1. Ityala lokuJonga iMeteorology yaseDolophini kunye nesilumkiso kwangethuba
(I) Imvelaphi yeProjekthi
Kuphononongo lwemozulu kwisixeko esikhulu saseOstreliya, izixhobo zemveli zokujonga imozulu zinemida ethile ekubekeni iliso kwiinguqu zenkqubo yelifu, iindawo zemvula kunye nobukhulu, kwaye kunzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zenkonzo yemozulu esulungekileyo yesixeko. Ngokukodwa xa kwenzeka imozulu ye-convective ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza, akunakwenzeka ukukhupha izilumkiso kwangethuba ngexesha elifanelekileyo nangendlela echanekileyo, ebeka ingozi enkulu kubomi babahlali basezidolophini, ezothutho kunye nokhuseleko loluntu. Ukuze kuphuculwe isakhono sokuhlola imozulu kunye nokulumkisa kwangethuba, amasebe afanelekileyo azise imifanekiso yesibhakabhaka.
(II) Isisombululo
Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesixeko, ezifana nezikhululo zokujonga imozulu, uphahla lwezakhiwo eziphakamileyo kunye nezinye iindawo ezivulekileyo, imifanekiso yesibhakabhaka emininzi ifakiwe. Aba bafaneli bemifanekiso basebenzisa iilensi ezibanzi ukuze babambe imifanekiso yesibhakabhaka ngexesha lokwenyani, basebenzise ukuqondwa komfanekiso kunye neteknoloji yokucubungula ukuhlalutya ubukhulu, isantya sentshukumo, indlela yophuhliso lwamafu, njl. njl., kwaye idibanise nedatha efana ne-meteorological radar kunye nemifanekiso yelifu lesathelayithi. Idatha iqhagamshelwe kuhlolo lwemozulu yasezidolophini kunye nenkqubo yokulumkisa kwangethuba ukuze kuphunyezwe uhlolo olungaphazamisekiyo lweeyure ezingama-24. Zakuba zifunyenwe iimpawu zemozulu engaqhelekanga, le nkqubo iyazikhupha ngokuzenzekelayo ulwazi olulumkisayo kwangethuba kumasebe afanelekileyo nakuluntu.
(III) Isiphumo sophumezo
Emva kokuba umfuziselo wesibhakabhaka usetyenzisiwe, ubukho bexesha kunye nokuchaneka kohlolo lwemozulu edolophini kunye nesilumkiso kwangethuba kwaphuculwa kakhulu. Ngethuba lesiganeko esibi semozulu, ukuphuhliswa kwefu kunye nomzila wokuhamba kwajongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwiiyure ze-2 kwangaphambili, okunike ulawulo lwezikhukhula zedolophu, ukuchithwa kwezithuthi kunye namanye amasebe ixesha elaneleyo lokuphendula. Xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elidlulileyo, ukuchaneka kwezilumkiso zemozulu kuye kwanda ngama-30%, kwaye ukwaneliseka koluntu ngeenkonzo zemozulu kunyuke ukusuka kuma-70% ukuya kuma-85%, ukunciphisa ngempumelelo ilahleko yezoqoqosho kunye neengozi ezibangelwa ziintlekele zemozulu.
2. Ityala leSiqinisekiso soKhuseleko lweSikhululo seenqwelomoya
(I) Imvelaphi yeProjekthi
Ngexesha lokunduluka kunye nokuhla kweenqwelo-moya kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya empuma yeUnited States, amafu asezantsi, ukubonakala kunye nezinye iimeko zemozulu zinempembelelo enkulu. Isixhobo sokuqala sokujonga imozulu asichanekanga ngokwaneleyo ukuba sibeke iliso kutshintsho lwemozulu kwindawo encinci ejikeleze isikhululo seenqwelomoya. Kwilifu eliphantsi, inkungu kunye nezinye iimeko zemozulu, kunzima ukugweba ngokuchanekileyo ukubonakala komgaqo weenqwelo-moya, okwandisa umngcipheko wokulibaziseka kweenqwelo-moya, ukucinywa kunye neengozi zokhuseleko, ezichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwesikhululo seenqwelomoya kunye nokhuseleko lokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya. Ukuphucula le meko, isikhululo seenqwelomoya siye sasebenzisa umfanekiso wesibhakabhaka.
