Izinzwa zomhlaba zesinye sezisombululo ezibonakalise ukuba ziluncedo kakhulu kwiindlela ezincinci kwaye zinokuba luncedo kakhulu kwezolimo.
Zithini iiSensors zomhlaba?
Izinzwa zilandelela imeko yomhlaba, zivumela ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kunye nohlalutyo lwexesha langempela. Izinzwa zinokulandelela phantse naluphi na uphawu lomhlaba, njenge-DNA yeentsholongwane ezihlala apho, ukuze zitshintshe ibhalansi iye kwi-microbiome yomhlaba enempilo, isivuno esongezelelekileyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa okuncitshisiweyo kwezixhobo.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeenzwa kwezolimo zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngemiqondiso yombane kunye nokulinganisa ukubonakaliswa kwamaza okukhanya, ukuqinisekisa iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zentsimi ezinokuguqula imisebenzi yezolimo.
Iintlobo zeeSensors zomhlaba
Izinzwa zomhlaba zinokulinganisa iimpawu zomhlaba ezifana nomxholo wokufuma, ubushushu, i-pH, ityuwa, ukufuma, imitha ye-photosynthetic, kunye nokulinganisela kwezondlo—ikakhulu i-nitrogen ebalulekileyo, i-phosphorus, kunye ne-potassium (NPK).
Ukongeza kwiingenelo zolawulo lwezityalo, ezinje ngomgangatho ongcono weenkozo kunye nokuncipha kokutsalwa kwezondlo, izixhobo zokuhlola umhlaba zinokwazisa uqikelelo malunga nezixhobo zamanzi, uzinzo lomhlaba, kunye notshintsho lwemozulu.
Ezinye iimeko zokusetyenziswa ziquka ucwangciso lokunkcenkceshela, uvavanyo lweendawo zamanzi, iprofayili ye-microbial ecology, kunye nokuthintela izifo zezityalo.
Iingenelo Zokusebenzisa IiSensor Zomhlaba
Ukulandelela imeko yomhlaba kubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kubalimi nakubalimi, kubandakanya ukwanda kwesivuno sesivuno kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo. IoT, iinkonzo zelifu, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-AI kuvumela abalimi ukuba benze izigqibo eziqhutywa yidatha.
Izinzwa ziphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezichumiso, zigcina izityalo ziphilile, zisebenzise izixhobo ezininzi, kwaye zinciphisa ukugeleza kwamanzi kunye nokuphuma kwegesi okuhlasela okusingqongileyo. Ukubekwa esweni rhoqo kukwathintela iingxaki, ezinje ngokuqhambuka kwezifo okanye ukuxinana komhlaba.
Ukubeka esweni imeko yomhlaba kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokuhlola umhlaba kunokunceda ekusetyenzisweni kwezichumisi namanzi.'Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga ne-30% yesichumiso se-nitrate esisetyenziswa e-US siyawahlamba kwaye singcolise imithombo yamanzi. Neenkqubo zokunkcenkceshela ezinobuchule zinokufikelela kwi-50% yokuchitha amanzi, kwaye ezolimo zinoxanduva lwe-70% yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi acocekileyo kwihlabathi liphela. Ukukwazi ukuzalisa ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo ukufuma komhlaba kunokuba nempembelelo enkulu.
Ukufaka kunye nokulinganisa iiSensors zomhlaba
Isensor nganye iya kuba nesikhokelo sayo sokufakela, kodwa ukufakela kudla ngokufuna ukumba umngxuma okanye umsele ngaphakathi komqolo wezityalo kunye nokubeka iisensor kubunzulu obahlukeneyo, kuquka kufutshane neengcambu zezityalo.
Kwindawo enkulu, iindlela ezilungileyo zokulawula ziyalela ukuba kubekwe kwiindawo ezibonisa lonke uhlobo lomhlaba okanye uhlobo lomhlaba ekufuneka lulawulwe, kufutshane nezikhuphi zamanzi, kwaye zidibene ngqo nomhlaba (oko kukuthi, akukho zipokotho zomoya). Iindawo zokuva kufuneka ziphawulwe okanye ziphawulwe ngenye indlela kumphezulu ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo owenzeka ngengozi.
Ukongeza ekufakelweni ngokufanelekileyo, ukulinganiswa kwenzwa kubalulekile. Iisensa zomhlaba zibhalisa idatha yokufuma komhlaba njengoMxholo wamanzi oMthamo (VWC), kwaye uhlobo ngalunye lomhlaba luneVWC yalo. Iisensa zokufuma komhlaba zihlala zineemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye zinokufuna ukulinganiswa nganye nganye.
Ukulungisa ingxaki
Ukusilela kwezixhobo kunokubakho ngenxa yeengxaki zombane, ukuphazamiseka okuvela kwizilwanyana zasendle, okanye iingcingo ezingasebenzi kakuhle. Naluphi na umoya ovuza kwi-tensiometer uya kuyenza ingathembeki. Ukuqinisekisa ubunzulu obuchanekileyo bokufakelwa kunye neendlela zokuthintela ukungenwa kwamanzi kunokunceda ekuphepheni iingxaki zexesha elizayo.
