Izicelo zoPhuculo kwiNtlakelelo
Njengoko isizwe esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni esikwiPacific Ring of Fire, i-Indonesia ijongene nezisongelo ezihlala zikho ezivela kwiinyikima, iitsunami, kunye nezinye iintlekele zemvelo. Iindlela zokukhangela nokuhlangula zemveli zihlala zingasebenzi kwiimeko ezinzima ezifana nokuwa kwesakhiwo ngokupheleleyo, apho iteknoloji yokuva iradar esekelwe kwi-Doppler inika izisombululo ezintsha. Ngo-2022, iqela lophando elidibeneyo laseTaiwan-Indonesia lenze inkqubo yeradar ekwaziyo ukubona ukuphefumla kwabasindileyo ngeendonga zekhonkrithi, nto leyo ebonisa ukutsiba okukhulu kubuchule bokufumanisa ubomi emva kwentlekele.
Eyona nto iphambili kule teknoloji kukudityaniswa kwayo ne-radar ye-Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) kunye ne-algorithms eziphambili zokucubungula isignali. Le nkqubo isebenzisa iindlela ezimbini zokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ukoyisa ukuphazamiseka kwesignali kwinkunkuma: eyokuqala iqikelela kwaye ihlawulela ukugqwetheka okubangelwa yimiqobo emikhulu, ngelixa eyesibini igxile ekufumaneni iintshukumo zesifuba ezingabonakaliyo (ngesiqhelo i-0.5-1.5 cm amplitude) ukusuka ekuphefumleni ukuya ekufumaneni iindawo zokusinda. Uvavanyo lwelabhoratri lubonisa amandla enkqubo okungena kwiindonga zekhonkrithi ezingama-40 cm ubukhulu kwaye ibone ukuphefumla ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezingama-3.28 ngasemva, kunye nokuchaneka kokubeka ngaphakathi kwe-±3.375 cm - kudlula kakhulu izixhobo zokubona ubomi eziqhelekileyo.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kokusebenza kuqinisekiswe ngeemeko zokuhlangula ezilinganisiweyo. Njengoko amavolontiya amane ebekwe ngasemva kweendonga zekhonkrithi ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo, inkqubo ikwazile ukubona imiqondiso yokuphefumla yabo bonke abantu abavavanywayo, igcina ukusebenza okuthembekileyo naphantsi kwemeko yodonga olunzima kakhulu oluyi-40 cm. Le ndlela yokungathintani isusa isidingo sokuba abahlanguli bangene kwiindawo eziyingozi, inciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokwenzakala kwesibini. Ngokungafaniyo neendlela zemveli ze-acoustic, infrared okanye optical, i-Doppler radar isebenza ngokuzimeleyo ebumnyameni, kumsi okanye kwingxolo, ivumela ukusebenza iiyure ezingama-24/7 ngexesha le-"golden-hour 72-hour" window yokuhlangula ebalulekileyo.
Itheyibhile: Uthelekiso Lokusebenza KweeTekhnoloji Zokufumanisa Ubomi Ezingena Ngaphakathi
| Ipharamitha | Iradar yeDoppler FMCW | Imifanekiso yobushushu | Izinzwa ze-Acoustic | Iikhamera ze-Optical |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukungena | Ikhonkrithi eyi-40cm | Akukho nanye | Inomda | Akukho nanye |
| Uluhlu lokuFumanisa | 3.28m | Umgca wokubona | Kuxhomekeke phakathi | Umgca wokubona |
| Ukuchaneka kokubeka indawo | ±3.375cm | ±50cm | ±1m | ±30cm |
| Imiqobo yokusingqongileyo | Okuncinci | Iyachaphazeleka bubushushu | Ifuna ukuthula | Ifuna ukukhanya |
| Ixesha Lokuphendula | Ixesha elilungile | Imizuzwana | Imizuzu | Ixesha elilungile |
Ixabiso elitsha lale nkqubo lidlula kwiinkcukacha zobugcisa ukuya ekusetyenzisweni kwayo okusebenzayo. Isixhobo sonke sinamacandelo amathathu kuphela: imodyuli yeradar ye-FMCW, iyunithi yekhompyutha encinci, kunye nebhetri ye-lithium ye-12V - zonke zingaphantsi kwe-10kg ukuze zithwalwe ngumntu omnye. Olu yilo lukhaphukhaphu lufanela ijografi ye-archipelagic yase-Indonesia kunye neemeko zeziseko zophuhliso ezonakeleyo ngokugqibeleleyo. Izicwangciso zokudibanisa ubuchwepheshe kunye needrone kunye namaqonga erobhothi ziya kwandisa ukufikelela kwayo kwiindawo ezingafikelelekiyo.
