Njengoko ishishini lezolimo zasemanzini kwihlabathi liphela liqhubeka nokukhula, iimodeli zezolimo zemveli zijongene nemingeni emininzi kuquka ulawulo olungasebenzi kakuhle lomgangatho wamanzi, ukujonga ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo ngokungachanekanga, kunye nemingcipheko ephezulu yezolimo. Kule meko, kuye kwavela izinzwa zeoksijini enyibilikisiweyo ebonakalayo esekelwe kwimigaqo ye-optical, ezithatha indawo yezinzwa ze-electrochemical zemveli kancinci kancinci ngeenzuzo zazo zokuchaneka okuphezulu, ukusebenza ngaphandle kokugcinwa, kunye nokujonga ngexesha langempela, zibe zizixhobo eziphambili eziyimfuneko kushishino lokuloba olukrelekrele lwanamhlanje. Eli nqaku libonelela ngohlalutyo olunzulu lwendlela izinzwa zeoksijini enyibilikisiweyo ezibonakalayo ezijongana ngayo namanqaku abuhlungu kushishino ngokusebenzisa ubuchule betekhnoloji, zibonisa ukusebenza kwazo okugqwesileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwezolimo kunye nokunciphisa iingozi ngamatyala asebenzayo, kwaye zihlola amathuba abanzi obu buchwepheshe ekukhuthazeni utshintsho olukrelekrele lwezolimo zasemanzini.
Amanqaku Obuhlungu Kwishishini: Imida Yeendlela Zemveli Zokujonga Ioksijini Enyibilikisiweyo
Ishishini lezolimo zasemanzini kudala lijongene nemingeni ebalulekileyo ekujongeni ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo, nto leyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo impumelelo yezolimo kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho. Kwiimodeli zezolimo zemveli, abalimi badla ngokuxhomekeka ekuhlolweni kwamachibi ngesandla kunye namava ukuze bavavanye amanqanaba eoksijini enyibilikisiweyo emanzini, indlela engapheleli nje ekusebenzeni kakuhle kodwa ekwajongene nokulibaziseka okukhulu. Abalimi abanamava banokugweba iimeko ze-hypoxia ngokungathanga ngqo ngokujonga indlela iintlanzi eziziphatha ngayo okanye utshintsho kwiindlela zokutya, kodwa xa ezi mpawu zibonakala, ilahleko ezingenakuguqulwa zihlala zisenzeka. Izibalo zoshishino zibonisa ukuba kwiifama zemveli ezingenazo iinkqubo zokujonga ezikrelekrele, ukufa kweentlanzi ngenxa ye-hypoxia kunokufikelela kwi-5%.
Izinzwa zeoksijini ezinyibilikisiweyo nge-electrochemical, njengabameli betekhnoloji yokubeka esweni yesizukulwana esidlulileyo, ziphucule ukuchaneka kokubeka esweni ukuya kwinqanaba elithile kodwa zisenemida emininzi. Ezi sensor zifuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo kwe-membrane kunye ne-electrolyte, nto leyo ebangela iindleko eziphezulu zokugcinwa. Ukongeza, zinemfuneko engqongqo yesantya sokuhamba kwamanzi, kwaye imilinganiselo kwiindawo zamanzi ezizinzileyo idla ngokuphambuka. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, izinzwa ze-electrochemical zifumana ukushukuma kwesignali ngexesha lokusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwaye zifuna ukulinganiswa rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwedatha, okubeka umthwalo owongezelelweyo kulawulo lwefama yemihla ngemihla.
Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lomgangatho wamanzi “lubulala ngokungabonakaliyo” kwizilwanyana zasemanzini, kwaye ukuguquguquka okukhulu kweoksijini enyibilikisiweyo kudla ngokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zokuwohloka komgangatho wamanzi. Ngexesha lamaxesha ashushu okanye utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwemozulu, amanqanaba eoksijini enyibilikisiweyo emanzini anokwehla kakhulu kwixesha elifutshane, okwenza kube nzima kwiindlela zokujonga zemveli ukuba zibambe olu tshintsho ngexesha. Ityala eliqhelekileyo lenzeke kwiBaitan Lake Aquaculture Base kwiSixeko saseHuanggang, kwiPhondo laseHubei: ngenxa yokusilela ukubona ngokukhawuleza amanqanaba eoksijini enyibilikisiweyo angaqhelekanga, isiganeko esingxamisekileyo se-hypoxia sabangela ilahleko ephantse ibe yiyo yonke kwiihektare ezininzi zamachibi eentlanzi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwilahleko ethe ngqo kwezoqoqosho edlula isigidi se-yuan. Iziganeko ezifanayo zenzeka rhoqo kulo lonke ilizwe, zigxininisa ukusilela kweendlela zokujonga ooksijini enyibilikisiweyo zemveli.
