Njengelizwe leziqithi, iPhilippines ijongene nemingeni emininzi kulawulo lwemithombo yamanzi, kuquka ungcoliseko lwamanzi okusela, ukukhula kakhulu kolwelwe, kunye nokuwohloka komgangatho wamanzi emva kweentlekele zemvelo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji yokuva, izinzwa zokungcoliswa kwamanzi ziye zadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekujongeni imeko yokusingqongileyo kwamanzi kunye nolawulo ePhilippines. Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya ngokucwangcisiweyo iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zokungcoliswa kwamanzi ePhilippines, kubandakanya izicelo zazo ezithile ekujongeni imisebenzi yamanzi, ulawulo lwelwelwe echibini, unyango lwamanzi amdaka, kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwintlekele. Hlola impembelelo yezi zicelo zobuchwepheshe kulawulo lomgangatho wamanzi, impilo yoluntu, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho ePhilippines; Kwaye ujonge phambili kwiindlela zophuhliso zexesha elizayo kunye nemingeni ejongene nayo. Ngokuhlela amava asebenzayo okusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zokungcoliswa kwamanzi ePhilippines, inokubonelela ngeereferensi eziluncedo zokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokujonga umgangatho wamanzi kwamanye amazwe asaphuhlayo.
Imvelaphi kunye nemingeni yokubeka iliso kuMgangatho waManzi ePhilippines
Njengelizwe eliyintsika kuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia, iPhilippines yenziwe ziziqithi ezingaphezu kwama-7,000. Indawo yayo eyahlukileyo yejografi ibangela imingeni emininzi ekhethekileyo kulawulo lwemithombo yamanzi. Imvula eqhelekileyo ngonyaka kweli lizwe ifikelela kwi-2,348 millimeters. Isixa sisonke semithombo yamanzi sininzi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokusasazwa okungalinganiyo, ukungonelanga kweziseko zophuhliso kunye neengxaki ezinkulu zongcoliseko, inani elikhulu labantu lisajongene nemiba yokhuseleko lwamanzi okusela. Ngokwedatha evela kwi-World Health Organisation, malunga nezigidi ezi-8 zabantu ePhilippines abanalo ukufikelela kumanzi okusela akhuselekileyo, kwaye imiba yomgangatho wamanzi iye yaba yinto ebalulekileyo esongela impilo yoluntu.
Iingxaki zomgangatho wamanzi ePhilippines zibonakala kakhulu kwezi nkalo zilandelayo: Ungcoliseko olukhulu lwamanzi, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi ezifana nommandla wedolophu yaseManila, apho amanzi amdaka emizi-mveliso, amanzi amdaka asekhaya kunye nokuchitheka kwamanzi kwezolimo kubangela ukugcwala kwamanzi; Ingxaki yokukhula kakhulu kolwelwe iyabonakala. Umzekelo, iintyatyambo zelwelwe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zihlala zenzeka kwiindawo ezinkulu zamanzi ezifana neLaguna Lake, ezingavelisi nje kuphela ivumba elibi kodwa zikhupha neetyhefu zelwelwe, zisongela ukhuseleko lwamanzi okusela. Ungcoliseko lwentsimbi enzima lukho emanzini ajikeleze ezinye iindawo zoshishino. Umzekelo, kunxweme lwaseManila Bay, kufunyenwe amanqanaba amaninzi eentsimbi ezinzima ezifana ne-cadmium (Cd), i-lead (Pb), kunye ne-copper (Cu). Ukongeza, iPhilippines idla ngokuchaphazeleka zizivuthuvuthu kunye nezikhukula, kwaye ukonakala komgangatho wamanzi emva kweentlekele nako kuxhaphake kakhulu.
