I-Optical Rain Gauge kwiNkqubo yokuJonga uKhuseleko lweSiphepho yoMzila kaLoliwe waseMzantsi Korea

1. Imvelaphi yeProjekthi kunye neMfuno

Iintaba zaseMzantsi Korea zithetha ukuba uthungelwano lwazo lwezitimela ludla ngokunqumla iinduli kunye neentlambo. Ngexesha lezikhukula zasehlotyeni, eli lizwe lisengozini yemvula enkulu evela kwiimvula ezinkulu kunye neenkanyamba, ezinokubangela izikhukula ezikhawulezileyo, ukuhamba kwenkunkuma, kunye nokudilika komhlaba kwiindawo zeentaba, nto leyo ebeka umngcipheko omkhulu kukhuseleko lokusebenza kololiwe. Iigeyiji zemvula zemveli ezisebenzisa i-tipping-bucket zifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo, zinokuthintela ukuvaleka, kwaye zinokuba neengxaki zokubala ngexesha lemvula enkulu, nto leyo eyenza zinganeli kwimfuneko yokujonga imvula ngexesha langempela, ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu, nokugcinwa kwayo kancinci.

Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusebenza, amagunya olawulo lweziseko zophuhliso eMzantsi Korea ayedinga ngokukhawuleza ukusebenzisa inethiwekhi yokujonga imvula ngokuzenzekelayo ephucukileyo nethembekileyo kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zoololiwe ezintabeni. Izixhobo ezifunekayo kwakufuneka zinyamezele iimeko ezinzima, zisebenze ngononophelo oluncinci, kwaye zibonelele ngedatha echanekileyo nechanekileyo ngexesha langempela malunga nobungakanani bemvula kunye nokuqokelelwa kwayo ukuze kunikezelwe izilumkiso ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwinkqubo yokuthunyelwa koololiwe.

2. Isisombululo: Inkqubo yokubeka iliso kwi-Optical Rain Gauge

Le projekthi ikhethe i-Optical Rain Gauge (okanye i-Optical Rain Sensor) njengesixhobo esiphambili sokujonga imvula esasasazekileyo kunye nenkqubo yokulumkisa kwangethuba.

• Umgaqo Wokusebenza:
  I-optical rain gauge isebenza ngokomgaqo we-infrared optical scattering. I-sensor ikhupha umsebe wokukhanya kwe-infrared kubude obuthile be-wavelength kwindawo yokulinganisa. Xa kungekho mvula, ukukhanya kudlula ngokuthe ngqo. Xa amathontsi emvula ewela kwindawo yokulinganisa, asasaza ukukhanya kwe-infrared. Ubungakanani bokukhanya okusasazekileyo okufunyenwe yi-receiver buhambelana nobukhulu kunye nenani lamathontsi emvula (oko kukuthi, ubunzulu bemvula). Ngokuhlalutya umahluko wesignali ngee-algorithms ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, i-sensor ibala ubunzulu bemvula ekhawulezileyo (mm/h) kunye nemvula eqokelelweyo (mm) ngexesha langempela.
• Ukusasazwa kwenkqubo:
  Iigeyiji zemvula ezibonakalayo zifakelwe kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ecaleni kwemigca kaloliwe kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu bejoloji (umz., kumathambeka, kufutshane neebhulorho, kwiingcango zetonela). Ezi zixhobo zifakelwe kwiipali, ilensi yesensa ijonge esibhakabhakeni ukuqinisekisa indawo efanelekileyo yokulinganisa.

