Izinzwa zamanzi ezisebenzisa i-piezoresistive ziye zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesicwangciso solawulo lwamanzi saseSingapore esibanzi, esixhasa utshintsho lwesizwe oluya kwi-"Smart Water Grid." Eli nqaku lihlola ukusetyenziswa okuhlukeneyo kwezi sensors ziqinileyo nezichanekileyo kwiinkqubo zamanzi zasezidolophini zaseSingapore, ukusuka ekuthinteleni izikhukula ukuya kulawulo lwamachibi kunye neenethiwekhi zamanzi ezikrelekrele. Njengetekhnoloji eguqula uxinzelelo lwamanzi lube ziimpawu zombane ngokusebenzisa izinto ezisebenzisa i-piezoresistive, ezi sensors zibonelela iBhodi yeeNkonzo zoLuntu zaseSingapore (i-PUB) ngedatha ethembekileyo, yexesha langempela yokuphucula ukusebenza, ukuphucula ukuqina kwenkqubo, kunye nokuphucula ukunikezelwa kweenkonzo kwiziseko zamanzi ezintsonkothileyo zelizwe.
Intshayelelo kwiPiezoresistive Sensing kwiCandelo laManzi laseSingapore
Uhambo lweSingapore lokuba yinkokeli yehlabathi kulawulo lwamanzi luqhutywe yimfuno. Njengelizwe elincinci elikwisiqithi elinemithombo yamanzi enqongopheleyo kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu kwiimpembelelo zotshintsho lwemozulu ezifana nemvula enamandla kunye nokunyuka komgangatho wolwandle, iSingapore ityale imali eninzi kubuchwepheshe bamanzi obutsha. Phakathi kwezi, izinzwa zamanzi ezisebenzisa i-piezoresistive ziye zavela njengecandelo elibalulekileyo leziseko zophuhliso zokujonga amanzi zelizwe, zibonelela ngokuthembeka okungaqhelekanga kunye nokuchaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zasemanzini.
Ii-sensors ze-piezoresistive zisebenza ngomgaqo wokuba izinto ezithile zitshintsha ukumelana kwazo nombane xa ziphantsi koxinzelelo loomatshini. Kwizicelo zamanqanaba amanzi, ezi sensors zilinganisa uxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic olukhutshwa yikholamu yamanzi, oluhambelana ngqo nokuphakama kwamanzi. Olu lwalamano lwendalo luvumela ukuqinisekiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwenqanaba lamanzi nokuba amanzi acacile kangakanani, ukuxinana kwamanzi, okanye ukubakho kwezinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo—izinto ezihlala zijongene nobuchwepheshe obuhlukeneyo njengee-sensors ze-ultrasonic okanye ze-optical.
IBhodi yeeNkonzo zoLuntu (i-PUB), i-arhente yesizwe yamanzi yaseSingapore, isebenzise ngokusesikweni izinzwa ze-piezoresistive kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zolawulo lwamanzi. Ezi zixhobo zijongana nemingeni eyahlukeneyo yaseSingapore: imfuneko yokuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo izikhukula kwimozulu yetropiki enokuthwaxwa yimvula enkulu, imfuneko yolawulo oluchanekileyo lwamachibi kwilizwe elinqongopheleyo lomhlaba elidale amachibi amaninzi asezidolophini, kunye nemfuno yedatha ethembekileyo yokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yokubonelela ngamanzi enzima nedibeneyo.
Ibali lamanzi laseSingapore lelotshintsho—ukusuka ekunqongophaleni kwamanzi ukuya kukhuseleko lwamanzi. IiTaps zeSizwe ezine zelizwe (amanzi afumanekayo kwindawo ethile, amanzi angeniswa kwamanye amazwe, i-NEWater, kunye namanzi akhutshwe ityuwa) zimele icebo lokubonelela ngamanzi elihlukeneyo apho icandelo ngalinye lifuna ukujongwa ngononophelo. Izinzwa ze-piezoresistive zinegalelo kweli cebo ngokubonelela ngedatha echanekileyo, yexesha langempela efunekayo ukuphucula ukusebenza kuzo zonke iitaps ezine, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zasekuhlaleni ezifumana amanzi ngoku ukusuka kwisibini kwisithathu somhlaba waseSingapore.