Iindlela zemveli zokujonga umgangatho wamanzi zijongene nemiqobo emininzi yokuphunyezwa ePhilippines: Uhlalutyo lwelabhoratri lubiza kakhulu kwaye luthatha ixesha, kwaye kunzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokujonga ngexesha langempela; Ukuthatha iisampulu ngesandla kunqunyelwe yimeko-bume enzima yeendawo zasePhilippines, kwaye iindawo ezininzi ezikude kunzima ukuzigubungela. Idatha yokujonga isasazeke kumaziko ahlukeneyo, ingenalo iqonga lolawulo nohlalutyo elidibeneyo. Zonke ezi zinto ziye zathintela amandla ePhilippines okujongana nemingeni yomgangatho wamanzi ngempumelelo.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, izinzwa zokuxinana kwamanzi, njengesixhobo sokujonga esisebenzayo nesisebenza ngexesha langempela, zisetyenziswa kakhulu ePhilippines. Ukuxinana kwamanzi luphawu olubalulekileyo lokulinganisa umxholo wezinto ezixutyiweyo emanzini. Akuchaphazeli ngokuthe ngqo kuphela iimpawu zeemvakalelo zamanzi kodwa kukwanxulumene kakhulu nobukho bezifo kunye noxinzelelo lweekhemikhali ezingcolisayo. Izinzwa zokuxinana zanamhlanje ziyilwe ngokusekelwe kumgaqo wokukhanya okusasazekayo. Xa umqadi wokukhanya ungena kwisampuli yamanzi, amasuntswana axutyiweyo abangela ukuba ukukhanya kuchithakale. Ngokulinganisa amandla okukhanya okusasazekayo kwicala elithe nkqo kukukhanya kwesiganeko kunye nokuthelekisa nexabiso lokulinganisa langaphakathi, ixabiso lokuxinana kwamanzi kwisampuli yamanzi linokubalwa. Le teknoloji ineengenelo zokulinganisa ngokukhawuleza, iziphumo ezichanekileyo kunye nokujonga okuqhubekayo, kwaye ifanelekile ngakumbi kwiimfuno zokujonga umgangatho wamanzi ePhilippines.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-Intanethi yezinto (iot) kunye neenethiwekhi ze-sensor ezingenazingcingo, iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwe-turbidity sensors ePhilippines ziye zanda ngokuqhubekayo, ukusuka ekujongeni imisebenzi yamanzi yendabuko ukuya kwiindawo ezininzi ezifana nolawulo lwamachibi, unyango lwamanzi amdaka, kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza. Ukwaziswa kwezi teknoloji kutshintsha indlela elawulwa ngayo umgangatho wamanzi ePhilippines kwaye kubonelela ngezisombululo ezintsha zokujongana nemingeni yomgangatho wamanzi ekudala ikho.
Isishwankathelo seTekhnoloji yeSensor yeTurbidity kunye nokusebenza kwayo ePhilippines
Njengenye yezixhobo eziphambili zokujonga umgangatho wamanzi, umgaqo wobugcisa we-turbidity sensor kunye neempawu zokusebenza zimisela ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokuthembeka kwayo kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo. Ii-turbidity sensors zanamhlanje zisebenzisa imigaqo yokulinganisa ukukhanya, kubandakanya indlela yokukhanya okusasazekayo, indlela yokukhanya okudluliselweyo kunye nendlela yokulinganisa, phakathi kwayo indlela yokukhanya okusasazekayo iye yaba yiteknoloji ephambili ngenxa yokuchaneka kwayo okuphezulu kunye nokuzinza. Xa umqadi wokukhanya udlula kwisampulu yamanzi, amasuntswana axhonyiweyo emanzini abangela ukuba ukukhanya kuchithakale. I-sensor imisela ixabiso le-turbidity ngokufumanisa ubukhali bokukhanya okusasazekayo kwi-Angle ethile (ngesiqhelo i-90°). Le ndlela yokulinganisa engaqhagamshelwanga ithintela iingxaki zongcoliseko lwe-electrode kwaye ifanelekile ukujonga ixesha elide kwi-intanethi.