Ngokwembono yoluntu, i-radar yokubona ubomi engenela ngaphakathi inokuphucula kakhulu amandla okuphendula kwintlekele e-Indonesia. Ngexesha lenyikima-tsunami yasePalu ka-2018, iindlela eziqhelekileyo azizange zisebenze kakuhle kwinkunkuma yekhonkrithi, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba kubekho iingozi ezinokuthintelwa. Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kobu buchwepheshe kunokuphucula amazinga okubonwa kwabasindileyo ngama-30-50% kwiintlekele ezifanayo, okunokusindisa amakhulu okanye amawaka obomi. Njengoko kugxininiswe nguNjingalwazi u-Aloyius Adya Pramudita weYunivesithi yaseTelkom yase-Indonesia, injongo ephambili yobuchwepheshe ihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo nesicwangciso sokunciphisa intlekele se-National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB): "ukunciphisa ukulahleka kobomi kunye nokukhawulezisa ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo."
Imizamo yorhwebo iyaqhubeka, abaphandi besebenzisana namaqabane oshishino ukuguqula iprototype yelabhoratri ibe zizixhobo zokuhlangula eziqinileyo. Xa kujongwa umsebenzi wokunyikima oqhelekileyo e-Indonesia (umyinge wokungcangcazela okungaphezu kwama-5,000 ngonyaka), obu buchwephesha bunokuba zizixhobo eziqhelekileyo ze-BNPB kunye neearhente zentlekele zengingqi. Iqela lophando liqikelela ukusasazwa kwentsimi kwiminyaka emibini, iindleko zeeyunithi kulindeleke ukuba zehle ukusuka kwiprototype yangoku ye-$15,000 ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-$5,000 kwisikali - nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifikeleleke koorhulumente basekuhlaleni kuwo onke amaphondo angama-34 ase-Indonesia.
Izicelo zoLawulo lwezoThutho ezikrelekrele
Ukuxinana kwezithuthi okungapheliyo eJakarta (kubekwe kwindawo yesi-7 embi kwihlabathi liphela) kuye kwabangela usetyenziso olutsha lwe-Doppler radar kwiinkqubo zothutho ezikrelekrele. Iphulo lesixeko elithi “Smart City 4.0” liquka izinzwa ze-radar ezingaphezu kwama-800 kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zokudibana, nto leyo efezekisa:
- Ukunciphisa i-30% kwingxinano yexesha elixakekileyo ngokulawula isignali eguquguqukayo ngama-30%
- Uphuculo lwe-12% kwisantya esiphakathi sezithuthi (ukusuka kwi-18 ukuya kwi-20.2 km/h)
- Ukuncipha kwemizuzwana engama-45 kwixesha lokulinda eliphakathi kwiindawo zokunqumlana kweendlela zokuqhuba
Le nkqubo isebenzisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-24GHz Doppler radar kwimvula eshushu (ukuchaneka kokufumanisa okungama-99% xa iikhamera zimanzi kakhulu) ukulandelela isantya sesithuthi, uxinano, kunye nobude bomgca ngexesha langempela. Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha neZiko loLawulo lweTrafikhi laseJakarta kwenza uhlengahlengiso lwexesha lesignali oluguquguqukayo rhoqo emva kwemizuzu emi-2-5 ngokusekelwe ekuhambeni kwetrafikhi yokwenyani endaweni yeshedyuli emiselweyo.
Isifundo seTyala: Ukuphuculwa kweNdlela yaseGatot Subroto
- Iisensa zeradar ezingama-28 zifakwe kumgama we-4.3km
- Iimpawu ezizilungelelanisayo zinciphise ixesha lokuhamba ukusuka kwimizuzu engama-25 ukuya kweli-18
- Ukukhutshwa kwe-CO₂ kunciphe nge-1.2 yeetoni imihla ngemihla
- Ulwaphulo-mthetho lwendlela olufunyenweyo lunciphile ngama-35% ngokusebenzisa umthetho ozenzekelayo
Ukubeka iliso kwi-hydrological yokuthintela izikhukula
Iinkqubo zokulumkisa kwangaphambili ngezikhukula zase-Indonesia zidibanise itekhnoloji ye-Doppler radar kwiimbombo ezinkulu zemilambo ezili-18. Iprojekthi yembombo yoMlambo iCiliwung ingumzekelo wolu setyenziso:
- Izikhululo zeradar ezili-12 ezihamba ngemijelo zilinganisa isantya somphezulu rhoqo ngemizuzu emi-5
- Idityaniswe nee-sensors ze-ultrasonic level water ukuze kubalwe ukukhutshwa kwamanzi
- Idatha idluliselwe nge-GSM/LoRaWAN kwiimodeli zokuqikelela izikhukhula eziphakathi
- Ixesha lesilumkiso lolule ukusuka kwiiyure ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-6 eGreater Jakarta
Ukulinganisa okungachukumisiyo kweradar kungqineka kuluncedo kakhulu xa kukho izikhukula ezigcwele inkunkuma apho iimitha zamandla zemveli zingaphumeleli khona. Ukufakwa kwiibhulorho kuthintela iingozi emanzini ngelixa kubonelela ngokubekwa esweni rhoqo ngaphandle kokuchaphazeleka kukudaka.
