Intshayelelo: Xa Ukukhanya Kwelanga Kuba “Yinto Eguqukayo”
Eyona nto iphambili ekuvelisweni kwamandla e-photovoltaic kukuguqula amandla emitha yelanga abe ngamandla ombane, kwaye amandla okukhupha kwawo achatshazelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngexesha langempela ziiparameter ezininzi zemozulu ezifana nokukhanya kwelanga, ubushushu obuphakathi, isantya somoya kunye necala, ukufuma komoya kunye nemvula. Ezi parameter azisezona nje izibalo kwiingxelo zemozulu, kodwa "ziinguqu zemveliso" eziphambili ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla kwizikhululo zamandla, ukhuseleko lwezixhobo kunye nembuyekezo yotyalo-mali. Isikhululo semozulu esizenzekelayo (i-AWS) ngoko ke sitshintshe ukusuka kwisixhobo sophando lwesayensi saba "yi-sensory nerve" eyimfuneko kunye "nelitye lembombo lokwenza izigqibo" kwizikhululo zamandla ze-photovoltaic zanamhlanje.
I. Ulwalamano olunemilinganiselo emininzi phakathi kweeParamitha zokubeka iliso kwiCore kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweSitishi soMbane
Isikhululo semozulu esizenzekelayo esizinikeleyo kwizikhululo zamandla ze-photovoltaic senze inkqubo yokubeka esweni eyenzelwe wena kakhulu, kwaye yonke idatha inxulumene kakhulu nokusebenza kwesikhululo samandla:
Ukubeka esweni imitha yelanga ("ukulinganisa umthombo" wokuvelisa umbane)
Imitha iyonke (i-GHI): Imisela ngokuthe ngqo amandla apheleleyo afunyanwa ziimodyuli ze-photovoltaic kwaye yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuqikeleleni ukuveliswa kwamandla.
Imitha ethe ngqo (i-DNI) kunye nemitha esasazekileyo (i-DHI): Kwii-photovoltaic arrays ezisebenzisa iibrakethi zokulandelela okanye iimodyuli ezithile ze-bifacial, le datha ibalulekile ekuphuculeni amaqhinga okulandelela kunye nokuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo ukuveliswa kwamandla ngasemva.
Ixabiso lesicelo: Ibonelela ngedatha yokulinganisa engenakutshintshwa yokulinganisa ukusebenza kokuveliswa kombane (ukubalwa kwexabiso le-PR), uqikelelo lokuveliswa kombane lwexesha elifutshane, kunye nokuchonga ukusebenza kakuhle kwesikhululo samandla.
2. Ubushushu obuphakathi kunye nobushushu obuphakathi (“umlinganiselo wobushushu” wokusebenza kakuhle)
Ubushushu obuphakathi: Buchaphazela imozulu encinci kunye neemfuno zokupholisa zesikhululo samandla.
Ubushushu be-backsheet yemodyuli: Amandla okukhupha iimodyuli ze-photovoltaic ayancipha njengoko ubushushu bunyuka (ngesiqhelo -0.3% ukuya ku -0.5%/℃). Ukubeka esweni ubushushu be-backplane ngexesha langempela kunokulungisa ngokuchanekileyo umbane olindelekileyo kwaye kuchongwe ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu okungaqhelekanga kwezixhobo okanye iingozi ezinokubakho kwiindawo ezishushu.
3. Isantya somoya kunye necala (“Ikrele elintlangothi-mbini” lokhuseleko kunye nokuphola
Ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo: Imimoya enamandla evuthuzayo ngoko nangoko (efana naleyo idlula i-25m/s) iluvavanyo lokugqibela kuyilo lomthwalo woomatshini bezakhiwo zenkxaso ye-photovoltaic kunye neemodyuli. Izilumkiso zesantya somoya zexesha langempela zinokubangela inkqubo yokhuseleko, kwaye xa kuyimfuneko, zisebenzise imo yokukhusela umoya ye-single-axis tracker (efana "nendawo yesiphango").
Ukupholisa ngokwendalo: Isantya somoya esifanelekileyo sinceda ekunciphiseni ubushushu bokusebenza kwezixhobo, nto leyo ephucula ngokungathanga ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kombane. Idatha isetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya isiphumo sokupholisa umoya kunye nokuphucula ulwakhiwo lwe-array kunye nesithuba.
4. Ukufuma okulinganiselweyo kunye neNkunkuma ("imiqondiso yesilumkiso" yokusebenza nokugcinwa kunye neziphene)
Umswakama ophezulu: Inokubangela iziphumo ze-PID (Potential-induced Attenuation), ikhawulezise ukubola kwezixhobo, kwaye ichaphazele ukusebenza kwe-insulation.