3. Ukuphunyezwa kwesicelo

1. Ukuqokelelwa kwedatha ngexesha langempela: Iigeyiji zemvula ezibonakalayo zisebenza iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki, zithatha iisampulu ezininzi ngomzuzwana ukuze zibone ukuqala, ukuphela, ubunzulu, kunye neendlela zokuna kwemvula ngexesha langempela.
2. Ukuhanjiswa kwedatha: Idatha yemvula eqokelelweyo idluliselwa ngexesha langempela (ngamaxesha aphakathi) kwiqonga ledatha eliphakathi kwiziko lokubeka iliso lengingqi ngeemodyuli zonxibelelwano ezingenazingcingo ze-4G/5G ezakhelwe ngaphakathi.
3. Uhlalutyo lweDatha kunye neSilumkiso saKwangoko:
   • Iqonga eliphakathi lidibanisa idatha evela kuzo zonke iindawo zokubeka esweni kwaye liseta ii-alamu zomda wemvula ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
   • Xa amandla emvula okanye imvula eqokeleleneyo nangaliphi na ixesha idlula imida yokhuseleko ebekiweyo, inkqubo iqalisa ngokuzenzekelayo i-alamu.
   • Ulwazi lwe-alamu (kuquka indawo ethile, idatha yemvula yexesha langempela, kunye nenqanaba lokudlula) luthunyelwa ngoko nangoko kwi-interface yomthumeli kwiZiko loLawulo lweTrafikhi kaloliwe (CTC).
4. Ulawulo Oludibeneyo: Ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba lesilumkiso, abathumeli beenqanawa baqalisa ngokukhawuleza iinkqubo zongxamiseko, ezinje ngokukhupha imiqathango yesantya okanye imiyalelo yokumiswa ngokukhawuleza koololiwe abasondela kwicandelo elichaphazelekayo, ngaloo ndlela bethintela iintlekele kwaye beqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabakhweli.

4. Iingenelo zobuGcisa eziFakiweyo

• Akukho Zinto Zishukumayo, Akukho Lungiselelo: Ukungabikho kwezixhobo zoomatshini kususa iingxaki ezifana nokuvaleka, ukucoca rhoqo okufunekayo, kunye nokuguguleka koomatshini okunxulunyaniswa neegeyiji zebhakethi zemveli. Oku kuzenza zilungele ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide, ngaphandle kokujonga kwiindawo ezikude nezinzima zeentaba.
• Impendulo Ekhawulezileyo kunye Nokuchaneka Okuphezulu: Indlela yokulinganisa ngamehlo inika ixesha lokuphendula elikhawulezayo kakhulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwimizuzwana), ibamba ngokuchanekileyo utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kubunzulu bemvula kwaye inika ixesha elibalulekileyo lezilumkiso.
• Ukumelana Okuqinileyo Nokuphazamiseka: Uyilo lwe-optical olulungisiweyo lunciphisa ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka okuvela kwizinto ezingqongileyo ezifana nothuli, inkungu, kunye nezinambuzane, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwedatha.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kunye nokufakelwa okulula: Ezi zixhobo zineemfuno zamandla aphantsi, zihlala zixhaswa ziiphaneli zelanga, kwaye kulula ukuzifaka ngaphandle komsebenzi omkhulu wobunjineli bokwakha.

5. Iziphumo zeProjekthi

Ukuphunyezwa kwale nkqubo kunyuse amandla okuthintela iintlekele zikaloliwe eMzantsi Korea ukusuka “ekuphenduleni ngokungakhathaliyo” ukuya “ekulumkiseni okusebenzayo.” Idatha echanekileyo, yexesha langempela evela kwiigeyiji zemvula ezibonakalayo yenze ukuba isebe lokuhambisa likwazi:

• Yenza izigqibo zokhuseleko ezingakumbi ngokwesayensi, unciphise ilahleko kwezoqoqosho ezinxulumene nokuvalwa okugqithisileyo kokuthintela.
• Iphucula kakhulu ukhuseleko lokuthuthwa koololiwe kunye nokugcinwa kwexesha.
• Idatha yemvula eqokelelweyo yexesha elide ikwabonelela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo kuvavanyo lomngcipheko wejoloji kunye nokucwangciswa kweziseko zophuhliso kwiindlela zikaloliwe.

Eli tyala libonisa ukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwee-optical rain gauges kwicandelo lokhuseleko lweziseko ezibalulekileyo, libonelela ngemodeli egqwesileyo yokusombulula imingeni yokujonga imvula kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo.

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