Ubuchule bokutsha kwiteknoloji yokujonga ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo abusengokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezolimo kuphela kodwa bukwangophuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lonke. Njengoko ubuninzi bezolimo buqhubeka busanda kwaye iimfuno zokusingqongileyo ziba nzima, imfuno yeshishini yobuchwepheshe bokujonga ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo ngokuchanekileyo, ngexesha langempela, kunye nokugcinwa okuncinci ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Kungenxa yesi sizathu apho izinzwa zeoksijini enyibilikisiweyo ezibonakalayo, kunye neenzuzo zazo zobugcisa ezikhethekileyo, ziye zangena kancinci kancinci kwicandelo lombono weshishini lezolimo zasemanzini zaza zaqala ukwakha ngokutsha indlela yeshishini yokulawula umgangatho wamanzi.
Uphuhliso lweTekhnoloji: Imigaqo yokusebenza kunye neenzuzo ezibalulekileyo zeeSensors zokukhanya
Itekhnoloji ephambili yee-optical dissolved oxygen sensors isekelwe kumgaqo wokucima i-fluorescence, indlela entsha yokulinganisa eguqule ngokupheleleyo ukujonga i-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo ngokwesiko. Xa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhutshwa yi-sensor kukhanyisa izinto ezikhethekileyo ze-fluorescent, izinto ziyavuseleleka kwaye zikhuphe ukukhanya okubomvu. Iimolekyuli ze-oksijini zinamandla akhethekileyo okuthwala amandla (evelisa isiphumo sokucima), ngoko ke amandla kunye nobude bokukhanya okubomvu okukhutshwayo kuhambelana ngokuphambeneyo noxinzelelo lweemolekyuli ze-oksijini emanzini. Ngokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo umahluko wesigaba phakathi kokukhanya okubomvu okuvuselelekileyo kunye nokukhanya okubhekisayo kunye nokuthelekisa namaxabiso okulinganisa angaphakathi, i-sensor inokubala ngokuchanekileyo uxinzelelo lwe-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo emanzini. Le nkqubo yendalo ayibandakanyi mpendulo yeekhemikhali, ithintela iingxaki ezininzi zeendlela ze-electrochemical zendabuko.
Xa kuthelekiswa nee-sensors ze-electrochemical zemveli, ii-optical dislived oxygen sensors zibonisa iingenelo zobugcisa ezipheleleyo. Eyokuqala luphawu lwazo lokungatyi ioksijini, oko kuthetha ukuba azinazo iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zesantya sokuhamba kwamanzi okanye ukushukuma, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zifaneleke kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokulima—nokuba ngamachibi angashukumiyo okanye iitanki ezigelezayo zinokubonelela ngeziphumo zokulinganisa ezichanekileyo. Eyesibini kukusebenza kwazo okubalaseleyo kokulinganisa: isizukulwana samva nje see-optical sensors sinokufikelela kumaxesha okuphendula angaphantsi kwemizuzwana engama-30 kunye nokuchaneka kwe-±0.1 mg/L, okuzivumela ukuba zibambe utshintsho oluncinci kwioksijini edilikileyo. Ukongeza, ezi sensors zihlala zine-wide voltage supply design (DC 10-30V) kwaye zixhotyiswe nge-RS485 communication interfaces exhasa i-MODBUS RTU protocol, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuzidibanisa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokujonga.
Ukusebenza ixesha elide ngaphandle kokugcinwa kwezixhobo ze-optical dissolved oxygen sensors yenye yezona zinto zidumileyo kwii-optical dissolved oxygen sensors phakathi kwabalimi. Ii-electrochemical sensors zemveli zifuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo kwe-membrane kunye ne-electrolyte, ngelixa ii-optical sensors zisusa ngokupheleleyo ezi zinto zisetyenziswayo, ezinobomi benkonzo obungaphezu konyaka omnye, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokugcina zemihla ngemihla kunye nomsebenzi. Umlawuli wezobugcisa wesiseko esikhulu se-recirculating aquaculture eShandong uqaphele oku: “Ukususela oko sitshintshela kwii-optical dissolved oxygen sensors, abasebenzi bethu bolondolozo bagcine malunga neeyure ezingama-20 ngenyanga ekugcinweni kwezixhobo ze-optical, kwaye uzinzo lwedatha luphucuke kakhulu. Akusekho mfuneko yokuba sikhathazeke ngee-alamu zobuxoki ezibangelwa kukushukuma kwezixhobo ze-optical.”
