Kwisiseko sezolimo zanamhlanje – ii-greenhouse, nangona izityalo zikhuselekile kwimozulu yendalo etshintshayo, ukunikezelwa kwamanzi, umthombo wobomi bazo – kuye kwatshintsha ukusuka ekuxhomekekeni emvuleni ukuya ekumiselweni ngokupheleleyo zizigqibo zabantu. Kangangexesha elide, ukunkcenkceshela kuye kwaxhomekeka kwisigqibo sabalimi okanye kwishedyuli emiselweyo. Le ndlela inokukhokelela ngokulula ekunikezelweni kwamanzi okungalinganiyo, okubangela uxinzelelo lweengcambu, ukulahleka kwezondlo kunye nemingcipheko yezifo. Ukuvela kwezixhobo zokuvavanya ubushushu bomhlaba kunye nokufuma kuzisa ukunkcenkceshela kwe-greenhouse ukusuka kwixesha “eliqhutywa ngamava” ukuya kwixesha “eliqhutywa yidatha” lokuchaneka, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ithontsi ngalinye lamanzi “libonelelwa ngokwenene njengoko kufuneka kwaye lilungile”.
I. Ukwahluka Kwendawo Engqongileyo Yendlu Yokugcina Izityalo Ezingcolileyo: Kutheni Idatha Yomhlaba Ibaluleke Kangaka?
Indlu eluhlaza yinkqubo yendalo elawulwayo kodwa entsonkothileyo. Xa ithelekiswa nemveliso yasendle, iimpawu zayo zahlukile:
Amanzi alawulwa ngokupheleleyo ngokwenziwa: Akukho mvula yendalo yokuwazalisa, kwaye ukunkcenkceshela kuphela komthombo wamanzi.
Ukufuma okukhulu kunye nokuphefumla: Kwindawo evaliweyo okanye evalwe kancinci, ingakumbi xa kukho ilanga elaneleyo, izinga lokufuma kwezityalo kunye nokufuma komhlaba libalulekile.
Indawo engqonge iingcambu ixinene kwaye inobuthathaka: Izityalo zityalwa zixinene, kwaye uluhlu lwemisebenzi yeengcambu luxinene. Ukusasazwa kwamanzi okungalinganiyo okanye ukuxinana kwamanzi kunokuchaphazela ngokukhawuleza impilo iyonke.
Amanzi kunye nesichumisi esilungelelaniswe kakhulu: Ukunkcenkceshela kudla ngokwenziwa ngaxeshanye nokuchumisa, kwaye ulawulo lwamanzi lunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokufumaneka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokufunxwa kwezondlo.
Ngoko ke, ukujonga ngexesha langempela nangokuchanekileyo ukufuma kunye nobushushu bomhlaba okwindawo ezele ingcambu kube sisiseko seendawo zokugcina izityalo ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo olukrelekrele nolucokisekileyo.
Ii. Indima Ephambili Yezinzwa: Ukusebenza "njengomguquleli wezinto eziphilayo" kwizityalo
Izinzwa zobushushu bomhlaba kunye nokufuma ezifakwe kwindawo yengcambu yezityalo zinexabiso eliphambili lokuguqula imeko ebonakalayo yomhlaba ibe ngumjelo wedatha oqhubekayo nolinganiswayo, ikakhulu zifezekisa ukubekwa esweni okubalulekileyo okubini:
Umthamo wamanzi omthamo: Ubonisa ngokuthe ngqo umlinganiselo wamanzi olwelo emhlabeni anokufunxwa ngqo zizityalo kwaye luphawu lwegolide lokugweba iimfuno zokunkcenkceshela.
Ubushushu bomhlaba: Buchaphazela kakhulu amandla eengcambu, izinga lokufunxwa kwamanzi kunye nezondlo, kunye nemisebenzi yeentsholongwane zomhlaba, kwaye busisiseko esibalulekileyo sokwenza ngcono amaqhinga okunkcenkceshela (njengobushushu bamanzi kunye nexesha).
Iimeko zoGuquko lweSicelo kwiiGreenhouses
Qhuba ukunkcenkceshela ngokuchanekileyo kwaye uvalelise "kwixesha elifanelekileyo" kunye "nemvakalelo"
Indlela Yokusebenza: Misela imida ephezulu nesezantsi yobungakanani bokufuma komhlaba ngokusekelwe kwizityalo ezahlukeneyo kunye namanqanaba okukhula kwazo. Xa ukujonga inzwa kubonisa ukuba inqanaba lokufuma lingaphantsi komda ophantsi, inkqubo iyenza ngokuzenzekelayo okanye ikhuthaze ukuba kuqalwe ukunkcenkceshela. Iya kuyeka ngokuzenzekelayo xa kufikwe kumda ophezulu.
