Izicelo Ezisebenzayo kunye Neempembelelo Zeenkqubo Zokwakha Amanzi Ezizicocayo E-Vietnam

Imingeni yokuJonga uMgangatho waManzi eVietnam kunye nokuqaliswa kweNkqubo zokuZicoca

Njengelizwe elinomhlaba otyebileyo eMzantsi-mpuma Asia elinonxweme oluyi-3,260 km kunye nothungelwano lwemilambo exineneyo, iVietnam ijongene nemingeni ekhethekileyo yokujonga umgangatho wamanzi. Iinkqubo ze-buoy zemveli kwindawo eshushu yaseVietnam enobushushu obuphezulu, ukufuma, kunye nokungcoliswa kakhulu yi-biofouling zihlala zifumana ungcoliseko lwe-sensor kunye nokushukuma kwedatha, okuphazamisa kakhulu ukuchaneka kokujonga. Ngokukodwa kwiMekong Delta, izinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo kunye nomxholo we-organic zifuna ukulungiswa ngesandla rhoqo kwiiveki ezi-2-3 zee-buoy zesiqhelo, nto leyo ebangela iindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza kunye nedatha eqhubekayo engathembekanga.

Ukujongana nale meko, amagunya emithombo yamanzi aseVietnam aqalise iinkqubo ze-buoy ezizicocayo ngo-2023, edibanisa ukucoca iibrashi zoomatshini kunye netekhnoloji ye-ultrasonic ukususa ngokuzenzekelayo i-biofilm kunye neediphozithi kwiindawo zesensor. Idatha evela kwiSebe leMithombo yamanzi laseHo Chi Minh City ibonisa ukuba ezi nkqubo zandise amaxesha okugcina ukusuka kwiintsuku ezili-15-20 ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-90-120 ngelixa ziphucula ukuqinisekiswa kwedatha ukusuka <60% ukuya >95%, zinciphisa iindleko zokusebenza malunga nama-65%. Olu phuhliso lubonelela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo yetekhnoloji yokuphucula inethiwekhi yokujonga umgangatho wamanzi yesizwe saseVietnam.

Imigaqo yoBugcisa kunye noYilo oluNtsha lweNkqubo zokuziCoca

Iinkqubo ze-buoy zaseVietnam ezizicocayo zisebenzisa itekhnoloji yokucoca eneendlela ezininzi ezidibanisa iindlela ezintathu ezihambelanayo:

1. Ukucoca ibrashi ngoomatshini ngokujikelezisa: Isebenza rhoqo emva kweeyure ezi-6 isebenzisa iibristle zesilicone ezikumgangatho wokutya ezijolise ngokukodwa ekungcoliseni i-algal kwiifestile ze-optical;
2. Ukucocwa kwe-cavitation ye-ultrasonic: I-ultrasound ephindaphindayo (40kHz) eqaliswa kabini ngemini isusa i-biofilm engapheliyo ngokuqhushumba kwe-micro-bubble;
3. Ukwambathisa iikhemikhali: Ukwambathisa i-titanium dioxide ene-photocatalytic ye-nano-scale kuqhubeka kucinezela ukukhula kweentsholongwane phantsi kwelanga.

Olu yilo lukhusela kathathu luqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zamanzi zaseVietnam – ukusuka kwiindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu kuMlambo iRed River ukuya kwiindawo ezine-eutrophic eMekong. Uyilo oluphambili lwenkqubo luxhomekeke ekubeni ikwazi ukuzimela ngokwamandla ngokusebenzisa amandla axutyiweyo (iiphaneli zelanga ezili-120W + ijenereyitha yamanzi engama-50W), igcina ukusebenza kokucoca nangona ngamaxesha emvula apho ilanga lincinci khona.

Ityala Lomboniso eMekong Delta

Njengommandla obalulekileyo kwezolimo nezolimo zasemanzini eVietnam, umgangatho wamanzi eMekong Delta uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo abemi abazizigidi ezingama-20 kunye noqoqosho lwengingqi. Ngexesha lowama-2023-2024, iSebe leMithombo yamanzi laseVietnam lithumele iinkqubo ezingama-28 zokuzicoca apha, liseka uthungelwano lwesilumkiso somgangatho wamanzi ngexesha langempela oluneziphumo ezimangalisayo.

