ENyakatho yeMakedoniya, ezolimo, njengeshishini elibalulekileyo, lijongene nomngeni wokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yezolimo. Kutshanje, itekhnoloji entsha, inzwa yomhlaba, ithe cwaka ibeka utshintsho lwezolimo kulo mhlaba, izisa ithemba elitsha kumafama asekuhlaleni.
Ukutyala ngokuchanekileyo kuvumela umhlaba ukuba wandise amandla awo
I-Topography kunye neemeko zomhlaba zaseMantla eMakedoni zinzima kwaye zihluke, kwaye ukuchuma komhlaba kunye nokufuma kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwahluke kakhulu. Ngaphambili, abalimi babethembele kumava ukuze baqhube imisebenzi yokulima, kwaye kwakunzima ukuhlangabezana ngokuchanekileyo neemfuno zezityalo. Oko kwatshintsha kakhulu xa umlimi wazisa izixhobo zokuva umhlaba. Ezi zivamvo zinokubeka iliso kwizalathisi eziphambili ezifana ne-pH yomhlaba, i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus kunye nomxholo we-potassium, ukufuma kunye nobushushu ngexesha lokwenyani. Ngedatha eyondliwe ziinzwa, amafama anokuqinisekisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zezityalo ezifanelekileyo ukutyalwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwaye baphuhlise inkqubo yokuchumisa yobuqu kunye nokunkcenkceshela. Ngokomzekelo, kwindawo apho umhlaba uphantsi kwi-nitrogen, i-sensor data ikhuthaza umlimi ukuba andise umthamo we-nitrogen kwaye alungelelanise ukuphindaphinda kokunkcenkceshela ngokusekelwe kumswakama womhlaba. Ngenxa yoko, izivuno zezityalo kwiploti zinyuke ngama-25% xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elidlulileyo, kwaye imveliso ikumgangatho olungileyo kwaye ikhuphisana ngakumbi emarikeni.
Ukunciphisa iindleko nokuphucula izibonelelo zoqoqosho kwezolimo
Kumafama aseMantla eMakedoni, ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso ngundoqo ekuphuculeni imbuyekezo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zomhlaba kunceda amafama aqonde ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwemithombo kwaye aphephe inkcitho. Kumasimi eediliya, abanini badla ngokutyala imali egqithileyo ekuchumiseni nasekunkcenkcesheleni ngaphambili, nto leyo enganyusi nje iindleko, kodwa inokuba nefuthe elibi kumhlaba nakwimekobume. Ngokufakela izinzwa zomhlaba, abalimi banokulawula ngokuchanekileyo inani lesichumisi kunye namanzi abawasebenzisayo ngokusekelwe kulwazi abalunikayo malunga nezondlo zomhlaba kunye nokufuma. Ekuhambeni konyaka, ukusetyenziswa kwesichumiso kuye kwehliswa nge 20%, amanzi okunkcenkceshela ongiwe nge 30%, kwaye isivuno nomgangatho wediliya awuchaphazelekanga kwaphela. Abanini bavuyiswa kukuba izivamvo zomhlaba azinciphisi iindleko zemveliso kuphela, kodwa zenza ulawulo lwesidiliya lusebenze ngakumbi ngokwenzululwazi nangempumelelo.
Ukujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuqinisekisa uphuhliso lwezolimo oluzinzileyo
Njengoko iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu zibonakala ngakumbi, ezolimo eMntla eMakedoni zijongene nokungaqiniseki. Izinzwa zomhlaba zinokunceda amafama ukuba amelane ngcono nemingeni ebangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu kwaye aqinisekise uphuhliso lwezolimo oluzinzileyo. Kwiindawo ekulinywa kuzo ingqolowa, imozulu embi kakhulu kule minyaka yakutshanje ikhokelele ekuguquguqukeni okubukhali kokufuma komhlaba namaqondo obushushu, nto leyo echaphazela ngokunzulu ukukhula kwengqolowa. Amafama asebenzisa izivamvo zomhlaba ukujonga imeko yomhlaba ngexesha lokwenyani, kwaye xa isivamvo sifumanisa ukuba ubushushu bomhlaba buphezulu kakhulu okanye ukufuma kuphantsi kakhulu, umlimi unokuthatha amanyathelo ahambelanayo ngexesha, okufana ne-shading kunye nokupholisa okanye ukunkcenkceshela okongeziweyo. Ngale ndlela, kwimeko yemozulu embi, imveliso yengqolowa kulo mmandla isagcina isivuno esizinzile, sinciphisa impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu kwimveliso yezolimo.
Iingcali zezoLimo zibonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweenzwa zomhlaba eNyakatho yeMakedoniya kunika inkxaso eqinile yokuguqulwa kwezolimo zasekhaya ukusuka kwiimodeli zemveli ukuya ngokuchanekileyo, okusebenzayo kunye nokugcinwa kwezolimo zanamhlanje. Ngokukhuthazwa ngakumbi kunye nokuthandwa kobu buchwepheshe, kulindeleke ukuba ikhuthaze ishishini lezolimo eMntla eMakedoniya ukufezekisa umtsi osemgangathweni, ukuzisa inzuzo yezoqoqosho kumafama, kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kwezolimo. Kukholelwa ukuba kwixesha elizayo elingekude, izinzwa zomhlaba ziya kuba zisemgangathweni kwimveliso yezolimo eNyakatho yeMakedoniya, inceda ezolimo zasekhaya ukuba zibhale isahluko esitsha esiqaqambileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-11-2025