Ukwamkelwa kwetekhnoloji ye-piezoresistive kuhambelana nesicwangciso se-Smart Nation esibanzi saseSingapore, esigxininisa ekwenzeni izigqibo eziqhutywa yidatha kuwo onke amacandelo. Kulawulo lwamanzi, oku kuthetha ukuba zizixhobo ezibonelela ngemilinganiselo kuphela kodwa ezidibanisa ngokungenamthungo namaqonga ohlalutyo aphambili, okuvumela ukugcinwa kokuqikelela, iinkqubo zolawulo oluzenzekelayo, kunye nobuchule bokulumkisa kwangethuba. Ukuqina kwezinzwa ze-piezoresistive—ukukwazi kwazo ukugcina ukuchaneka nangona zingcolisa i-biofouling, ukuguquguquka kobushushu, kunye nokusasazwa kwexesha elide—kwenza ukuba zifaneleke ngokukodwa kwindawo eshushu yaseSingapore kunye nemigangatho eqinileyo ye-PUB yomgangatho wedatha kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo.
Iinkqubo zokuJonga izikhukhula kunye nezilumkiso kwangethuba
Imozulu yaseSingapore eshushu ibangela imvula enamandla enokuthi igubungele iinkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukujongwa kwezikhukula kube yinto ebalulekileyo ukuze izixeko zikwazi ukumelana nobunzima. IBhodi yeeNkonzo zoLuntu (i-PUB) iqalise inethiwekhi ebanzi yeenzwa zamanzi ezisebenzisa i-piezoresistive njengenxalenye yesicwangciso sayo sokulawula umngcipheko wezikhukula, idala enye yezona nkqubo ziphambili zokulumkisa ngezikhukula zasezidolophini kwihlabathi liphela. Ezi sensor zibonelela ngedatha ebalulekileyo efunekayo ukuqikelela, ukujonga, kunye nokuphendula kwiziganeko zezikhukula kulo lonke ilizwe lesiqithi.
Ukusasazwa kweSensor kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu
I-PUB ifake ii-sensors ze-piezoresistive ngobuchule kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ezingama-200 kulo lonke uthungelwano lokuhambisa amanzi eSingapore, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezisezantsi nakwiindawo ezidumileyo zezikhukula57. Ezi sensors zihlala zijonga amanqanaba amanzi kwimisele, kwimisele, nakwimilambo, zinika idatha yexesha langempela kwiinkqubo zolawulo eziphambili ze-PUB. Itekhnoloji ye-piezoresistive ikhethwe kwezi zicelo ngenxa yokuthembeka kwayo okugqwesileyo kwiimeko ezinzima zaseSingapore—ukufuma okuphezulu, iimvula ezinkulu rhoqo, kunye nokubakho kwamanzi ezikhukula agcwele inkunkuma anokungcolisa ezinye iintlobo zeesensors.
Ezi sensors ziyinxalenye yenkqubo edibeneyo yokujonga izikhukhula equka i-radar yemvula, iikhamera zeCCTV, kunye nabahloli bomgangatho wamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ii-piezoresistive water level sensors zisebenza njengesiseko, zibonelela ngomlinganiselo othe ngqo womngcipheko wezikhukhula kwiindawo ezithile. Ukulinganisa kwazo kubaluleke kakhulu kuba zibamba iziphumo ezidibeneyo zazo zonke iinkqubo zamanzi ezisezantsi-ubungakanani bemvula, iimpawu zokugeleza kwamanzi, kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo yokukhupha amanzi-kwipharamitha enye, enokutolikwa ngokulula: ubunzulu bamanzi.
Iindlela Zesilumkiso Ezizenzekelayo
Inkqubo yokubeka iliso kwizikhukhula yaseSingapore isebenzisa idatha yesenzi se-piezoresistive ukuvelisa izilumkiso ezenzekelayo ngeetshaneli ezininzi. Xa amanqanaba amanzi enyuka ukuya kwimida emiselweyo (ngesiqhelo kwi-50%, 75%, 90%, kunye ne-100% yobunzulu obubalulekileyo), inkqubo iqalisa izaziso ngeSMS, usetyenziso lweselula lweMyWaters, kunye neziboniso zangaphakathi zegumbi lolawulo lwePUB7. Le ndlela yesilumkiso edibeneyo ivumela iimpendulo ezimiselweyo, ukusuka ekubekeni iliso rhoqo ukuya kungenelelo olungxamisekileyo.
Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwee-piezoresistive sensors (± 0.1% yesikali esipheleleyo kwiindawo ezininzi zokufakelwa) kuqinisekisa ukuba izilumkiso zisekelwe kumlinganiselo ochanekileyo, zinciphisa ii-alamu zobuxoki ngelixa zibonelela ngexesha elaneleyo lesilumkiso. Abemi kunye namashishini banokubhalisela ukufumana izilumkiso kwiindawo ezintathu ze-sensor ezithile, okuvumela izilumkiso zesikhukula ezenzelwe wena kwiindawo ezithile ezixhalabisayo7. Eli nqanaba lokwenza ngokwezifiso linokwenzeka kuphela kuba ii-piezoresistive sensors zibonelela ngedatha ethembekileyo rhoqo enokuthenjwa yi-PUB kunye noluntu.
Ukuhlanganiswa neZiseko zoLawulo lweZikhukula
Ngaphaya kweenkqubo zokulumkisa, idatha yesenzi se-piezoresistive ilawula ngokuthe ngqo iziseko zokunciphisa izikhukula ngokuzenzekelayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kulo lonke elaseSingapore. Kwiindawo ezifana ne-Orchard Road—indawo yokuthenga eyayinezikhukula ezinkulu ngo-2010 nango-2011—idatha yesenzi ivuselela ukusebenza kwezithintelo zesikhukula zexeshana kwaye isebenzisa iimpompo ezinamandla ukujika amanzi ezikhukula5. Ixesha lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwezi senzi (ngesiqhelo lingaphantsi komzuzwana omnye) libalulekile kwezi zicelo, livumela iinkqubo zolawulo ukuba zisabele ngaphambi kokuba iimeko zezikhukula zibe nzima.
Esinye isicelo esiphawulekayo yinkqubo yesiseko esingaphantsi komhlaba "esingangeni zikhukula" kwizakhiwo ezikwiindawo ezithandwa zizikhukula. Apha, izinzwa ze-piezoresistive ezifakwe kwiindawo zokupaka iimoto ezingaphantsi komhlaba ziqhagamshela kwiinkqubo ze-alamu zesakhiwo, zibonelela ngezilumkiso ezithe ngqo kubaphathi bezakhiwo nakubantu abahlala kuzo xa amanzi ezikhukula esoyikisayo5. Ulwakhiwo oluqinileyo lwezi zinzwa luqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo nokuba zingaphantsi kwamanzi, indawo eqhelekileyo yokusilela kwezobuchwepheshe obungaqiniyo.
Ukusebenza Ngexesha Leziganeko Zemozulu Embi Kakhulu
Inethiwekhi yeesensa ye-piezoresistive yaseSingapore ibonakalise ixabiso layo ngexesha leziganeko ezininzi zemvula enkulu. Umzekelo, ngexesha lesiphepho sika-2018 esawisa phantse i-160mm yemvula kwiiyure ezine—enye yezona mvula zinamandla kwimbali yaseSingapore—inethiwekhi yesensa inike i-PUB uhlaziyo lomzuzu ngomzuzu malunga namanqanaba amanzi kulo lonke isiqithi. Olu lwazi luvumele ukuthunyelwa okujoliswe kuko kwamaqela okuphendula kwizikhukula kunye nonxibelelwano oluchanekileyo loluntu malunga nokuba zeziphi iindawo ezisengozini enkulu.
Uhlalutyo lwedatha ye-sensor emva kwesiganeko lukwancede i-PUB ukuba ichonge imiqobo yenkqubo yokukhupha amanzi kwaye iphucule utyalo-mali lweziseko zophuhliso kwixesha elizayo. Amandla e-piezoresistive sensors okubonelela ngemilinganiselo echanekileyo nangona iimeko zimbi kakhulu abenza babe luncedo kakhulu kolu phando lwe-forensic, njengoko bebamba i-hydrograph epheleleyo yeziganeko zezikhukula ngaphandle kwezithuba zedatha ngexesha lokuhamba kwamanzi aphezulu.
Ulawulo lweDama kunye noGcino lwaManzi
Indlela entsha yaseSingapore yokugcina amanzi kunye nolawulo lweedama ixhomekeke kakhulu ekujongeni ngokuchanekileyo kwinqanaba lamanzi, kunye nee-piezoresistive sensors ezidlala indima ephambili ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lwala manzi abalulekileyo. Njengesixeko esikwisiqithi esinemithombo yamanzi embalwa, iSingapore iguqule imeko yayo yedolophu ukuba isebenze njengendawo yokugcina amanzi, idala uthungelwano olubanzi lweedama eziqokelela amanzi ngoku kwisibini kwisithathu somphezulu womhlaba welizwe. Ulawulo lwala manzi lufuna idatha echanekileyo, yexesha langempela yamanzi—imfuneko efezekiswa ngokugqibeleleyo yitekhnoloji ye-piezoresistive sensor.