Ukuna kwemvula: Idatha yemvula ingasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa nokuhlalutya isiphumo sendalo sokucoca kwezinto (ukwanda kombane okwexeshana), kunye nokukhokela ucwangciso lomjikelo ongcono wokucoca. Izilumkiso zemvula enkulu zinxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nempendulo yeenkqubo zolawulo lwezikhukula kunye nokuhambisa amanzi.
5. Uxinzelelo lomoya kunye nezinye iiParamitha (“izinto ezincedisayo” ezicociweyo)
Isetyenziselwa ukulungisa idatha ye-irradiance echanekileyo kakhulu kunye nohlalutyo lwenqanaba lophando.
Ii. Iimeko zeSicelo esiSebenzayo esiSebenzayo esiqhutywa yiDatha
Umsinga wedatha wesikhululo semozulu esizenzekelayo, ngothungelwano lomqokeleli wedatha kunye nonxibelelwano, ungena kwinkqubo yokubeka esweni kunye nokufunyanwa kwedatha (i-SCADA) kunye nenkqubo yokuqikelela amandla yesikhululo samandla se-photovoltaic, nto leyo ebangela usetyenziso oluninzi olukrelekrele:
1. Ukuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo kokuveliswa kombane kunye nokuthunyelwa kwegridi
Ukuqikelela ixesha elifutshane (ngeyure/ngosuku oludlulileyo): Ukudibanisa ukukhanyiselwa kwemitha ngexesha langempela, iimaphu zelifu kunye noqikelelo lwemozulu lwamanani (i-NWP), kusebenza njengesiseko esiphambili samasebe okuhambisa igridi yamandla ukulinganisela ukuguquguquka kwamandla e-photovoltaic nokuqinisekisa uzinzo lwegridi yamandla. Ukuchaneka kokuqikelela kunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nengeniso yovavanyo lwesikhululo samandla kunye nesicwangciso sorhwebo lwemarike.
Ukuqikelela kwexesha elifutshane kakhulu (inqanaba lemizuzu): Ngokuyintloko kusekelwe ekubekweni esweni utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwimitha yokukhanya ngexesha langempela (njengokudlula kwelifu), isetyenziselwa ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwe-AGC (Ulawulo Lokuvelisa Oluzenzekelayo) kwizikhululo zamandla kunye nokukhupha umbane okugudileyo.
2. Ukuxilongwa okunzulu kokusebenza kwesikhululo samandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokulungiswa kwawo
Uhlalutyo lwe-Performance ratio (PR): Ngokusekelwe kwidatha yokukhanya okulinganisiweyo kunye nobushushu becandelo, bala ukuveliswa kwamandla okukholelwayo kwaye ukuthelekise nokuveliswa kwamandla okwenyani. Ukwehla kwexesha elide kwamaxabiso e-PR kunokubonisa ukubola kwecandelo, amabala, izithintelo okanye iimpazamo zombane.
Icebo lokucoca elikrelekrele: Ngokuhlalutya ngokupheleleyo imvula, ukuqokelelwa kothuli (okunokuqondwa ngokungangqalanga ngokunciphisa imitha), isantya somoya (uthuli), kunye neendleko zokulahleka kokuveliswa kombane, isicwangciso sokucoca esifanelekileyo ngokwezoqoqosho senziwa ngokuguquguqukayo.
Isilumkiso sempilo yezixhobo: Ngokuthelekisa umahluko wokuveliswa kwamandla kwii-sub-arrays ezahlukeneyo phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zemozulu, iimpazamo kwiibhokisi zokudibanisa, ii-inverters okanye amanqanaba entambo zinokufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza.
3. Ukhuseleko lweeAsethi kunye noLawulo lweeNgozi
Isilumkiso semozulu egqithisileyo: Beka imida yemimoya enamandla, imvula enkulu, ikhephu elikhulu, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu, njl.njl., ukuze ufumane izilumkiso ezizenzekelayo kwaye ukhokele abasebenzi bokusebenza nokulungisa ukuba bathathe amanyathelo okukhusela anjengokuqinisa, ukuqinisa, ukukhupha amanzi okanye ukulungisa indlela yokusebenza kwangaphambili.
Uvavanyo lwe-Inshorensi kunye neAsethi: Ukubonelela ngeerekhodi zedatha yemozulu echanekileyo neqhubekayo ukuze kubonelelwe ubungqina obuthembekileyo bomntu wesithathu bovavanyo lokulahlekelwa yintlekele, amabango e-inshorensi, kunye nokuthengiselana ngempahla yesikhululo samandla.