(II) Isisombululo
Imifanekiso yesibhakabhaka echanekileyo ifakwe kuzo zozibini iziphelo zesikhululo seenqwelomoya kunye neendawo eziphambili ezisingqongileyo ukuze kubekwe iliso kwaye kuhlalutywe izinto zemozulu ezinje ngamafu, ukubonakala, kunye nemvula ngaphezulu nakufutshane nesikhululo seenqwelomoya ngexesha lokwenyani. Imifanekiso ethathwe ngumfanekiso igqithiselwa kwiziko lemozulu kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya ngothungelwano oluzinikeleyo, kwaye idityaniswe nedatha evela kwezinye izixhobo zemozulu ukuvelisa imephu yemeko yemozulu yendawo yesikhululo seenqwelomoya. Xa iimeko zemeteorological zisondele okanye zifikelele kwixabiso elibalulekileyo lokuhamba kwendiza kunye nemigangatho yokuhlalisa, inkqubo iya kukhupha ngokukhawuleza ulwazi olulumkiso kwisebe lokulawula ukuhamba kweenqwelo moya, iinqwelomoya, njl.
(III) Isiphumo sophumezo
Emva kokufaka umfanekiso wesibhakabhaka, isakhono sokubeka iliso kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya kwiimeko ezinzima zemozulu siye saphuculwa kakhulu. Kwilifu eliphantsi kunye nemozulu enenkungu, uluhlu olubonwayo lomgaqo weenqwelo-moya lunokugwetywa ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi, lwenza ukuba inqwelomoya ihambe kunye nezigqibo zokumisa ngokwenzululwazi ngakumbi kwaye zibe nengqiqo. Izinga lokulibaziseka kwenqwelomoya lincitshiswe ngama-25%, kwaye inani lokurhoxiswa kwenqwelomoya ngenxa yezizathu zemozulu lincitshiswe ngama-20%. Kwangaxeshanye, inqanaba lokhuseleko lwenqwelomoya liphuculwe ngokufanelekileyo, liqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokuhamba lwabakhweli kunye nomyalelo wokusebenza oqhelekileyo wesikhululo seenqwelomoya.
3. I-Astronomical Observation Case yoPhando oluNcedisayo
(I) Imvelaphi yeProjekthi
Xa kusenziwa uqwalaselo lwenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi kwi-astronomical observatory e-Iceland, ichaphazeleka kakhulu yimiba yemozulu, ngakumbi i-cloud cover, eya kuphazamisana kakhulu nesicwangciso sokuphonononga. Uqikelelo lwemozulu lwemveli kunzima ukuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo utshintsho lwemozulu lwexesha elifutshane kwindawo yokuphonononga, okukhokelela ekubeni izixhobo zokuphonononga zihlala zingasebenzi kwaye zilindile, ukunciphisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuchaphazela inkqubela yomsebenzi wophando lwezenzululwazi. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kokuphononongwa kweenkwenkwezi, indawo yokuqwalasela isebenzisa umfanekiso wesibhakabhaka ukunceda ukujonga.
(II) Isisombululo
Umzobo wesibhakabhaka ufakwe kwindawo evulekileyo ye-astronomical observatory ukuze ubambe imifanekiso yesibhakabhaka ngexesha lokwenyani kwaye uhlalutye ukugutyungelwa kwamafu. Ngokunxulumanisa nezixhobo zokuphonononga ngeenkwenkwezi, xa umzobo wesibhakabhaka efumanisa ukuba kukho amafu ambalwa kwindawo yokuphonononga kunye neemeko zemozulu ezifanelekileyo, izixhobo zokujonga iinkwenkwezi ziqaliswa ngokuzenzekelayo ukuze ziqwalaselwe; ukuba ulwaleko lwamafu luyanda okanye ezinye iimeko zemozulu ezimbi zenzeka, ukuqwalaselwa kunqunyanyiswa ngexesha kwaye isilumkiso sangethuba sikhutshwa. Ngexesha elifanayo, idatha yomfanekiso wesibhakabhaka wexesha elide igcinwe kwaye ihlalutywe, kwaye iipatheni zokutshintsha kwemozulu zamanqaku okuqwalasela zishwankathelwe ukubonelela ngesalathiso sokuqulunqwa kwezicwangciso zokujonga.
(III) Isiphumo sophumezo
Emva kokuba umfanekiso wesibhakabhaka usetyenzisiwe, ixesha lokuphonononga elisebenzayo lendawo yokuphonononga ngeenkwenkwezi lenyuke ngama-35%, kwaye nesantya sokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuphonononga saphuculwa kakhulu. Abaphandi banokubamba amathuba afanelekileyo okuphonononga kwangexesha, bafumane iinkcukacha ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngakumbi zophononongo lwenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi, kwaye baye bafumana iziphumo ezitsha zophando lwezenzululwazi kwimimandla yendaleko yeenkwenkwezi nophando kumnyele, oye wakhuthaza ngempumelelo uphuhliso lophando ngeenkwenkwezi.
Umfanekiso wesibhakabhaka uyawuqonda umsebenzi wawo ngokuqokelela, ukusetyenzwa nokuhlalutya imifanekiso yesibhakabhaka. Ndiza kuqhawula ngokweenkcukacha indlela yokufumana imifanekiso, ndihlalutye izinto zemozulu kunye neziphumo eziphuma kwimiba emibini yokwakheka kwehardware kunye ne-algorithm yesoftware, kwaye ndikucacisele umgaqo wokusebenza.
