Imfuno ekhulayo yamanzi acocekileyo ibangela ukunqongophala kwamanzi kwihlabathi jikelele. Njengoko inani labantu liqhubeka likhula kwaye abantu abaninzi bafudukela kwimimandla yasezidolophini, izibonelelo zamanzi zijongene nemingeni emininzi enxulumene nokunikezelwa kwamanzi kunye nemisebenzi yokucoca. Ulawulo lwamanzi asekuhlaleni alunakungahoywa, njengoko iZizwe eziManyeneyo ziqikelela ukuba izixeko zenza i-12% yazo zonke iipesenti zokutsalwa kwamanzi acocekileyo. [1] Ukongeza kwimfuno ekhulayo yamanzi, izinto eziluncedo ziyasokola ukuthobela umthetho omtsha omalunga nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi, imigangatho yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, kunye nemilinganiselo yozinzo ngelixa zijongene neziseko zophuhliso ezigugayo kunye nenkxaso-mali enyiniweyo.
Amashishini amaninzi nawo asesichengeni sokunqongophala kwamanzi. Amanzi asoloko esetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokwenziwa kokupholisa nokucoca, kwaye amanzi amdaka aphumayo kufuneka acocwe phambi kokuba aphinde asetyenziswe okanye akhululwe abuyele kokusingqongileyo. Ezinye izingcolisi kunzima kakhulu ukuzisusa, ezinje ngamasuntswana e-oyile acolekileyo, kwaye zisenokwenza intsalela efuna unyango olukhethekileyo. Iindlela zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso kufuneka zingabizi kakhulu kwaye zikwazi ukunyanga umthamo omkhulu wamanzi amdaka kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo kunye namanqanaba e-pH.
Ukufezekisa ukuhluzwa okuphezulu kuyingxenye ebalulekileyo yokuphuhlisa isizukulwana esilandelayo sezisombululo zonyango lwamanzi. Iimbrane zokuhluza ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu zibonelela ngendlela yonyango esebenza kakuhle kakhulu kunye neyonga amandla, kwaye abavelisi baqhubeka bephuhlisa ubugcisa obutsha ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemizi-mveliso kunye nezixhobo zikamasipala kwaye bahlale bephambi kwemekobume yolawulo eguqukayo yolondolozo nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwamanzi.
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuchaphazela unikezelo lwamanzi kunye nomgangatho wamanzi. Izaqhwithi ezinamandla kunye nezikhukhula zisenokonakalisa imithombo yamanzi, ukwandisa ukwanda kongcoliso, kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle kunokukhokelela ekungeneni kwamanzi etyuwa. Imbalela ixesha elide inciphisa amanzi akhoyo, kunye namazwe amaninzi aseNtshona, kubandakanya iArizona, California kunye neNevada, ibeka izithintelo zolondolozo ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamanzi kwiColorado River Basin.
Iziseko zobonelelo ngamanzi nazo zifuna uphuculo olukhulu notyalo-mali. Kuphononongo lwayo lwamva nje lweemfuno zamanzi acocekileyo, i-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kokusiNgqongileyo yase-US (EPA) yafumanisa ukuba i-630 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi iya kufuneka kwiminyaka elandelayo ye-20 ukubonelela ngamanzi acocekileyo aneleyo, kunye ne-55% yaloo nkxaso-mali efunekayo kwiziseko ezingundoqo zamanzi amdaka. [2] Ezinye zezi mfuno zisuka kwimigangatho emitsha yokucocwa kwamanzi, kuqukwa noMthetho waManzi aSelwayo aKhuselekileyo kunye nomthetho obeka amanqanaba aphezulu emichiza efana nenitrogen kunye nephosphorus. Inkqubo esebenzayo yokuhluza ibalulekile ekususeni ezi zingcolisi kunye nokubonelela ngomthombo wamanzi akhuselekileyo nacocekileyo.
Imithetho yePFAS ayichaphazeli kuphela imigangatho yokukhutshwa kwamanzi, kodwa ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo itekhnoloji yokucoca. Ngenxa yokuba i-fluorinated compounds yomelele, ibe yinto eqhelekileyo kwezinye iimbumba, ezifana ne-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Abavelisi be-Membrane filter kufuneka baphuhlise ezinye izinto ezingenayo i-PTFE okanye ezinye iikhemikhali ze-PFAS ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zolawulo olutsha.
Njengoko amashishini amaninzi kunye noorhulumente besamkela iinkqubo ezomeleleyo ze-ESG, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi yobushushu kuba yeyona nto iphambili. Ukuveliswa kombane ngowona mthombo uphambili wokukhupha izinto ezikhutshwayo, kwaye ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokubanzi ngumlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokuphumeza iinjongo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lokusiNgqongileyo inika ingxelo yokuba amanzi okusela kunye nezityalo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka ngokuqhelekileyo ngabona basebenzisi bamandla amakhulu koomasipala, bathatha i-30 ukuya kwi-40 yeepesenti yokusetyenziswa kwamandla. [3] Amaqela obutyebi bamanzi, afana ne-American Water Alliance, abandakanya izixhobo zamanzi ezizinikele ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse kwicandelo lamanzi ngokusebenzisa izicwangciso zokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nolawulo lwamanzi oluzinzileyo. Kubenzi bokucoca i-membrane, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kubalulekile xa usebenzisa nabuphi na ubuchwephesha obutsha.
Sinokubonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokujonga iiparitha ezahlukeneyo zomgangatho wamanzi
Le probe yenzwa yenziwe nge-PTFE (Teflon) impahla, enganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion kwaye ingasetyenziselwa emanzini olwandle, i-aquaculture kunye namanzi ane-pH ephezulu kunye ne-corrosion enamandla.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-09-2024