Ixabiso
Ukongiwa kwamanzi okubalulekileyo: Ukuphepha ukunkcenkceshela okungasebenzi kakuhle kunye nokuvuza kwamanzi nzulu, kunokonga i-20% ukuya kwi-40% yamanzi xa kuthelekiswa nendlela eqhelekileyo yexesha.
Ukuphucula umgangatho wesivuno kunye nokuhambelana: Gcina umgangatho wokufuma komhlaba uzinzile ukuze kuncitshiswe iingxaki ezinje ngokuqhekeka kweziqhamo kunye nokuncipha kwencasa okubangelwa kukutshintshatshintsha kwamanzi.
Khuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu okunempilo: Kuphephe ukungabikho koxia kwiingcambu okubangelwa kukufuma okugqithisileyo, khuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu ezantsi, kwaye wongeze ukumelana noxinzelelo lwesityalo.
2. Lungiselela ukuhlanganiswa kwamanzi kunye nezichumiso ukuze kufezekiswe "ukutya ngokuchanekileyo"
Indlela Yokusebenza: Inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela iqalisa kwaye ilawule ngokuzenzekelayo ukwenziwa kwenkqubo yokuchumisa ngokusekelwe kwidatha yokufuma komhlaba ngexesha langempela. Qinisekisa ukuba umthamo wokunkcenkceshela uhambelana ngokuchanekileyo ukuze kuphuculwe ukuxinana kunye nexesha lokugcinwa kwesisombululo sezondlo kwindawo yengcambu.
Ixabiso: Ukwandisa kakhulu izinga lokusetyenziswa kwesichumisi, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqokelelwa kwetyuwa kwindawo yeengcambu, kunye nokufezekisa imeko yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwesichumisi ngokulinganayo ngelixa kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo.
3. Isilumkiso ngoxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo kunye nokusebenza “njengomlindi” wezifo
Indlela Yokusebenza: Indawo yomhlaba enomswakama ophezulu rhoqo yeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yokuzalisa izifo ezininzi ezithwalwa ngumhlaba, ezinje ngokufuma kunye nokubola kweengcambu. I-sensor inokujonga rhoqo kwaye ilumkise ngeemeko zokufuma okuphezulu kwexesha elide.
Ixabiso: Khumbuza abaphathi ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuba balungise izicwangciso zokunkcenkceshela okanye bathathe amanyathelo okulima, banqumle uthotho lokuvela kwezifo ngokwembono yokusingqongileyo, kwaye banciphise iindleko kunye nomngcipheko wokuthintela nokulawula.
4. Ukunika amandla iimodeli zezityalo kunye nokwenza izigqibo zesayensi
Indlela Yokusebenza: Idatha yamanzi omhlaba kunye nobushushu obuqokelelweyo ixesha elide, kunye nedatha yesikhululo semozulu se-greenhouse, ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa nokuphucula iimodeli zokulinganisa ukukhula kwezityalo.
Ixabiso: Ukuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo umjikelo wokukhula, ukwakheka kwesivuno kunye notshintsho lomgangatho wezityalo, ukubonelela ngesikhokelo sesayensi esijonge phambili sokucwangcisa imveliso, amalungiselelo abasebenzi kunye nokubonelela ngemarike.
Iv. Izinto Ezibalulekileyo Eziqwalaselweyo Ukuze Kusetyenziswe Ngokuphumelelayo
Iindawo ezimele uyilo: Zifanele zibekwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwindlu eluhlaza (ezifana neendawo zokungenisa umoya, embindini, nasekupheleni komthombo wamanzi) kunye nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokutyala izityalo ukuze zibonakalise ngokwenene umahluko wendawo okhoyo kwindawo engqongileyo.
Ukujonga ukuthelekisa ubunzulu: Ubunzulu bokufakelwa kwesensor bumiselwa ngokusekelwe kubunzulu bokusasazwa kweenkqubo eziphambili zeengcambu zezityalo (umzekelo, iitumato kunye neekhukhamba zihlala ziphakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-30 centimeters).