Umzobo wesibhakabhaka ikakhulu ubeka iliso kwiimeko zesibhakabhaka kunye nezinto zemozulu ngokusebenzisa i-optical imaging, ukuqondwa kwemifanekiso kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlalutya idatha. Umgaqo wayo wokusebenza umi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ukufunyanwa komfanekiso: Umzobo wesibhakabhaka uxhotyiswe ngelensi ebanzi-engile okanye i-lens eyeye-fisheye, enokuthi ithathe imifanekiso ye-panoramic yesibhakabhaka nge-engile enkulu yokujonga. Uluhlu lokudubula lwezinye izixhobo lunokufikelela kwi-360 ° ring shooting, ukuze lubambe ngokupheleleyo ulwazi olufana namafu kunye nokukhanya esibhakabhakeni. I-lens iguqulela ukukhanya kwi-sensor yomfanekiso (njenge-CCD okanye i-CMOS sensor), kwaye inzwa iguqula isignali yokukhanya ibe ngumqondiso wombane okanye isignali yedijithali ukugqiba ukufunyanwa kokuqala komfanekiso.
Ukulungiswa komfanekiso: Umfanekiso oqokelelweyo wokuqala unokuba neengxaki ezifana nengxolo kunye nokukhanya okungalinganiyo, kunye nokulungiswa kwangaphambili kuyafuneka. Ingxolo yomfanekiso isusiwe ngokucoca i-algorithm, kwaye umahluko womfanekiso kunye nokukhanya kulungelelaniswa ngokulingana kwe-histogram kunye nezinye iindlela zokuphucula ukucaca kweethagethi ezifana namafu kumfanekiso wohlalutyo olulandelayo.
Ukufunyaniswa kwamafu kunye nokuchongwa: Sebenzisa i-algorithms yokuqaphela umfanekiso ukuhlalutya imifanekiso eqhutywe ngaphambili kunye nokuchonga iindawo zamafu. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-algorithms ye-threshold segmentation-based algorithms, ebeka imiqobo efanelekileyo yokwahlula amafu ukusuka kwimvelaphi esekelwe kumahluko kwi-grayscale, umbala kunye nezinye iimpawu phakathi kwamafu kunye nesibhakabhaka; i-algorithms esekelwe kumatshini wokufunda, eqeqesha inani elikhulu ledatha yomfanekiso wesibhakabhaka ukuvumela imodeli ukuba ifunde iipatheni zeempawu zamafu, ngaloo ndlela zichonge ngokuchanekileyo amafu.
Uhlalutyo lwento yemozulu:
Ukubalwa kwepharamitha yefu: Emva kokuchonga amafu, hlalutya iiparamitha ezinje ngobuninzi belifu, indawo, isantya esihambayo kunye nomkhombandlela. Ngokuthelekisa imifanekiso ethathwe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, bala utshintsho kwindawo yefu, uze ufumane isantya esihambayo kunye nolwalathiso; Uqikelelo lwamafu ngokusekwe kubungwevu okanye ulwazi lombala wamafu emfanekisweni, zidityaniswe nemodeli yosasazo lwemitha ye-atmospheri.
Uvavanyo lokubonakala: Qikelela ukubonakala kwe-atmospheric ngokuhlalutya ukucaca, ukuchasana kunye nezinye iimpawu zemiboniso ekude emfanekisweni, idibaniswe nemodeli yokusasazeka kwe-atmospheric. Ukuba imiboniso ekude emfanekisweni ayicacanga kwaye umahluko uphantsi, oko kuthetha ukuba ukubonakala kubi.
Isigwebo semeko yemozulu: Ukongeza kumafu, imifanekiso yesibhakabhaka inokuchonga ezinye iimeko zemozulu. Ngokomzekelo, ngokuhlalutya ukuba kukho amathontsi emvula, iikhephu kunye nezinye iimpawu zokukhanya ezibonakalisiweyo emfanekisweni, kunokwenzeka ukugqiba ukuba kukho imozulu yemvula; ngokombala wesibhakabhaka kunye nokutshintsha kokukhanya, kunokwenzeka ukuncedisa ekuboneni ukuba kukho iziganeko zemozulu ezifana neendudumo kunye nenkungu.
Ukusetyenzwa kwedatha kunye nesiphumo: Idatha ehlalutyiweyo ye-meteorological element efana namafu kunye nokubonakala idityanisiwe kwaye iphuma ngendlela yeetshathi ezibonakalayo, iingxelo zedatha, njl. njl
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga neenkcukacha zemigaqo yecandelo elithile lomfanekiso wesibhakabhaka, okanye umahluko kwimigaqo yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukundixelela.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-19-2025