Ngokuphathelele uyilo lwezixhobo, izinzwa zeoksijini ezinyibilikisiweyo ze-optical zanamhlanje nazo ziqwalasela ngokupheleleyo iimpawu ezizodwa zeendawo zokulima iintlanzi. Izivalo ezikumgangatho ophezulu wokhuseleko (ngokuvamile zifikelela kwi-IP68) zithintela ngokupheleleyo ukungena kwamanzi, kwaye izantsi zenziwe ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-316, enika ukumelana netyuwa kunye nokugqwala kwe-alkali ixesha elide. Izinzwa zihlala zixhotyiswe nge-NPT3/4 threaded interfaces ukuze kube lula ukufakela nokulungisa, kunye nezixhobo zombhobho ezingangeni manzi ukuze zilungele iimfuno zokubeka esweni kubunzulu obahlukeneyo. Ezi nkcukacha zoyilo ziqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokuqina kwezinzwa kwiindawo zokulima ezinzima.
Okuphawulekayo kukuba, ukongezwa kwemisebenzi ekrelekrele kuye kwaphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kwee-optical dissolved oxygen sensors. Iimodeli ezininzi ezintsha zinezithumeli zobushushu ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezinembuyekezo yobushushu ezenzekelayo, nto leyo enciphisa ngempumelelo iimpazamo zokulinganisa ezibangelwa kukuguquguquka kobushushu bamanzi. Ezinye iimveliso eziphezulu zinokuthumela idatha ngexesha langempela ngeBluetooth okanye iWi-Fi kwiiapps zeselula okanye kumaqonga efu, okuvumela ukujonga kude kunye nemibuzo yedatha yembali. Xa amanqanaba e-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo edlula amanqanaba akhuselekileyo, inkqubo ithumela ngokukhawuleza izilumkiso ngezaziso zeselula, imiyalezo ebhaliweyo, okanye iziphakamiso zelizwi. Le nethwekhi yokujonga ekrelekrele ivumela abalimi ukuba bahlale benolwazi malunga neemeko zomgangatho wamanzi kwaye bathathe amanyathelo okulwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, nokuba bangaphandle kwendawo.
Olu phuculo luphambili kubuchwepheshe be-optical distilled oxygen sensor alujongani nje kuphela neengxaki zeendlela zemveli zokubeka esweni kodwa lukwabonelela ngenkxaso yedatha ethembekileyo yolawulo olucokisekileyo lwe-aquaculture, esebenza njengeentsika ezibalulekileyo zobuchwepheshe ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lweli shishini olujolise kubukrelekrele kunye nokuchaneka.
Iziphumo zokusetyenziswa: Indlela iiSensors ze-Optical eziphucula ngayo ukusebenza kakuhle kwezolimo
Izinzwa zeoksijini ezinyibilikisiweyo ngokukhanya zifumene iziphumo ezimangalisayo kwizicelo zezolimo zasemanzini ezisebenzayo, ixabiso lazo liqinisekisiwe kwiinkalo ezininzi, ukusuka ekuthinteleni ukufa kwabantu abaninzi ukuya ekwandeni kwesivuno kunye nomgangatho. Ityala elimele ngokukodwa yiBaitan Lake Aquaculture Base kwiSithili saseHuangzhou, kwiSixeko saseHuanggang, kwiPhondo laseHubei, apho kufakwe khona izikrini ezisibhozo ze-360-degree all-weather kunye nezinzwa zeoksijini ezinyibilikisiweyo ngokukhanya, ezigubungela iihektare ezingama-2,000 zomphezulu wamanzi kumachibi eentlanzi angama-56. Ingcali uCao Jian ucacisile: “Ngedatha yokujonga ngexesha langempela kwizikrini ze-elektroniki, sinokubona ngoko nangoko izinto ezingaqhelekanga. Umzekelo, xa inqanaba leoksijini enyibilikisiweyo kwi-Monitoring Point 1 libonisa i-1.07 mg/L, nangona amava enokubonisa ukuba yingxaki yophando, sisazisa abalimi ngoko nangoko ukuba bajonge, siqinisekise ukhuseleko olupheleleyo.” Le ndlela yokujonga ngexesha langempela incede isiseko ukuba siphephe ngempumelelo iingozi ezininzi zokujikeleza kwamachibi ezibangelwa yi-hypoxia. Umlobi weentlanzi onamava uLiu Yuming uthe: “Ngaphambili, besixhalabile nge-hypoxia xa lina imvula kwaye besingakwazi ukulala kakuhle ebusuku. Ngoku, ngala 'mehlo e-elektroniki,' iingcali ziyasazisa ngayo nayiphi na idatha engaqhelekanga, nto leyo esivumela ukuba sithathe amanyathelo okhuseleko kwangethuba.”
