Kwixesha lobuchwepheshe bokuqikelelwa kwesathelayithi kunye neradar, uthungelwano olubanzi lwezikhululo zokulinganisa imvula ezisasazwe kuzo zonke iindawo ezidolophini nasemaphandleni kwihlabathi liphela zihleli ngowona mthombo usisiseko nothembekileyo wedatha yomlinganiselo wemvula. Ezi geyiji zibonelela ngenkxaso eyimfuneko kuthintelo lwezandyondyo kunye nolawulo lobutyebi bamanzi.
1. Ukujongana neMingeni yeMozulu: iMfuno yeHlabathi yoKujongwa kweMvula
Ihlabathi lijongene neziganeko zemozulu ezixhaphakileyo. Ukusuka kwizaqhwithi ze-monsoon kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia ukuya kwimbalela kwi-Horn ye-Afrika, ukusuka kwiinkanyamba kwi-Caribbean ukuya kwi-waterlogging yasezidolophini ngequbuliso, ukujonga imvula echanekileyo kuye kwaba yimfuneko yokuthintela intlekele kunye nokhuseleko lwamanzi kwihlabathi jikelele.
Kwixesha lophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwesathelayithi yemozulu kunye nobuchwephesha beradar yemozulu, iigeyiji zemvula ziyaqhubeka ukudlala indima engenakuphinda ithathelwe indawo kuthungelwano lokubeka iliso lwemeteorological kunye nolwendalo lwamanzi ngenxa yokulula, ukuthembeka, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye nokuchaneka kwedatha. Ahlala engumqolo opheleleyo wokujongwa kwemvula, ngakumbi kumazwe asakhasayo aneziseko ezingundoqo ezibuthathaka.
2. IiSentinels eziThulileyo: Izitishi zeGlobal Monitoring iipateni zeMozulu
Kwiingingqi ezininzi zehlabathi ezithanda ukuba neentlekele zempuphuma rhoqo, iigeyiji zemvula zenza umgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela kwiinkqubo zokulumkisa kwangaphambili. Kuyo yonke iGangetic Plain yaseIndiya, eBangladesh, eIndonesia nakumazwe amaninzi akuMbindi noMzantsi Merika, ezi zixhobo zilula zinikela esona siseko singqalileyo sokulumkisa nxamnye nezikhukula, izikhukula zodaka nezikhukula zemilambo.
Le mimandla inabemi abaninzi isesichengeni sokuna kwemvula emandla enokubangela ukuphulukana nobomi kunye nempahla. Ngokuhambisa amanethiwekhi okulinganisa imvula, amasebe emozulu angakhupha izilumkiso ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezinokuthi zichaphazeleke xa imvula eqokelelweyo ifikelela kwimida eyingozi, ukuthenga ixesha elixabisekileyo lokufuduka kunye nokusabela kweentlekele.
Kwiingingqi ezinqongopheleyo zamanzi ezinje ngeAfrika ekwi-sub-Saharan, kumaphandle aseOstreliya, okanye kuMbindi Mpuma, imilimitha nganye yemvula ibalulekile. Idatha eqokelelwe kwiigeyiji zemvula inceda amasebe okusebenza kwamanzi ukubala ngokuchanekileyo ukuba imvula iphinda izalise imilambo, amachibi namanzi aphantsi komhlaba.
Olu lwazi lwenza isiseko senzululwazi sokwabiwa kwamanzi okunkcenkceshela ezolimo, ukulawula amanzi okusela, kunye nokuqulunqa amacebo okusabela imbalela. Ngaphandle kwale datha isisiseko, nasiphi na isigqibo solawulo lobutyebi bamanzi siya kufana “nokuzama ukupheka ngaphandle kwerayisi.”
Kumazwe amaninzi asaphuhlayo apho ulimo luyintsika yezoqoqosho lwelizwe kwaye luyimfuneko ekukhuselekeni kokuphila, idatha yemvula isebenza "njengekhampasi" yemveliso yezolimo phakathi kwezinto ezixhomekeke kwimvula.