Ukubeka iliso kwinkqubo yogcino lweMarina
I-Marina Reservoir, eyona ndawo inabantu abaninzi eSingapore, ibonisa indlela ephucukileyo yokusebenzisa ii-piezoresistive sensors kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi ezinkulu. Ii-sensors ezininzi zibekwe ngendlela efanelekileyo kubunzulu nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kulo lonke ichibi ukuze zijonge kungekuphela nje amanqanaba amanzi ngokubanzi kodwa kunye nemiphumo yokwahlulwahlulwa kunye notshintsho lwendawo3. Ezi zilinganiso zibalulekile kwiinkalo ezininzi zokusebenza:
- Ulawulo loNikezelo lwaManzi: Idatha echanekileyo iqinisekisa amazinga afanelekileyo okutsalwa kwamanzi agcina unikezelo lwamanzi ngelixa kuthintelwa ukutsalwa kwamanzi okungeyomfuneko.
- Ukubanjwa kwamanzi emvula: Ngexesha leemvula, izixhobo zokuvavanya amanzi zinceda ekumiseleni ukuba ingakanani na imvula eyongezelelweyo enokufunxwa yidama ngokukhuselekileyo.
- Ulawulo lweTyuwa: KwiMarina Barrage, idatha yesensa inika ulwazi ngemisebenzi yesango ukuthintela ukungena kwamanzi olwandle ngelixa ivumela ukukhutshwa okufanelekileyo.
Izinzwa ze-piezoresistive eMarina Reservoir zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukumelana neemeko zamanzi amdaka apho amanzi acocekileyo adibana khona nolwandle, kunye nezixhobo ezikhethiweyo ukumelana nokugqwala kule meko inzima. Ulwakhiwo lwazo oluqinileyo luvumela ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kunye nokugcinwa okuncinci, nangona kumanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kwaye kuvezwa kwiikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo zamanzi.
Ukubeka iliso kwiTanki yokugcina esasazekileyo
Ngaphaya kwamachibi amakhulu, izinzwa ze-piezoresistive zijonga amanqanaba amanzi kwiitanki zokugcina amanzi ezininzi zaseSingapore—iziseko ezibalulekileyo zokugcina uxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye neendawo ezingxamisekileyo kulo lonke uthungelwano lokusasazwa kwamanzi lwesiqithi37. Ezi zicelo zibonisa ukuguquguquka kwezi sensors:
- IiTanki Zophahla Zasezidolophini: Kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo, izixhobo zokubona amanzi ziqinisekisa ukufumaneka kwamanzi aneleyo kumgangatho ophezulu ngelixa zithintela ukugcwala kwamanzi.
- Amadama eenkonzo: Ezi ndawo zokugcina izinto eziphakathi zisebenzisa idatha yenzwa ukuphucula iishedyuli zokumpompa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
- Ukugcinwa Kwezinto Ngexesha Elingxamisekileyo: Izinto ezigciniweyo ezicwangcisiweyo ezilungiselelwe imbalela okanye iimeko zokusilela kweziseko zophuhliso zijongwa ngononophelo ukuze zilungele.
I-PUB inee-sensors ze-piezoresistive ezisemgangathweni kwezi zicelo ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo rhoqo kwiijiyometri ezahlukeneyo zeetanki kunye nokukwazi kwazo ukunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo neenkqubo ze-SCADA ezizenzela ngokuzenzekelayo inethiwekhi yokusasazwa kwamanzi yaseSingapore.
Singabonelela ngezisombululo ezahlukeneyo
1. Imitha ephathwayo yomgangatho wamanzi weparameter ezininzi
2. Inkqubo ye-Floating Buoy yomgangatho wamanzi we-multi-parameter
3. Ibrashi yokucoca ngokuzenzekelayo yesixhobo sokuvavanya amanzi esineeparameter ezininzi
4. Iseti epheleleyo yeeseva kunye nemodyuli engenazingcingo yesoftware, ixhasa i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
Ukuze ufumane isivamvo samanzi esingakumbi ulwazi,
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Ixesha leposi: Juni-27-2025