichengeni sembalela nezikhukula, nto leyo evumela amafama ukuba athomalalise ilahleko.

3. Ulawulo lweZitshabalalisi kunye neZifo: Imvula inefuthe ekwandeni kwezitshabalalisi nezifo. Ngokujonga ubuninzi bemvula kunye nobude bexesha, amafama angaqikelela ngcono ukuqhambuka kwezinambuzane kunye nokulawula izifo. Le ndlela yokwenza izinto iphucula ukomelela kwezityalo kwaye inciphisa ukuthembela kumagalelo ekhemikhali, ikhuthaza iindlela zokulima ezizinzileyo.

4. Idatha yoMgaqo-nkqubo kunye neNkxaso: Oorhulumente kunye nee-arhente zezolimo zixhamla kwiinkcukacha ezidityanisiweyo ezibonelelwe nguiigauji zemvula ebhakethini. Olu lwazi lunceda abaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo baphuhlise imigaqo-nkqubo yezolimo esebenzayo, kuquka iinkonzo zokwandisa, inkxaso yemali, kunye nokuphuculwa kweziseko ezingundoqo, ezilungiselelwe iimfuno zamafama kwimimandla ethile.

Impembelelo kuCwangciso lweDolophu

1. Ulawulo lwezandyondyo: Kwizixeko ezinjengeManila, Bangkok, neSingapore, imvula enkulu inokukhokelela kwizikhukula.Iigeyiji zemvula zebhakethiefakwe kuyo yonke imimandla yasezidolophini ibonelela ngedatha ebalulekileyo kubacwangcisi besixeko kunye neenkonzo zolawulo olungxamisekileyo. Olu lwazi lunceda ekuvulweni kwangethuba kwamanyathelo okulawula izikhukhula, ezifana nezikhululo zokumpompa nokuvalwa kwendlela, ekugqibeleni kukhuselwe abemi nepropati.

2. Uyilo lweziseko zophuhliso: Idatha yemvula echanekileyo evelaiigauji zemvula ebhakethiniinika ulwazi ngoyilo kunye nokugcinwa kweziseko zophuhliso ezidolophini. Abacwangcisi basezidolophini banobungakanani obungcono beenkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi, izibonelelo zolawulo lwamanzi emvula, kunye neendawo eziluhlaza ukujongana neziganeko zemvula ezilindelekileyo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuphuma kunye nomonakalo kwiziseko ezingundoqo.

3. Ulawulo lobutyebi bamanzi: Iindawo zasezidolophini ziya zigxininisa ngakumbi kulawulo lobutyebi bamanzi obuzinzileyo. Idatha evelaiigauji zemvula ebhakethiniinokunceda ukubeka iliso kubulunga bamanzi kunye nobuninzi kumadama asekuhlaleni kunye namanzi angaphezulu, ukukhokela izigqibo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngexesha lokoma kunye nokuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwamanzi okusela akhuselekileyo.

4. UCwangciso lokumelana neMozulu: Ngokutshintsha kwemozulu kukhokelela kwiindlela zokuna kweemvula ezingalindelekanga, izixeko kufuneka ziphucule ukomelela kwazo. Idatha eqokelelwe nguiigauji zemvula ebhakethiniinceda abacwangcisi basezidolophini baphuhlise amacebo okuziqhelanisa, njengokwandisa izithuba eziluhlaza, ukuphumeza iipavundi ezivuzayo, kunye nokuphucula iinkqubo zokulawula amanzi esitshi.

Izifundo zeCase kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia

• KwiiPhilippines: Urhulumente ubandakanyileiigauji zemvula ebhakethinikwiinkqubo zayo zokuhlola imozulu, inceda amafama asemaphandleni kunye nabacwangcisi basezidolophini kuMbindi Manila. Idatha eqhubekayo yokuna kwemvula inceda ekuphuculeni ukomelela kwezolimo kwaye ibonelela ngolwazi oluyimfuneko ekulawuleni imingcipheko yezaqhwithi kunye neemvula ezinkulu zemonsoon.

• Singapho : Njengenkokeli kuzinzo ezidolophini, iSingapore isebenzisa inethiwekhi ebanzi yeiigauji zemvula ebhakethiniukujonga imvula. Olu lwazi lungundoqo ekulawuleni iindlela ezintsha zokukhupha amanzi zelizwe kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezicwangciso-qhinga zalo “zesixeko esiyisiponji”, ezijonge ukufunxa imvula egqithisileyo nokuthintela ukuphuphuma kwamanzi ezidolophini.

• Thayilendi : Kwiindawo zamafama ezilalini,iigauji zemvula ebhakethiniziye zasetyenziswa njengenxalenye yeenkqubo zokwandisa ezolimo. La manyathelo anceda amafama ukuba aqhelane neemeko zemozulu eguqukayo, eqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nokwandisa imveliso.

Imingeni kunye nezikhokelo zexesha elizayo

Ngaphandle kweenzuzo zabo, ukusasazwa kweiigauji zemvula ebhakethiniinokujongana nemingeni, kubandakanywa nemiba yokugcinwa, imfuno yokulungelelaniswa rhoqo, kunye nokubakho kwezithuba zedatha kwiindawo ezikude. Utyalo-mali oluqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe neziseko ezingundoqo, kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho lwamagcisa asekuhlaleni namafama, kubalulekile ekwandiseni ukusetyenziswa kwawo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukudibanisaigauji yemvula yebhakethiidatha kunye nezinye izixhobo zemeteorological kunye neemodeli zemozulu yendawo zingaphucula uhlalutyo lokuxela kwangaphambili, ukunika izisombululo ezomelele ngakumbi zokulawula ezolimo kunye nokusingqongileyo kwedolophu ebusweni bokungaqiniseki kwemozulu.

Ukuqukumbela

Iigeyiji zemvula zebhakethizizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokuphucula imveliso yezolimo kunye nokomelela kwedolophu kwiiPhilippines, eSingapore nakwamanye amazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia. Ngokubonelela ngedatha yemvula echanekileyo kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo, ezi zixhobo zixhobisa amafama ukuba aphucule izenzo zabo, ancedise abacwangcisi basezidolophini ekulawuleni imithombo yamanzi ngokuzinzileyo, kunye nokuncedisa oorhulumente ekuphumezeni izicwangciso zokunciphisa iintlekele. Njengoko i-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia iqhubeka ukulwa neempembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu, indima yobugcisa obunjalo iya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ikamva elizinzileyo kwezolimo kunye nokuphila ezidolophini.

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