Ukusuka kumasimi ekofu eKenya ukuya kumasimi engqolowa e-Indiya okanye kwi-rice paddies e-Vietnam, ii-gauges zemvula zinceda amafama kunye namasebe ezolimo ukuba aqonde iipatheni zemvula, ukulungelelanisa izicwangciso zokutyala, ukuvavanya iimfuno zamanzi ezityalo, kunye nokubonelela ubungqina obunenjongo kumabango e-inshurensi kunye noncedo lukarhulumente emva kweentlekele.
3. Inkqubo yaseTshayina: Ukwakha iNethiwekhi yokuHlola yokuHlola
Njengelinye lamazwe achaphazeleka kakhulu ziintlekele zezandyondyo kwihlabathi jikelele, i-China iye yaseka olona thungelwano loqwalaselo lwemozulu olukhulu nolubanzi emhlabeni, kuquka amashumi amawaka eegeyiji zemvula ezilawulwa ngabantu nezizisebenzelayo.
Ezi zixhobo, zibekwe ukusuka eluphahleni lwedolophu ukuya kwiindawo ezikude zeentaba, zenza inkqubo edibeneyo yokuhlola kunye neyokuvala “isibhakabhaka-mhlaba”. E-China, idatha yokujongwa kwemvula ayinikeli kuphela izilumkiso zemozulu kunye nezikhukula kodwa idityaniswe ngokunzulu kulawulo lwedolophu.
Impendulo engxamisekileyo kwimibhobho yamanzi nakwimibhobho emikhulu efana neBeijing, iShanghai, neShenzhen ixhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kuthungelwano lokujonga imvula exinana kakhulu. Xa imvula yexeshana elifutshane kuyo nayiphi na indawo idlula imilinganiselo ebekiweyo, amasebe kamasipala anokukhawuleza aqalise iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zonxunguphalo olungxamisekileyo aze asebenzise izibonelelo zokujongana nezikhukhula ezinokubakho ezidolophini.
4. Ukuzivelela kweTekhnoloji: Izixhobo zesiNtu Fumana uBomi obutsha
Nangona umgaqo-siseko osisiseko weegeyiji zemvula ungatshintshanga ngokwesiseko kwiinkulungwane, uhlobo lwazo lobuchwepheshe luye lwavela kakhulu. Iigeyiji zemvula ezilawulwa ngumntu zitshintshwa ngokuthe ngcembe zizitishi zemvula ezizisebenzelayo.
Ezi zikhululo ezizenzekelayo zisebenzisa iinzwa zokubona imvula ngexesha langempela kunye nokuhambisa idatha ngaphandle kwamacingo kumaziko edatha ngeteknoloji ye-IoT, iphucula kakhulu ixesha ledatha kunye nokuthembeka. Ngokuchasene nemeko yokutshintsha kwemozulu yehlabathi, uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe luqinisa intsebenziswano ekuhloleni imvula.
IWorld Meteorological Organisation (WMO) ikhuthaza ngokusebenzayo ukusekwa kweGlobal Integrated Observing System, iququzelela ukwabelana ngamazwe ngedatha nolwazi ngemozulu ngeli lixa inceda amazwe asakhulayo anesakhono sokuhlola esibuthathaka aphucule iinkqubo zawo zokujongana nemingeni yehlabathi ngokudibeneyo.
Ukusuka kwiindawo ezithandwa zizikhukula zase-Bangladesh ukuya kwiifama ezithwaxwa yimbalela eKenya, ukusuka kwizixeko ezinkulu zaseTshayina ukuya kwiziqithi ezincinci zePasifiki, ezi zilinganisi zemvula zibonakala zilula zimi njengabagadi abathembekileyo, zisebenza 24/7 ukuqokelela yonke imilimitha yemvula kwaye iyiguqule ibe yidatha ebalulekileyo.
Imilinganiselo yemvula iya kuhlala iyeyona ndlela isisiseko, ethembekileyo, kunye neyoqoqosho yokulinganisa imvula yehlabathi kwixesha elizayo elibonakalayo, ukuqhubeka nokubonelela ngenkxaso esisiseko engenakubuyiselwa ekunciphiseni iintlekele, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwamanzi, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo kwihlabathi jikelele.
Iseti epheleleyo yeeseva kunye nemodyuli yesoftware engenazingcingo, ixhasa iRS485 GPRS / 4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
Ukufumana igeyiji yemvula eyongezelelekileyo ulwazi,
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Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-28-2025