Intshayelelo: Kwixesha lotshintsho lwemozulu oluya lusanda, "ukulima ngokwemozulu" kuye kwaba yisayensi echanekileyo. Isixhobo semozulu esibonakala silula kodwa sibaluleke kakhulu—isixhobo sokulinganisa imvula sentsimbi engagqwaliyo—ngoku sibangela ingxolo kwicandelo lezolimo. Sisuka kwikona engacacanga ukuya kumda wentsimi, siba liqhawe elingadunyiswanga ekukhuseleni imveliso yezolimo yehlabathi.
Icandelo 1: “Umlindi Othuleyo” Entsimini
I-stainless steel tipping bucket rain gauge ayisiyonto intsha ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ukuthembeka kwayo okugqwesileyo kukuyinika ithuba elitsha lokuphila. Umgaqo wayo oyintloko wokusebenza ulula kodwa unobuchule: amanzi emvula angena ngomqokeleli aze ajikeleziswe “kwibhakede” elungiselelwe ngokuchanekileyo. Nje ukuba amanzi aqokelelweyo afikelele kwixabiso elimiselweyo (umz., 0.1mm okanye 0..2mm), ibhakede iyajika phantsi kobunzima bayo, ikhuphe amanzi kwaye ngaxeshanye iqalise isignali ye-elektroniki.
Le nkqubo iphindaphinda rhoqo. Ngokubala inani leencopho, ibala ubungakanani bemvula kunye nobunzima ngexesha langempela. Ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi engagqwaliyo luyinika ukuqina okuqinileyo ukuze imelane nezinto eziqinileyo zangaphandle, iqinisekisa iminyaka yokusebenza okuzinzileyo kwiimeko ezinzima zasentsimini.
Icandelo lesi-2: Kutheni "Ithandwa"? Ukujonga iNyathelo layo leHlabathi
Ukuthandwa kwesi sixhobo “esiqinileyo” kuvela ekusetyenzisweni kwaso kwihlabathi liphela ngokubanzi kunye nempembelelo eqinisekisiweyo. Nangona iTshayina yakhe uthungelwano olukhulu lwezikhululo zemozulu ezizenzekelayo kwihlabathi liphela, iingxelo zoshishino zibonisa la mazwe “njengeendawo zokuqala” kule teknoloji:
- UMntla Melika (eMelika, eKhanada): Kwiifama ezinkulu ezisebenzisa oomatshini abaninzi nezisebenzisa idijithali, ezi zixhobo zokulinganisa imvula “zingumthombo wedatha” obalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zezolimo ezichanekileyo, zibonelela ngolwazi oluphambili lokucwangciswa kweshedyuli yokunkcenkceshela.
- IYurophu (umz., iJamani, iFransi, iNetherlands): Zisetyenziswa kwezolimo ezibanzi nakwizityalo ezikhethekileyo ezifana neediliya, zijonga iimozulu ezincinci ukunceda ulawulo lwamanzi olufanelekileyo kunye nemveliso esemgangathweni.
- IJapan neOstreliya: IJapan iziqesha ukuze zilumkise ngokuchanekileyo ngezikhukula kunye nolawulo lwamasimi erayisi; IOstreliya izisebenzisa kakhulu kwiindawo zokulima ezomileyo ukujonga imvula esebenzayo kunye nokulwa nemingeni yembalela.
Ingcamango efanayo phakathi kwala mazwe? Amacandelo ezolimo aphucuke kakhulu aneenjongo eziqhubekayo zokulawula umngcipheko kunye nokuzuza kwemveliso.
Inxalenye 3: Impembelelo Yayo Entsha Kwezolimo
Impembelelo yayo idlula nje "ukulinganisa imvula." Itshintsha ngokusisiseko iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zolawulo lwefama:
- 【Ukunkcenkceshela ngokuchanekileyo, Ukutshintsha Umsebenzi Wokuqikelela】
Ukunkcenkceshela kwendabuko kudla ngokuxhomekeka kumava, nto leyo ekhokelela kwinkunkuma yamanzi ngokulula. Ngoku, ngedatha echanekileyo evela kwi-rain gauge, abalimi bayazi kakuhleingakanani imvula efunyenwe yintsimiOku kubavumela ukuba bayithelekise ngokuchanekileyo neemfuno zamanzi ezityalo, nto leyo evumela ukunkcenkceshela xa kuyimfuneko. Ukonga amanzi kunokuphuculwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30%—umthombo obalulekileyo kwiminyaka yembalela. - 【Ukuthintela Iintlekele, Ukwakha "I-Digital Levee"】
Imvula enkulu, ethatha ixesha elifutshane, yeyona nto ibangela ukugcwala kwamanzi. I-stainless steel tipping bucket rain gauge ibamba utshintsho olukhulu lwemvula ngexesha langempela. Ngaphambi kokuba imvula ibangele umonakalo, inkqubo yayo yokulumkisa edibeneyo inokuthenga abalimi ixesha elibalulekileyo lokuphendula—nokuba kukukhupha amanzi kwimisele okanye ukuqinisa imiqolo—ngokuphumelela ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokulahleka kwesivuno. - 【Izigqibo Ezikrelekrele, Ukulima Okuqhutywa Yidatha】
Iirekhodi zedatha yemvula yexesha elide zenza "i-asethi yedijithali" exabisekileyo kwintsimi. Iingcali zezolimo zingasebenzisa oku ukuhlalutya iipateni zemvula, zikhokele abalimi ukuba baphucule ukukhethwa kwezityalo, bakhethe iintlobo ezininzi ezimelana nezikhukula okanye ezimelana nembalela, kwaye ngokwesayensi bacwangcise ukuchumisa kunye nokutshiza ukuthintela izondlo ukuba zingakhukuliswa, ekugqibeleni zinyuse ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye zinciphise iindleko.
Ingcinga Yengcali: Umlimi waseMidwestern US uthe kudliwanondlebe: “Aba ‘balindi abancinci bentsimbi’ abathuleyo bangabahloli bedatha kwifama yam. Abandixeleli nje kuphelaifkwana imvula, kodwakagakananikwayekunzima kangakanani, kwaye ke ngokointo endifanele ndiyenze ngokulandelayo. Oko kuchaphazela ngqo isivuno sam kulo nyaka.
Isiphelo: Utshintsho oluvela kuqikelelo oluqikelelweyo olusekelwe kumava ukuya kwisikhokelo esichanekileyo nesiqhutywa yidatha, esiboniswe yi-stainless steel tipping bucket rain gauge, luphawu olufutshane lwenkqubela phambili kwezolimo zehlabathi ukuya kubukrelekrele kunye nokuchaneka. Isenokungabi nambonakalo inomtsalane, kodwa ngendlela elula kakhulu, yakha umgca wetekhnoloji oqinileyo wokuzikhusela kukhuseleko lokutya lwehlabathi. Njengoko idityaniswa nzulu netekhnoloji ye-IoT, ixabiso layo liya kuqhubeka likhula.
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