Ukuphunyezwa kweCan Tho City kubonakalise ukuba kuyabonakala. Ifakwe kwisiseko seMekong, le nkqubo ijonga ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo (DO), i-pH, i-turbidity, i-conductivity, i-chlorophyll-a kunye nezinye iiparameter ezibalulekileyo. Idatha emva kokusetyenziswa iqinisekisile ukuba ukucoca ngokuzenzekelayo kugcina ukusebenza okuzinzileyo okuqhubekayo:

• Ukushukuma kwe-DO sensor kwehle ukusuka kwi-0.8 mg/L/ngenyanga ukuya kwi-0.1 mg/L;
• Uzinzo lokufunda i-pH luphuculwe ngama-40%;
• Ukuphazamiseka kwe-biofouling ye-optical turbidimeter kuncitshiswe ngama-90%.

NgoMatshi 2024, le nkqubo yazisa ngempumelelo abasemagunyeni ngesiganeko sokukhupha amanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso ngokufumana i-pH down ngexesha langempela (7.2→5.8) kunye ne-DO crash (6.4→2.1 mg/L). Iiarhente zokusingqongileyo zifumene kwaye zajongana nomthombo wongcoliseko kwiiyure ezimbini, zithintela ukubulawa kweentlanzi ezininzi. Eli tyala libonisa ixabiso lenkqubo ekuqinisekiseni ukuqhubeka kwedatha kunye nokukwazi ukuphendula kwiziganeko.

Imingeni yokuphunyezwa kunye neMbono yexesha elizayo

Nangona ukusebenza kakuhle, ukwamkelwa kweenkqubo kuzwelonke kujongana nemiqobo emininzi:

• Utyalo-mali lokuqala oluphezulu: 150-200 yezigidi ze-VND (6,400-8,500 USD) ngenkqubo nganye – iindleko ze-buoy eziqhelekileyo eziphindwe kathathu ukuya kane;
• Iimfuno zoqeqesho: Abasebenzi basentsimini bafuna izakhono ezintsha zokugcinwa kwenkqubo kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha;
• Imida yokuziqhelanisa: Ifuna ukwenziwa ngcono koyilo ukuze kubekho ukungcoliseka okukhulu (NTU>1000 ngexesha lezikhukula) okanye imisinga enamandla.

Uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo luza kugxila koku:

1. Imveliso yasekhaya: Iifemu zaseVietnam ezisebenzisana namaqabane aseJapan/eKorea zijolise ekufumaneni umxholo wasekhaya ongaphezulu kwama-50% kwiminyaka emi-3, zinciphisa iindleko ngama-30% nangaphezulu;
2. Uphuculo olukrelekrele: Ukudibanisa iikhamera ze-AI ukuze kuchongwe iintlobo zongcoliseko kunye nokulungisa amaqhinga okucoca (umz., ukwandisa amaxesha ngexesha lokudubula kwe-algal);
3. Ukuphucula amandla: Ukuphuhlisa izixhobo zokuvuna amandla ezisebenzayo ngakumbi (umz., ukungcangcazela okubangelwa kukuhamba kwamanzi) ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwilanga;
4. Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha: Ukudibanisa nokubeka iliso kwisathelayithi/iidrone ukuze kujongwe umgangatho wamanzi “ophakathi komoya nomhlaba”.

UMphathiswa Wezamanzi waseVietnam ulindele ukuba ii-buoy ezizicocayo zigubungele ama-60% eendawo zokubeka esweni zelizwe ngo-2026, zenze iziseko eziphambili zeenkqubo zokulumkisa kwangaphambili ngomgangatho wamanzi. Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokuphucula amandla olawulo lwamanzi aseVietnam kodwa ikwabonelela ngezisombululo ezinokuphindwaphindwa kubamelwane baseMzantsi-mpuma Asia abajongene nemingeni efanayo. Ngokuphucula ubukrelekrele kunye nokunciphisa iindleko, izicelo zinokukhula ziye kwi-aquaculture, ukujonga ukungcola kwemizi-mveliso kunye namanye amacandelo orhwebo, nto leyo evelisa ixabiso elikhulu kwezentlalo nezoqoqosho.

Singabonelela ngezisombululo ezahlukeneyo

1. Imitha ephathwayo yomgangatho wamanzi weparameter ezininzi

2. Inkqubo ye-Floating Buoy yomgangatho wamanzi we-multi-parameter

3. Ibrashi yokucoca ngokuzenzekelayo yesixhobo sokuvavanya amanzi esineeparameter ezininzi

4. Iseti epheleleyo yeeseva kunye nemodyuli engenazingcingo yesoftware, ixhasa i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN

Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nesensa yamanzi,

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