IiGauji zeMvula zePlasitiki eziTipping Ziba "yiNerve Endings" yeGlobal Hydrological Monitoring Network, iNceda ekulweni iMvula eNgamandla.

[Ii-Frontiers in Global Hydrological Monitoring] Ngokuchasene nomva weziganeko zokuna kwemvula rhoqo ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu yehlabathi, isixhobo esibonakala silula kodwa sibalulekile-i-plastic tipping bucket gauge yemvula-iyasetyenziswa ngoxinaniso olungazange lubonwe kwihlabathi jikelele, lwenza "iziphelo zemithambo-luvo" yothungelwano lwehlabathi lokuhlola amanzi. Ukususela kwixesha lemvula eMzantsi-mpuma Asia ukuya kwixesha lenkanyamba eMelika, ezi zixhobo zokubeka iliso zemvula ezenziwe kwiiplastiki zobunjineli ezisebenza kakhulu zibonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela lokuthintela kunye nokunciphisa iintlekele, ulawulo lobutyebi bamanzi kunye nophando lwemozulu.

Ukunyuka kweMfuno: i-Asia-mpuma ye-Asiya, uMzantsi Asia njengeeNdawo zeSicelo, iMiboniso yoVeliso yaseTshayina eluncedo

Nangona kungekho kumgangatho wemfuno welizwe elikhethekileyo, iingxelo zeshishini kunye nolwazi lwekhonkco lonikezelo lubonisa ukuba kwiminyaka yakutshanje, eyona mfuno inamandla yeegeyiji zemvula ze-emele yeplastiki igxininiswe kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia (umzekelo, i-Indonesia, iiPhilippines, iThailand) kunye noMzantsi Asia (umzekelo, i-India, i-Bangladesh). Le mimandla inabemi abaninzi, ezolimo zabo zixhomekeke kakhulu emvuleni, kwaye zithwaxwa zizoyikiso zezikhukula, zidala imfuno engqongqo yezixhobo zokujonga imvula ezingabizi kakhulu, zithembeke kakhulu, nezisebenziseka lula.

Kule mfuno yehlabathi, "Yenziwe eChina" idlala indima ebalulekileyo. Itsheyini yoshishino lokungunda lweplastiki olusekwe kakuhle lwaseTshayina luyenza ikwazi ukuvelisa iigeyiji zemvula zeplastiki ezincamisayo ezinomgangatho ozinzileyo kunye namaxabiso akhuphisanayo, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusasazwa kothungelwano olukhulu kwihlabathi, ngakumbi kumazwe asakhasayo.

Uhlalutyo lobuGcisa: Kutheni iNdibaniselwano egqibeleleyo "yePlastiki" kunye ne "Tipping Bucket"?

Imilinganiselo yemvula eqhelekileyo yayidla ngokwenziwa ngentsimbi okanye ngeglasi, eyomeleleyo kodwa ebiza imali eninzi, enzima netyekele ekudlekeni. Impumelelo yegeyiji yemvula yebhakethi yokuncamisa ibhakethi ilele kuyilo lwayo olukrelekrele kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto:

• Ukuxhathisa i-Corrosion kunye noLightweight: Ukusebenzisa iiplastiki zobunjineli ezisebenza kakhulu njenge-ABS okanye i-polycarbonate, ziyakwazi ukuxhathisa i-corrosion kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemozulu ezinzima kwaye zikhaphukhaphu kakhulu, ziququzelela ukufakwa kunye nokugcinwa kwiindawo ezikude.
• Ukuzenzakalela kunye nokubanakho kweXesha lokwenyani: Elona candelo lelona “bhakethi lokuncamisa” elichanekileyo. Ngalo lonke ixesha iqokelela inani elimiselweyo lemvula (umzekelo, i-0.1 mm okanye i-0.2 mm), ibhakethi ngokuzenzekelayo iingcebiso, ibangela umqondiso wombane. Lo mqondiso unokuhanjiswa ngexesha langempela kumaziko edatha ngokusebenzisa i-wireless technologies (umzekelo, i-4G / 5G, i-LoRa, i-NB-IoT), ukufezekisa ukuqokelela okuzenzekelayo kunye nokuhanjiswa okude kwedatha yemvula, ngokusisiseko ukuguqula indlela yokufunda yendabuko.
• Ukwenziwa kweSigqibo esiqhutywa yiDatha: Kumathafa oMlambo iGanges eIndiya, uthungelwano lwegeyiji yemvula exineneyo lubonelela ngedatha yemvula yenqanaba lemizuzu yeenkqubo zokulumkisa ngezikhukula, ukuthenga ixesha elixabisekileyo lokufuduswa kweedolophu ezisezantsi. Kwiindawo ezisezintabeni zasePhilippines, idatha yemvula yexesha langempela sisiseko esibalulekileyo sokukhupha izilumkiso zentlekele.

