Iimpawu zePlum zeXesha leMvula kunye neeMfuno zokuJonga imvula
Imvula yeplum (Meiyu) yinto ekhethekileyo yokuza kwemvula eyenzeka ngexesha lokunyuka ukuya emantla e-East Asia monsoon, echaphazela ikakhulu umlambo wase-China wase-Yangtze, iSiqithi sase-Honshu sase-Japan, kunye ne-South Korea. Ngokomgangatho wesizwe waseTshayina “Izalathi zokuHlola zeMeiyu” (GB/T 33671-2017), imimandla yemvula yaseTshayina inokwahlulwa ibe ziindawo ezintathu: iJiangnan (I), iYangtze ePhakathi-esezantsi (II), kunye neJianghuai (III), nganye inemihla yokuqala eyahlukileyo—indawo yaseJiangnan ilandelwa nguMbindi-9 kuqala ngoJuni. Yangtze ngoJuni 14, kunye neJianghuai ngoJuni 23. Oku kuguquguquka kwendawo kudala imfuno ebanzi, eqhubekayo yokubeka iliso yokuna kwemvula, ebonelela ngamathuba osetyenziso olubanzi kwiigeyiji zemvula.
Ixesha lemvula le-plum lika-2025 libonise iindlela zokuqala-imimandla yaseJiangnan kunye ne-Middle-Lower Yangtze yangena eMeiyu ngoJuni 7 (iintsuku ezi-2-7 ngaphambili kunesiqhelo), ngelixa i-Jianghuai iqala nge-19 kaJuni (iintsuku ezi-4 ekuqaleni). Oku kufika kwangoko kwandisa ukungxamiseka kothintelo lwezandyondyo. Imvula yePlum ibonakalisa ubude bexesha elide, ubunzulu obuphezulu, kunye nokugubungela okubanzi-umzekelo, imvula yango-2024's Middle-Lower Yangtze igqithe iavareji yembali ngaphezulu kwe-50%, ngeendawo ezithile ezifumana “iMeiyu enobundlobongela” ebangela izikhukula. Kule meko, ukubekwa esweni kwemvula ngokuchanekileyo kuba sisiseko sokwenziwa kwezigqibo zolawulo lwezandyondyo.
Uqwalaselo lwemvula lwemvula ngokwemveli lunemida ebalulekileyo: umlinganiselo ophantsi womlinganiselo (ngokuqhelekileyo amaxesha angama-1-2 yonke imihla), ukuhanjiswa kwedatha okucothayo, kunye nokungakwazi ukubamba imvula enkulu yexesha elifutshane. Iigeyiji zemvula zangoku ezizenzekelayo zisebenzisa i-emele-ibhakethi okanye imigaqo yokulinganisa yenza umzuzu nomzuzu okanye isibini-ngesibini sibeke iliso, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwedatha yexesha lokwenyani ngaphandle kwamacingo kuphucula kakhulu ukugcinwa kwexesha kunye nokuchaneka. Umzekelo, inkqubo yokulinganisa imvula ngamabhakethi kwi-Yongkang's Sanduxi Reservoir e-Zhejiang ifaka ngokuthe ngqo idatha kumaqonga e-hydrological wephondo, ifezekisa ukujonga imvula “elula nesebenzayo”.
Imingeni yobugcisa engundoqo ibandakanya: ukugcina ukuchaneka ngexesha lemvula emandla (umz., i-660mm ngeentsuku ezi-3 kwiDolophu yase-Hubei yaseTaiping ngo-2025—1/3 yemvula yonyaka); ukuthembeka kwezixhobo kwiindawo ezifumileyo; kunye nokubekwa kwesikhululo esimele kwindawo enzima. Iigeyiji zemvula zanamhlanje zijongana nezi zixhobo zokunqanda ukubola kwentsimbi engatyiwa, ukudityaniswa kwebhakethi ephindwe kabini, kunye namandla elanga. Uthungelwano oluxineneyo lwe-IoT olufana nenkqubo yeZhejiang “Digital Levee” ihlaziya idatha yemvula rhoqo ngemizuzu emi-5 ukusuka kwizitishi ezili-11.
Okuqaphelekayo, utshintsho lwemozulu luqinisa kakhulu iMeiyu egqithileyo—2020′s imvula yaseMeiyu yayikwi-120% ngaphezu komndilili (eyona iphezulu ukusukela ngo-1961), ifuna iigeyiji zemvula ezinoluhlu olubanzi lomlinganiselo, ukuxhathisa impembelelo, kunye nosulelo oluthembekileyo. Idatha ye-Meiyu ikwaxhasa uphando lwemozulu, ikwazisa izicwangciso zexesha elide zokuziqhelanisa.
ii-Innovative Applications e-China
I-China iphuhlise iindlela ezibanzi zokujonga imvula ukusuka kuqwalaselo lwezandla ukuya kwizisombululo ze-IoT ezihlakaniphile, kunye neegeyiji zemvula eziguqukayo zibe ziindawo ezibalulekileyo zothungelwano olukrelekrele lwe-hydrological.
IiNethiwekhi zoLawulo lweZikhukula zeDijithali
Inkqubo yeSithili saseXiuzhou “yeDigital Levee” ingumzekelo wosetyenziso lwangoku. Ukudibanisa iigeji zemvula kunye nezinye izinzwa ze-hydrological, ilayisha idatha rhoqo ngemizuzu emi-5 kwiqonga lolawulo. Ngaphambili, sasilinganisa imvula ngesandla sisebenzisa iisilinda eziphumeleleyo-ezingasebenziyo kwaye ziyingozi ebusuku. Ngoku, ii-apps eziphathwayo zibonelela ngexesha lokwenyani idatha ebanzi, utshilo uJiang Jianming, uSekela Mlawuli weOfisi yezoLimo yedolophu yaseWangdian. Oku kuvumela abasebenzi ukuba bagxininise kumanyathelo asebenzayo afana nokuhlola i-dike, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokusabela kwezikhukhula ngaphezulu kwe-50%.