Ubuchwepheshe kunye nokuhambelana okuphakathi: Khetha uhlobo lwesensor oluhambelana nesiseko sokulima izityalo eziluhlaza (umhlaba, ikhokhonathi, uboya belitye, njl.njl.), kwaye uqinisekise ukuba luzinzile ixesha elide, lunyamezela ityuwa kwaye luchanekile ekulinganisweni.
V. Indlela Ephumelelayo Yokusebenza: Ityala Elisekelwe Kwidatha LeeTamati Ezivelisa Imveliso Ephezulu Nezisemgangathweni Ophezulu
Iprojekthi enkulu yokulima iitumato kwiglasi eluhlaza isebenzise ngokupheleleyo uthungelwano lwezixhobo zokuvavanya ubushushu bomhlaba kunye nokufuma. Ngokusebenzisa uhlalutyo lwedatha olucwangcisiweyo, iqela lolawulo lifumanise ukuba:
Imodeli yokuqala yokunkcenkceshela emini yakhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwamanzi amaninzi xa ubushushu be-substrate bunyuka emva kwemini, kwaye izityalo zazijongene noxinzelelo lwexesha elifutshane xa zazifuna amanzi kakhulu emini ukuze zenze iimveliso ze-photosynthesis.
2. Ngokulungisa icebo lokunkcenkceshela ukuze lizaliseke ngokuchanekileyo ngokusekelwe kwidatha yesenzi kusasa nangokuhlwa, akuzange kupheliswe nje kuphela uxinzelelo lwamanzi emini, kodwa kwanomswakama womoya ophezulu ngaphakathi kwindlu eluhlaza ngexesha lasemini wancitshiswa ngempumelelo.
Emva kwexesha elipheleleyo lokuqinisekiswa kwemveliso, le greenhouse ayigcinanga nje kuphela ukonga amanzi ngama-35% kodwa ikwanyuse nemveliso iyonke yetumato nge-18%, kwaye umxholo weswekile kunye nezinga leziqhamo zorhwebo zeziqhamo nazo ziphuculwe kakhulu. Umlawuli wezobugcisa wale projekthi ugqibezele ngelithi: “Ngoku asisaxhomekekanga ekuqikeleleni ukuba izityalo ziyawadinga amanzi okanye aziwadingi, kodwa ‘simamela’ ngokuthe ngqo impendulo yokwenyani evela kwinkqubo yeengcambu.” Iisensors zisenze sakwazi ukunxibelelana ngokuchanekileyo nezityalo, nto leyo engundoqo ekufezekiseni impumelelo ephindwe kabini kwisivuno kunye nomgangatho.
Isiphelo
Kwindlela yezolimo zanamhlanje ezigcina izityalo ziluhlaza, ezifuna isivuno esiphezulu, umgangatho ophezulu, ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwezixhobo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo, ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwehlabathi elifihlakeleyo elingaphantsi komhlaba - indawo yeengcambu - luye lwabaluleka njengokulawula ukukhanya, amanzi, ubushushu nomoya phezu komhlaba. Izinzwa zobushushu bomhlaba kunye nokufuma, njengee-antennae ezibuthathaka ezingena "kwisiseko sobomi" bezityalo, ziguqula ngokucacileyo unxano kunye nokwaneliseka kwenkqubo yeengcambu zibe lulwimi lwedatha. Ziphelise ukungaqondakali kunye nokungabi nabungcali bokunkcenkceshela kwaye zaqalisa imodeli entsha yokubonelela ngokuchanekileyo egxile kwiimfuno zexesha langempela zezityalo. Oku kungaphezulu kakhulu kokuphindaphinda izixhobo zemveliso; lutshintsho olukhulu kwifilosofi yokutyala: ukusuka "kukubonelela okukhokelwa ngabantu" ukuya "kwimpendulo eqhutywa yimfuno yezityalo". Ngokudityaniswa okunzulu kwe-Intanethi yezinto kunye nobuchwepheshe bobuchwephesha bokwenziwa, ezi "ngcambu zedatha" ezimiliselwe nzulu emhlabeni ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kudityaniswa ngokupheleleyo nenkqubo yolawulo lokusingqongileyo kwezityalo ziluhlaza, zipeyinta umfanekiso omtsha wezolimo olukrelekrele, olusebenzisa ikhabhoni ephantsi kwaye olusebenzayo kwixesha elizayo.
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Ixesha leposi: Disemba-23-2025