Ukugcinwa Kwamahlathi kunye noKhuseleko Lwezilwanyana Zasendle
Kwi-Leuser Ecosystem yaseSumatra (indawo yokugqibela yokuhlala kwee-orangutan zaseSumatra), i-Doppler radar inceda eku:
- Ukubeka Iliso Kwizinto Ezingekho Emthethweni
- I-radar ye-60GHz ibona intshukumo yomntu ngokusebenzisa amagqabi axineneyo
- Ukwahlula abazingeli bezilwanyana ngobuchule obuyi-92%
- Igubungela i-radius ye-5km ngeyunithi nganye (xa kuthelekiswa ne-500m yeekhamera ze-infrared)
- Ukubeka iliso kwiCanopy
- I-radar yamaza e-millimeter ilandelela iipatheni zokushukuma kwemithi
- Ichonga umsebenzi wokungena ngokungekho mthethweni ngexesha langempela
- Inciphise ukugawulwa kwemithi okungagunyaziswanga ngama-43% kwiindawo zovavanyo
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi kwenkqubo (15W/sensor) kuvumela ukusebenza kwamandla elanga kwiindawo ezikude, ukuthumela izilumkiso ngesathelayithi xa kubonwa imisebenzi erhanelekayo.
Imingeni kunye neMigqaliselo yexesha elizayo
Nangona kukho iziphumo ezithembisayo, ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kujongana nemiqobo emininzi yokuphunyezwa:
- Imida yoBugcisa
- Ukufuma okuphezulu (>80% RH) kunokunciphisa imiqondiso yefrikhwensi ephezulu
- Iindawo ezixineneyo zasezidolophini zidala ukuphazamiseka kweendlela ezininzi
- Ubuchule obuncinci bobuchwephesha bendawo bokulungisa
- Izinto zoqoqosho
- Iindleko zesensa zangoku ($3,000-$8,000/iyunithi) zijongene nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwasekuhlaleni.
- Ubalo lwe-ROI alucacanga koomasipala abangenamali
- Ukuxhomekeka kubaboneleli bamanye amazwe kwizinto eziphambili
- Imiqobo Yeziko
- Ukwabelana ngedatha phakathi kweearhente ezahlukeneyo kuseyingxaki
- Ukunqongophala kweenkqubo ezisemgangathweni zokudibanisa idatha yeradar
- Ukulibaziseka okusemthethweni ekwabiweni kwe-spectrum
Izisombululo ezintsha ziquka:
- Ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ze-77GHz ezingatshisi ukufuma
- Ukuseka izakhiwo zendibano zasekuhlaleni ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko
- Ukudala iinkqubo zokudlulisela ulwazi phakathi kukarhulumente nezemfundo
- Ukuphumeza amaqhinga okuqalisa aqalwa ngezigaba ngezigaba, kuqalwa ngeendawo ezinefuthe elikhulu
Izicelo zexesha elizayo eziza kubakho ziquka:
- Iinethiwekhi zeradar ezisekelwe kwidrone zovavanyo lwentlekele
- Iinkqubo zokubona ukudilika komhlaba ngokuzenzekelayo
- Ukubeka iliso kwindawo yokuloba ngobuchule ukuze kuthintelwe ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo
- Ukulandelela ukukhukuliseka konxweme ngokuchaneka kwamaza e-millimeter
Ngotyalo-mali olufanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo, iteknoloji ye-radar ye-Doppler inokuba sisiseko sotshintsho lwedijithali lwase-Indonesia, iphucule ukuqina kuzo zonke iziqithi zayo ezili-17,000 ngelixa idala amathuba amatsha emisebenzi yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ekuhlaleni. Amava ase-Indonesia abonisa indlela iteknoloji yokuqonda ephucukileyo enokulungiswa ngayo ukujongana nemingeni eyahlukileyo yamazwe asaphuhlayo xa isetyenziswa ngamaqhinga afanelekileyo okwakha indawo.
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Ixesha leposi: Juni-24-2025