Iigeyiji zemvula zebhakethi ezijika ngeplastiki ziba “ziisiphelo zemithambo-luvo” zeNethiwekhi yoLawulo lweMisinga yeHlabathi, zinceda ekulweni nemvula enkulu

[Imida kwiLiso leMitha yeHlabathi] Ngokuchasene neemeko zemvula ezixhaphakileyo ngenxa yotshintsho lwemozulu kwihlabathi liphela, isixhobo esibonakala silula kodwa sibalulekileyo—i-plastic tipping bucket rain gauge—sisetyenziswa ngobuninzi obungazange bubonwe kwihlabathi liphela, senza “iziphelo zemithambo-luvo” zenethiwekhi yehlabathi yokujonga amanzi. Ukususela kumaxesha emvula eMzantsi-mpuma Asia ukuya kumaxesha eenkanyamba eMelika, ezi zixhobo zokujonga imvula ezenziwe ngeplastiki yobunjineli esebenza kakhulu zibonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela ebalulekileyo yokuthintela nokunciphisa iintlekele, ulawulo lwemithombo yamanzi, kunye nophando lwemozulu.

Ukwanda kweMfuno: uMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, uMzantsi Asia njengeendawo ezishushu zokusetyenziswa, uMveliso waseTshayina ubonisa iingenelo

Nangona kungekho luhlu olusemthethweni lwemfuno oluchazwe kwilizwe elithile, iingxelo zoshishino kunye nolwazi lwekhonkco lobonelelo lubonisa ukuba kwiminyaka yakutshanje, eyona mfuno inamandla yeegeyiji zemvula zeplastiki ezithi tyaba ziye zagxila kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia (umz., i-Indonesia, iPhilippines, iThailand) kunye noMzantsi Asia (umz., i-India, iBangladesh). Ezi ndawo zinabantu abaninzi, ezolimo zazo zixhomekeke kakhulu kwimvula, kwaye zithwaxwa zizisongelo zezikhukula, nto leyo edala imfuno eqinileyo yezixhobo zokujonga imvula ezingabizi kakhulu, ezinokuthenjwa kakhulu, nezisebenziseka lula.

Kule mfuno yehlabathi, i-“Made in China” idlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ishishini leplastiki elisekwe kakuhle laseTshayina lenza ukuba likwazi ukuvelisa iigeyiji zemvula zebhakethi yeplastiki enika imvula enomgangatho ozinzileyo kunye namaxabiso akhuphisanayo, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusasazwa kwenethiwekhi enkulu kwihlabathi liphela, ngakumbi kumazwe asakhasayo.

Uhlalutyo loBugcisa: Kutheni kukho udibaniso olugqibeleleyo lwe "Plastiki" kunye ne "Tipping Bucket"?

Iigeyiji zemvula zemveli zazidla ngokwenziwa ngesinyithi okanye ngeglasi, eziqinileyo kodwa zibiza kakhulu, zinzima, kwaye zinokonakala lula. Impumelelo yegeyiji yemvula yeplastiki ejika ibekwe kuyilo lwayo olunobuchule kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto:

• Ukumelana Nokugqwala Nobunzima: Ukusebenzisa iiplastiki zobunjineli ezisebenza kakuhle njenge-ABS okanye i-polycarbonate, zinokumelana nokugqwala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemozulu ezinzima kwaye zilula kakhulu, zinceda ukufakwa nokugcinwa kwiindawo ezikude.
• Ukuzenzekelayo kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza ngexesha langempela: Icandelo eliphambili "yibhakethi yokujika" echanekileyo. Ngalo lonke ixesha iqokelela ubungakanani obumiselweyo bemvula (umz., 0.1 mm okanye 0.2 mm), ibhakethi iyajika ngokuzenzekelayo, ibangele isignali yombane. Esi signali sinokudluliselwa ngexesha langempela kwiindawo zedatha ngetekhnoloji enezintambo okanye engenazingcingo (umz., 4G/5G, LoRa, NB-IoT), ifezekisa ukuqokelelwa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokudluliselwa kwedatha yemvula kude, nto leyo etshintsha ngokusisiseko indlela yokufunda ngesandla yendabuko.
• Ukwenziwa Kwezigqibo Eziqhutywa Yidatha: Kumathafa oMlambo iGanges eIndiya, iinethiwekhi zokulinganisa imvula ezisasazwe ngokuxinana zibonelela ngedatha yemvula ekwinqanaba lemizuzu kwiinkqubo zokulumkisa ngezikhukula, nto leyo ethenga ixesha elibalulekileyo lokufuduka kwiidolophu ezisezantsi komlambo. Kwimimandla yeentaba zasePhilippines, idatha yemvula yexesha langempela sisiseko esibalulekileyo sokukhupha izilumkiso zeentlekele zokudilika komhlaba.