Iii. Ukuhlanganiswa kweNkqubo kunye neeNdlela zoBugcisa
Izikhululo zemozulu ze-photovoltaic zanamhlanje ziyaphuhliswa zijolise ekuhlanganisweni okuphezulu, ukuthembeka okukhulu kunye nobukrelekrele.
Uyilo oludibeneyo: Isixhobo sokulinganisa imitha, imitha yobushushu kunye nokufuma, i-anemometer, umqokeleli wedatha kunye nombane (iphaneli yelanga + ibhetri) zidityaniswe kwinkqubo ye-mast ezinzileyo nengamelani nokugqwala, nto leyo evumela ukuthunyelwa ngokukhawuleza nokusebenza ngaphandle kokugcinwa.
2. Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu: Umgangatho wesenzi usondela kwinqanaba lesibini okanye kwinqanaba lokuqala, ubonisa imisebenzi yokuzixilonga kunye nokuzilinganisa ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwexesha elide kunye nokuzinza kwedatha.
3. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-edge computing kunye ne-AI: Yenza ukucubungula idatha kwangaphambili kunye nokugweba okungaqhelekanga kwisiphelo sesitishi ukuze kuncitshiswe umthwalo wokudluliselwa kwedatha. Ngokudibanisa itekhnoloji yokuqaphela imifanekiso ye-AI kunye nokusebenzisa umfanekiso wesibhakabhaka esipheleleyo ukunceda ekuchongeni iintlobo zamafu kunye nomthamo wamafu, ukuchaneka kwezibikezelo zexesha elifutshane kakhulu kuyaphuculwa ngakumbi.
4. Isikhululo samandla seDijithali kunye neSikhululo samandla esiSebenza ngeNdlela ePheleleyo: Idatha yesikhululo semozulu, njengegalelo elichanekileyo elivela kwihlabathi elibonakalayo, iqhuba imodeli yamandla edijithali yesikhululo samandla se-photovoltaic ukwenza ukulinganisa ukuvelisa umbane, ukuqikelela iimpazamo, kunye nokuphucula icebo lokusebenza nokugcinwa kwindawo ebonakalayo.
Iv. Amatyala ezicelo kunye nokulinganiswa kwexabiso
Isikhululo samandla se-photovoltaic se-100MW esikwindawo entsonkothileyo yeentaba, emva kokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yokujonga imozulu encinci equka izikhululo ezithandathu, sifezekise oku kulandelayo:
Ukuchaneka kokuqikelela amandla kwixesha elifutshane kuphucuke malunga ne-5%, nto leyo eyehlisa kakhulu iindleko zovavanyo lwegridi.
Ngokucocwa ngobuchule ngokusekelwe kwidatha yemozulu, iindleko zokucoca zonyaka zincitshiswa nge-15%, ngelixa ilahleko yokuvelisa umbane ebangelwa ziingcola incitshiswa ngaphezu kwe-2%.
Ngexesha lemozulu enamandla, imo yokuthintela umoya yavulwa iiyure ezimbini kwangaphambili ngokusekelwe kwisilumkiso somoya onamandla, esathintela umonakalo onokwenzeka kwinkxaso. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ilahleko incitshiswe ngezigidi ezininzi zeeyuan.
Isiphelo: Ukusuka “ekuThembeni kwiNdalo ukuze uphile” ukuya “ekusebenzeni ngokuhambelana neNdalo”
Ukusetyenziswa kwezitishi zemozulu ezizenzekelayo kubonisa utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwezitishi zamandla ze-photovoltaic ukusuka ekuxhomekekeni kumava kunye nolawulo olubanzi ukuya kwixesha elitsha lolawulo lwesayensi, olucokisekileyo nolukrelekrele olugxile kwidatha. Ivumela izitishi zamandla ze-photovoltaic ukuba zingagcini nje ngoku "bona" ukukhanya kwelanga kodwa "ziqonde" imozulu, ngaloo ndlela zikhulisa ixabiso layo yonke imisebe yelanga kwaye zonyusa ingeniso yokuveliswa kombane kunye nokhuseleko lweeasethi kulo lonke umjikelo wobomi. Njengoko amandla e-photovoltaic esiba ngamandla aphambili kutshintsho lwamandla lwehlabathi, indawo yesicwangciso sesitishi semozulu esizenzekelayo, esisebenza njenge "liso laso elikrelekrele", ngokuqinisekileyo siya kuba sobala ngakumbi.
Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya ngesikhululo semozulu,
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Ixesha leposi: Disemba-17-2025