Imfuno ekhulayo yamanzi acocekileyo ibangela ukunqongophala kwamanzi kwihlabathi liphela. Njengoko inani labantu liqhubeka likhula kwaye abantu abaninzi befudukela kwiindawo zasezidolophini, iinkonzo zamanzi zijongene nemingeni emininzi enxulumene nokunikezelwa kwamanzi kunye nemisebenzi yazo yokucoca. Ulawulo lwamanzi lwengingqi alunakubethwa ngoyaba, njengoko iZizwe eziManyeneyo ziqikelela ukuba izixeko zithatha i-12% yazo zonke iindlela zokukhupha amanzi acocekileyo. [1] Ukongeza kwimfuno ekhulayo yamanzi, iinkonzo zamanzi ziyasokola ukuthobela imithetho emitsha malunga nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi, imigangatho yonyango lwamanzi amdaka, kunye namanyathelo okugcina uzinzo ngelixa zijongene neziseko zophuhliso ezidala kunye nemali encinci.
Amashishini amaninzi nawo asengozini yokunqongophala kwamanzi. Amanzi adla ngokusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokwenza ukupholisa nokucoca, kwaye amanzi amdaka avelayo kufuneka acocwe ngaphambi kokuba asetyenziswe kwakhona okanye abuyiselwe kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo kunzima kakhulu ukuzisusa, ezifana namasuntswana eoyile amancinci, kwaye zinokwenza intsalela efuna unyango olukhethekileyo. Iindlela zonyango lwamanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso kufuneka zibe nexabiso eliphantsi kwaye zikwazi ukunyanga amanzi amdaka amaninzi kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo kunye namanqanaba e-pH.
Ukufikelela ekuhluzweni okusebenzayo kakhulu yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuphuhlisa isizukulwana esilandelayo sezisombululo zonyango lwamanzi. Ii-membranes zokucoca eziphambili zibonelela ngendlela yonyango esebenza kakuhle kakhulu neyonga amandla, kwaye abavelisi bahlala bephuhlisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezakhiwo zoshishino nezomasipala kwaye bahlale bephambili kwimeko-bume etshintshayo yokulawula ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona.
Utshintsho lwemozulu luchaphazela unikezelo lwamanzi kunye nomgangatho wamanzi. Izivuthuvuthu ezinkulu kunye nezikhukula zingonakalisa unikezelo lwamanzi, zinyuse ukusasazeka kongcoliseko, kwaye ukunyuka kwamanqanaba olwandle kunokukhokelela ekungeneni kwamanzi anetyuwa okwandileyo. Imbalela ende inciphisa amanzi afumanekayo, kwaye amazwe aliqela aseNtshona, kuquka iArizona, iCalifornia kunye neNevada, abeka imiqathango yolondolozo ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamanzi kwiColorado River Basin.
Iziseko zobonelelo lwamanzi nazo zifuna uphuculo olukhulu kunye notyalo-mali. Kuphononongo lwayo lwamva nje lweemfuno zeendawo zamanzi ezicocekileyo, i-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ifumanise ukuba i-$630 yeebhiliyoni iya kufuneka kwiminyaka engama-20 ezayo ukubonelela ngamanzi acocekileyo aneleyo, kwaye i-55% yaloo mali iyafuneka kwiziseko zobonelelo lwamanzi amdaka. [2] Ezinye zezi mfuno zivela kwimigangatho emitsha yonyango lwamanzi, kuquka uMthetho waManzi okuNwa aKhuselekileyo kunye nomthetho omisela amanqanaba aphezulu eekhemikhali ezifana ne-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus. Inkqubo yokucoca esebenzayo ibalulekile ekususeni ezi zinto zingcolisayo kunye nokubonelela ngomthombo wamanzi okhuselekileyo nococekileyo.
Imithetho ye-PFAS ayichaphazeli nje kuphela imigangatho yokukhupha amanzi, kodwa ikwachaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iteknoloji yokucoca. Ngenxa yokuba iikhompawundi ezifakwe i-fluorinated zihlala ixesha elide, ziye zaba zizinto eziqhelekileyo kwezinye ii-membrane, ezifana ne-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Abavelisi bezihluzi ze-membrane kufuneka bavelise ezinye izinto ezingenayo i-PTFE okanye ezinye iikhemikhali ze-PFAS ukuze bahlangabezane neemfuno ezintsha zomthetho.
Njengoko amashishini amaninzi kunye noorhulumente besamkela iinkqubo ze-ESG eziqinileyo, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ubushushu kuba yinto ephambili. Ukuveliswa kombane ngumthombo ophambili wokukhutshwa kwegesi, kwaye ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokubanzi yindlela ebalulekileyo yokufezekisa iinjongo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo ixela ukuba amanzi okusela kunye nezityalo zokunyanga amanzi amdaka zihlala zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumasipala, zibanga i-30 ukuya kwi-40 ekhulwini yamandla asetyenziswayo. [3] Amaqela emithombo yamanzi, njenge-American Water Alliance, aquka iinkonzo zamanzi ezizinikele ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ukufudumala komhlaba kwicandelo lamanzi ngokusebenzisa amaqhinga okunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nolawulo lwamanzi oluzinzileyo. Kubavelisi bokucoca i-membrane, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kubalulekile xa kusetyenziswa nayiphi na iteknoloji entsha.
Singabonelela ngee-sensors ezahlukeneyo ukujonga iiparameter ezahlukeneyo zomgangatho wamanzi
Le probe yenzwa yenziwe ngezinto zePTFE (Teflon), ezimelana nokugqwala kwaye zingasetyenziswa emanzini olwandle, ekufuyweni kwezilwanyana zasemanzini nasemanzini ane-pH ephezulu kunye nokugqwala okunamandla.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-09-2024