Iiparameter zokusebenza eziphambili zeenzwa zokuxinana ziquka uluhlu lokulinganisa (ngesiqhelo i-0-2000NTU okanye ebanzi), isisombululo (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.1NTU), ukuchaneka (±1%-5%), ixesha lokuphendula, uluhlu lokuhlawula ubushushu, kunye nenqanaba lokukhusela, njl. Phantsi kweemeko zemozulu zasePhilippines ezishushu, ukulungelelaniswa kwendalo kweenzwa kubaluleke kakhulu, kubandakanya ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu (uluhlu lokusebenza lwe-0-50℃), inqanaba lokukhusela eliphezulu (ukungangeni manzi kwe-IP68), kunye nokukwazi ukunamathela okuchasene nebhayoloji 78. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ezinye iinzwa eziphezulu nazo zidibanise umsebenzi wokucoca ngokuzenzekelayo, osusa rhoqo ungcoliseko kumphezulu wesenzwa ngeebhrashi zoomatshini okanye itekhnoloji ye-ultrasonic, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu imvamisa yokugcinwa.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zokufunxa amanzi ePhilippines kunokuguquguquka kobuchwephesha obukhethekileyo. Okokuqala, ukufunxa amanzi aphezulu yingxaki eqhelekileyo kwiindawo zamanzi ePhilippines, ingakumbi ngexesha lemvula xa amanzi aphuma kumphezulu enyuka. Iindlela zelebhu zemveli kunzima ukubamba utshintsho lomgangatho wamanzi ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ngelixa izinzwa zokufunxa amanzi kwi-intanethi zinokubonelela ngedatha yokubeka esweni rhoqo. Okwesibini, kwiindawo ezininzi zasePhilippines, umbane awuzinzanga. Izinzwa zanamhlanje ezinamandla aphantsi (ezinokusetyenziswa kwamandla <0.5W) zinokusetyenziswa ngamandla elanga kwaye zifanelekile ukuthunyelwa kwiindawo ezikude. Ngaphezu koko, iPhilippines ineziqithi ezininzi kwaye iindleko zokudluliselwa kwedatha enentambo ziphezulu. Isinzwa sokufunxa amanzi sixhasa iinkqubo zonxibelelwano ezingenazingcingo (ezifana ne-RS485 Modbus/RTU, LoRaWAN, njl.njl.), ezilungele ukwakha inethiwekhi yokubeka esweni esasazwayo 8.
Ukusasazwa kwezinzwa zoxinzelelo ePhilippines kudla ngokudityaniswa nokubekwa esweni kwezinye iiparameter zomgangatho wamanzi ukuze kwenziwe inkqubo yokubeka esweni umgangatho wamanzi eneeparameter ezininzi. Iiparameter eziqhelekileyo ezidityanisiweyo ziquka ixabiso le-pH, ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo (DO), ukuqhuba kombane, ubushushu, i-ammonia nitrogen, njl. Ezi parameters zidibene zibonelela ngovavanyo olupheleleyo lomgangatho wamanzi. Umzekelo, ekubekweni esweni kwealgae, ukudityaniswa kwedatha yoxinzelelo kunye namaxabiso e-chlorophyll fluorescence kunokumisela ngokuchanekileyo imeko yokuzala kwealgae. Kwinkqubo yonyango lwamanzi amdaka, uhlalutyo lolwalamano phakathi koxinzelelo kunye ne-COD (iMfuno yeOksijini yeChemical) iluncedo ekwenzeni ngcono inkqubo yonyango. Olu yilo ludityanisiweyo lweeparameter ezininzi luphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokubeka esweni kwaye lunciphisa iindleko zokusasazwa zizonke.
Ngokwembono yeendlela zophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, ukusetyenziswa kwezinzwa ze-turbidity ePhilippines kuya phambili kubukrelekrele kunye nothungelwano. Isizukulwana esitsha sezinzwa asinazo nje kuphela imisebenzi yokulinganisa esisiseko, kodwa sikwadibanisa amandla e-edge computing, okuvumela ukucubungula idatha yendawo kunye nokufunyanwa kwezinto ezingaqhelekanga. Ukufikelela kunye nokwabelana ngedatha kude kufezekiswa ngeqonga lefu, kuxhasa ukubukela ngexesha langempela kuzo zombini ii-PC kunye nee-terminals zeselula. 78 Umzekelo, iSunshine Smart Cloud Platform inokufezekisa ukujonga ilifu kunye nokugcinwa kwedatha yezinzwa kuyo yonke imozulu, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafumane idatha yembali ngaxeshanye ngaphandle kokuba kwi-intanethi rhoqo. Olu phuculo lwetekhnoloji lubonelele ngezixhobo ezinamandla zolawulo lwemithombo yamanzi ePhilippines, ngakumbi ukubonisa ixabiso elikhethekileyo ekuphenduleni kwiziganeko zomgangatho wamanzi ngequbuliso kunye nohlalutyo lwendlela yexesha elide.
Singabonelela ngezisombululo ezahlukeneyo
1. Imitha ephathwayo yomgangatho wamanzi weparameter ezininzi
2. Inkqubo ye-Floating Buoy yomgangatho wamanzi we-multi-parameter
3. Ibrashi yokucoca ngokuzenzekelayo yesixhobo sokuvavanya amanzi esineeparameter ezininzi
4. Iseti epheleleyo yeeseva kunye nemodyuli engenazingcingo yesoftware, ixhasa i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nesensa yamanzi,
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Ixesha leposi: Juni-20-2025