KwiSixeko saseTongxiang, inkqubo ye-"Smart Waterlogging Control" idibanisa idatha esuka kwizikhululo ze-telemetry ze-34 kunye ne-AI-powered 72-hour-hour level forecasts. Ngexesha lonyaka ka-Meiyu ka-2024, ikhuphe iingxelo zemvula ezingama-23, izilumkiso ezi-5 zezikhukula, kunye nezilumkiso ezi-2 zencopho yokuqukuqela, ebonisa indima engundoqo ye-hydrology “njengamehlo neendlebe” zolawulo lwezandyondyo. Idatha yomgangatho wemizuzu yokulinganisa imvula ihambelana nerada/uqwalaselo lwesathelayithi, yenze isakhelo sokuhlola esinamacala amaninzi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwedama kunye nezolimo
Kulawulo lobutyebi bamanzi, iSanduxi Reservoir yaseYongkang isebenzisa iigeyiji ezizisebenzelayo kumasebe esi-8 emisele ecaleni kwemilinganiselo yezandla ukuze kunyuswe ukunkcenkceshela. "Ukudibanisa iindlela kuqinisekisa ukwabiwa kwamanzi okunengqiqo ngelixa kuphuculwa ukubeka iliso ngokuzenzekelayo," kuchaza umphathi uLou Qinghua. Idatha yemvula ikwazisa ngokuthe ngqo ukucwangciswa kokunkcenkceshela kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi.
Ngexesha lokuqalisa kwe-Meiyu ka-2025, iZiko leeSayensi zaManzi laseHubei lasebenzisa inkqubo yoqikelelo lwexesha lokwenyani lokuqikelelwa kwemozulu yeeyure ezingama-24/72 kunye nedatha yokugcina amanzi. Ukuqalisa ukulinganisa kwesaqhwithi ezingama-26 kunye nokuxhasa iintlanganiso ezi-5 ezingxamisekileyo, ukuthembeka kwenkqubo kuxhomekeke kwimilinganiselo yokulinganisa imvula echanekileyo.
Inkqubela phambili yeTekhnoloji
Iigeyiji zemvula zanamhlanje zibandakanya izinto ezintsha ezininzi eziphambili:
- Umlinganiselo weHybrid: Ukudibanisa i-tipping-emele kunye nemithetho-siseko yokulinganisa ukugcina ukuchaneka kuwo wonke ukuqina (0.1-300mm/h), ukujongana nemvula eguquguqukayo yaseMeiyu.
- Ukuzicoca ngokuzicoca: Izinzwa ze-Ultrasonic kunye neengubo ze-hydrophobic zithintela ukuqokelela kwe-debris-kubaluleke kakhulu ngexesha lemvula ye-Meiyu enzima. I-Oki Electric yaseJapan ibika i-90% yokunciphisa ukugcinwa kunye neenkqubo ezinjalo.
- I-Edge Computing: Kwisixhobo sokucoca idatha ingxolo kwaye ichonge iziganeko ezigqithisileyo kwindawo, iqinisekisa ukuthembeka nangona ukuphazamiseka kwenethiwekhi.
- I-Multi-Parameter Integration: Izikhululo ezihlanganisiweyo zaseMzantsi Korea zilinganisa imvula ecaleni komswakama / ubushushu, ukuphucula ukuqikelelwa komhlaba okunxulumene ne-Meiyu.
Imingeni kunye nezikhokelo zexesha elizayo
Ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili, imida iyaqhubeka:
- Iimeko ezigqithisileyo: I-2024′s "iMeiyu enobundlobongela" e-Anhui ilayishe ngaphezulu kwe-300mm ye-300mm / h umthamo
- Ukudityaniswa kweeNkcukacha: Iinkqubo ezohlukeneyo zithintela uqikelelo lwezandyondyo lwengingqi
- Ukhuseleko lwasemaphandleni: Imimandla ekude yeentaba ayinazo iindawo zokubeka iliso ezaneleyo
Izisombululo ezivelayo ziquka:
- I-Drone-Deployed Mobile Gauges: I-MWR yase-China yavavanya i-UAV-ethwele i-gauges ukuze ihanjiswe ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lezikhukhula ze-2025
- Ukuqinisekiswa kweBlockchain: Iiprojekthi zokulinga eZhejiang ziqinisekisa ukungaguquki kwedatha kwizigqibo ezibalulekileyo
- I-AI-Powered Forecasting: Imodeli entsha yaseShanghai inciphisa ii-alam zobuxoki nge-40% ngokufunda koomatshini.
Ngokutshintsha kwemozulu kuqinisa ukuguquguquka kweMeiyu, iigeyiji zesizukulwana esilandelayo ziya kufuna:
- Ukomelezwa kokuqina (IP68 ingangeni manzi, -30°C~70°C ukusebenza)
- Uluhlu lomlinganiselo obanzi (0~500mm/h)
- Ukudityaniswa okuqinileyo kunye neenethiwekhi ze-IoT/5G
Njengoko uMalathisi uJiang ephawula: “Oko kwaqala njengomlinganiselo olula wokuna kwemvula kuye kwaba sisiseko solawulo olukrelekrele lwamanzi.” Ukusuka kulawulo lwezikhukhula ukuya kuphando lwemozulu, iigeyiji zemvula zihlala zizixhobo eziyimfuneko zokumelana nemimandla enemvula yeplum.
Nceda uqhagamshelane Honde Technology Co., LTD.
Email: info@hondetech.com
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Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-25-2025