Iimeko zeSicelo: Ukusuka kuLawulo lwaManzi eDolophini ukuya kuLimo lweSmart

Ukusetyenziswa kweegeyiji zemvula zamabhakethi ezincamisayo zeplastiki kugqithise kakhulu umda wezikhululo zemozulu zesiqhelo kwaye kuya kusiba nzulu kwiinkalo zokuphila zoluntu:

1. I-Smart Cities kunye noLawulo lweZikhukula: Ukuhambisa imilinganiselo yemvula kwiindawo ezisezidolophini ezijongene nezikhukhula kunye neendawo eziphambili zothungelwano lwe-drainal networks ziyakwazi ukubeka iliso kumandla emvula yendawo ngexesha langempela, ukubonelela ngesiseko sokwenza izigqibo kwiiplatifomu zamanzi zasezidolophini kunye nokuvumela ukusebenza kwesikhululo sokupompa esihlakaniphile kunye nokulawulwa kwezithuthi kwangaphambili.
2. ULawulo lwezoLimo oluchanekileyo kunye noLawulo loMthombo waManzi: Kwiifama ezinkulu, ukudibanisa idatha yokuna kwemvula kunye neenkcukacha zokunyakama komhlaba kunceda amafama aqulunqe ngokuchanekileyo iishedyuli zokunkcenkceshela, ukugcina ubutyebi bamanzi. Kwinqanaba lamanzi, le datha sisiseko senzululwazi sokucwangciswa kwedama kunye nokwabiwa kwamanzi.
3. UPhando lweMozulu kunye noLwakhiwo lweziSeko ezinguNdoqo: Ixesha elide, iinkcukacha zemvula eninzi zixabisekile kwiinzululwazi ezifunda ngotshintsho kwiipateni zeemvula phantsi kokutshintsha kwemozulu kwaye sisalathiso esibalulekileyo sokuhlaziya imigangatho yoyilo lweziseko ezingundoqo ezifana neebhulorho namadama.

Ikamva lekamva: Ukudityaniswa kwe-IoT, ukwakha iNethiwekhi yokubona eDityanisiweyo "yeSpace-Sky-Ground"

Iingcali zemizi-mveliso zichaza ukuba i-bucket ye-bucket gauge yemvula yexesha elizayo ayizukuba sisiva esizimeleyo kodwa iya kuphinda idibanise amandla elanga, amandla anamandla ekhompyuter, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, ibe yindawo engaphakathi kwi-Intanethi yeZinto (IoT). Bekunye ne-radar yemozulu kunye ne-remote sensing yesathelayithi, baya kwenza uthungelwano oluhlanganisiweyo lokujongwa kwemvula “I-Space-Sky-Ground”, lubonelele ngeenkonzo ezichaneke ngakumbi nezingexesha “zomthumeli” ukuhlangabezana nemozulu eguquguqukayo eyandayo.

Njengoko ugxininiso lwehlabathi kubuchule bokuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kwemozulu luqhubela phambili ukukhula, ububanzi besicelo kunye nobunzulu bale gauji encinci yemvula yeplastiki, ilitye lembombo lohlolo olusisiseko lokuhamba kwamanzi, kulindeleke ukuba luqhubeleke ngokukhula.