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusombulula iingxaki ziquka:
Ukuchonga umbane kunye neesekethe
Ukucoca izinzwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iikhemikhali
Ukwenza ulondolozo rhoqo ukuze kutshintshwe iindawo ezonakeleyo ngokutsho komenzi'isikhokelo sokulungisa
Ukubeka iliso kwiMpilo yoMhlaba
Izinzwa zomhlaba zibonelela ngecebo elichanekileyo nelilungeleleneyo lokuvavanya impilo yomhlaba. Uvavanyo lomhlaba oluqhelekileyo lufana ne-biopsy, enokuthabatha iiveki okanye iinyanga, kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zomhlaba.
Ukulinganiswa kwezixhobo zokuvavanya kukhawuleza kakhulu, kuthatha iyure okanye ezimbini kwi-50 yeehektare. Ezi zixhobo zokuvavanya zibonisa yonke into efunekayo ukuze kulawulwe izityalo ngokufanelekileyo, kuquka umthamo wamanzi, uxinzelelo lwamanzi, kunye nokuba khona kwezinto eziphilayo.—isalathisi esihle sempilo yomhlaba iyonke—ngaphandle kwesidingo sokususa iisampulu zomhlaba ngokwasemzimbeni.
Ukuhlanganiswa neeNkqubo zoLawulo lweeFama
Ngokwengxelo yeStartUS Insights, izinzwa zomhlaba zezona teknoloji zokujonga umhlaba ezinempembelelo kakhulu ngenxa yokukhula kwazo, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokusebenza kwazo. Ukudibanisa izinzwa zomhlaba nezinye iindlela zobuchwepheshe zokulima ezikhulayo, kubandakanya imephu yomhlaba esebenzisa i-AI, imifanekiso ye-aerial, iirobhothi zokujonga umhlaba ngokuzenzekelayo, izilandeleli zokukhupha umbane, uhlalutyo lomhlaba oluphuculweyo, i-nanotechnology, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-blockchain, kunokuphucula ulawulo lwefama.
Imingeni kunye nezisombululo kwiTekhnoloji yeSensor yoMhlaba
Ngokusekelwe kwingxelo yeYunivesithi yaseNebraska ka-2020, yi-12% kuphela yeefama zaseMelika ezisebenzisa izinzwa zokufuma komhlaba ukumisela iishedyuli zokunkcenkceshela. Izinzwa zomhlaba ziye zasebenza ngakumbi ngenxa yophuculo olukhulu ekufikelelekeni, ukuba lula ukuyisebenzisa, kunye nokukwazi ukucutshungulwa kwedatha kunye nokukwazi ukuyibonisa, kodwa kufuneka inkqubela phambili engaphezulu.
Iisensa zomhlaba kufuneka zisebenzise imali eninzi kwaye zikwazi ukusebenzisana ukuze zisetyenziswe kwihlabathi liphela. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeesensa, nto leyo ebangela ukungabikho komgangatho kunye nokuhambelana.
Iiteknoloji ezininzi ezikhoyo zixhomekeke kwiisensa ezizimeleyo, nto leyo enokwenza kube nzima ukwenza ngokwezifiso. Uphuhliso kwitekhnoloji yeesensa, njengaleyo yenziwe yi-UC Berkeley, lwenza kube lula ukungenisa idatha ukuze kubonelelwe ngokubekwa esweni kwedatha ephilayo kwaye kukhuthazwe ukwenziwa kwezigqibo ngokukhawuleza kuzo zonke iinkalo nakwiimarike.
Izifundo zeTyala: Ukuphunyezwa ngempumelelo kweeSensors zomhlaba
Izinzwa Zomhlaba Zinceda Abalimi Bonge Amanzi Nemali
Uphononongo lweYunivesithi yaseClemson lufumanise ukuba izixhobo zokuva ukufuma komhlaba zinokwandisa abalimi'ingeniso esemgangathweni eyi-20% ngokunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kokunkcenkceshela kwiindawo ezivavanyiweyo ezityale amandongomane, iimbotyi zesoya, okanye umqhaphu.
Amabala eMidlalo aZinzileyo ngakumbi
Iindawo zemidlalo nazo zisebenzisa izixhobo zokuhlola umhlaba. IWembley Stadium kunye neCitizens Bank Park (ikhaya lePhiladelphia Phillies) ziphakathi kweendawo zemidlalo ezisebenzisa izixhobo zokuhlola umhlaba ukugcina indawo yokudlala iluhlaza ngelixa zisebenzisa amanzi namandla kakhulu, ngokutsho komenzi wezixhobo zokuhlola umhlaba iSoil Scout.
Iindlela Zekamva Kwiteknoloji Yezinzwa Zomhlaba
Iindlela ezintsha ziquka i-nanotechnology, kunye nee-nano-particles ezisekelwe kwigolide okanye kwisilivere ezonyusa uvakalelo lwe-sensor lokufumanisa ungcoliseko lomhlaba njengeentsimbi ezinzima.
Izinzwa ezigqunywe ngee-nano-compounds zinokulandela iimpawu zomhlaba zize zikhuphe izondlo, ezifana neoksijini, ngenxa yokutshintshatshintsha komgangatho womhlaba. Ezinye zibala izalathisi zezinto eziphilayo, ezifana nokubalwa kwemibungu yomhlaba, okanye ukwahlukahlukana kwezinto ezincinci, ngokusebenzisa uhlalutyo lwe-DNA, ukuphucula i-microbiome yomhlaba.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-09-2024