Imeko Zokusetyenziswa: Ukusuka Kulawulo Lwamanzi Ezidolophini ukuya Kwizolimo Ezikrelekrele

Ukusetyenziswa kweegeyiji zemvula zeplastiki ezijika imvula kudlule kakhulu umda weendawo zemozulu zemveli kwaye kungena nzulu kwiindawo zoluntu zokuziphilisa:

1. Izixeko Ezikrelekrele Nolawulo Lwezikhukula: Ukubeka iigeyiji zemvula kwiindawo ezisemadolobheni ezithandwa zizikhukula kunye neendawo eziphambili zenethiwekhi yokuhambisa amanzi kunokujonga ubunzulu beziphepho zemvula zasekuhlaleni ngexesha langempela, kubonelela ngesiseko sokwenza izigqibo kumaqonga amanzi akrelekrele asezidolophini kunye nokuvumela ukusebenza kwezikhululo zokumpompa ezikrelekrele kunye nolawulo lwezithuthi olungaphambi kokuqalisa.
2. Ulimo Oluchanekileyo kunye noLawulo lweMithombo yamanzi: Kwiifama ezinkulu, ukudibanisa idatha yemvula kunye nedatha yokufuma komhlaba kunceda abalimi ukuba bakhe ngokuchanekileyo iishedyuli zokunkcenkceshela, balondoloze imithombo yamanzi. Kwinqanaba le-watershed, le datha isisiseko sesayensi sokucwangciswa kweendawo zokugcina amanzi kunye nokwabiwa kwamanzi.
3. Uphando lweMozulu kunye noKwakhiwa kweZiseko zoPhuhliso: Idatha yemvula ebanzi yexesha elide ibalulekile kwizazinzulu ezifunda utshintsho kwiipateni zemvula phantsi kotshintsho lwemozulu kwaye iyindawo ebalulekileyo yokuhlaziya imigangatho yoyilo lweziseko zophuhliso ezinkulu ezifana neebhulorho namadama.

Imbono Yekamva: Ukuhlanganiswa kwi-IoT, Ukwakhiwa kweNethiwekhi Yokuqonda Edibeneyo "yeSithuba-iSibhakabhaka-uMhlaba"

Iingcali zoshishino zithi i-plastic tipping bucket rain gauge yexesha elizayo ayizukuba yi-sensor ezimeleyo kuphela kodwa iya kudibanisa ngakumbi amandla elanga, amandla e-edge computing anamandla ngakumbi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi, ibe yi-node ngaphakathi kwe-Intanethi enkulu yezinto (IoT). Kunye ne-radar yemozulu kunye ne-satellite remote sensing, baya kwenza inethiwekhi edibeneyo yokujonga imvula "ye-Space-Sky-Ground", ebonelela ngeenkonzo "zomlindi" ezichanekileyo nezifike ngexesha ukuze bajongane nemozulu eguquguqukayo ngakumbi.

Njengoko ugxininiso lwehlabathi jikelele kubuchule bokuziqhelanisa notshintsho lwemozulu luqhubeka lukhula, ububanzi kunye nobunzulu bokusetyenziswa kwesi silinganisi semvula esincinci seplastiki, isiseko sokujonga okusisiseko kwamanzi, kulindeleke ukuba siqhubeke nokukhula.