Kwiimeko zokulima ezixineneyo kakhulu, izinzwa zeoksijini ezinyibilikisiweyo nge-optical zidlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi. Uphononongo lwetyala oluvela kwindawo yokugcina iintlanzi zendalo yedijithali ethi "Future Farm" eHuzhou, eZhejiang, lubonisa ukuba kwitanki engama-28-square-meter ephethe phantse ii-jin ezingama-3,000 ze-California bass (malunga neentlanzi ezingama-6,000)—ezilingana noxinano lwe-acre enye kumachibi emveli—ulawulo lweoksijini enyibilikisiweyo luba ngumceli mngeni ophambili. Ngokujonga ngexesha langempela ziinzwa zeoksijini kunye neenkqubo zomoya ezikrelekrele ezidibeneyo, indawo yokugcina iintlanzi inciphise ngempumelelo ukufa kweentlanzi ukusuka kwi-5% kwixesha elidlulileyo ukuya kwi-0.1%, ngelixa ifikelela ekunyukeni kwe-10%-20% kwisivuno ngomnyaka ngamnye. Ingcali yezolimo uChen Yunxiang uthe: "Ngaphandle kwedatha echanekileyo yeoksijini enyibilikisiweyo, besingenakuzama ukuzama uxinano oluphezulu kangaka lwe-stock."
Iinkqubo ze-Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) zezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo apho ii-optical dissolved oxygen sensors zibonisa ixabiso lazo. I-"Blue Seed Industry Silicon Valley" eLaizhou Bay, eShandong, yakhe indawo yokusebenzela ye-RAS engama-768 yeehektare kunye neetanki zokulima ezingama-96 ezivelisa iitoni ezingama-300 zeentlanzi eziphezulu ngonyaka, zisebenzisa amanzi angaphantsi ngama-95% kuneendlela zemveli. Iziko lolawulo lwedijithali lenkqubo lisebenzisa ii-optical sensors ukujonga i-pH, i-oxygen dissolved, i-salinity, kunye nezinye izalathisi kwi-tank nganye ngexesha langempela, zivuselela ngokuzenzekelayo umoya xa i-oxygen dissolved iwela ngaphantsi kwe-6 mg/L. Inkokeli yeprojekthi icacisile: "Iintlobo ezifana nee-leopard coral groupers zinovelwano kakhulu kutshintsho lwe-oxygen dissolved, okwenza kube nzima kwiindlela zemveli ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zazo zokulima. Ukubeka esweni ngokuchanekileyo kwee-optical sensors kuqinisekisile impumelelo yethu ekuzaleni ngokupheleleyo okwenziweyo." Ngokufanayo, isiseko se-aquaculture kwiNtlango yaseGobi yase-Aksu, eXinjiang, siphumelele ekulimeni ukutya kwaselwandle okusemgangathweni ophezulu ngaphakathi elizweni, kude nolwandle, senza ummangaliso "wokutya kwaselwandle okuvela entlango", konke oku ngenxa yetekhnoloji ye-optical sensor.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zeoksijini ezinyibilikisiweyo ngokukhanya kukhokelele ekuphuculeni okukhulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwezoqoqosho. ULiu Yuming, umlimi kwisiseko seBaitan Lake eHuanggang, uxele ukuba emva kokusebenzisa inkqubo yokujonga ekrelekrele, amachibi akhe eentlanzi angama-24.8 eehektare avelise ngaphezulu kwe-40,000 jin, isinye kwisithathu esiphezulu kunonyaka ophelileyo. Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwishishini elikhulu lezolimo zasemanzini eShandong, icebo elichanekileyo lokungenisa umoya elikhokelwa zizinzwa ze-optical linciphise iindleko zombane wokungenisa umoya malunga ne-30% ngelixa liphucula amazinga okuguqulwa kokutya nge-15%, okubangele ukwehla kweendleko zemveliso iyonke ye-800-1,000 yuan ngetoni yeentlanzi.
Singabonelela ngezisombululo ezahlukeneyo
1. Imitha ephathwayo yomgangatho wamanzi weparameter ezininzi
2. Inkqubo ye-Floating Buoy yomgangatho wamanzi we-multi-parameter
3. Ibrashi yokucoca ngokuzenzekelayo yesixhobo sokuvavanya amanzi esineeparameter ezininzi
4. Iseti epheleleyo yeeseva kunye nemodyuli engenazingcingo yesoftware, ixhasa i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
Ukuze ufumane ezinye izixhobo zokuvavanya umgangatho wamanzi ulwazi,
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Ixesha leposi: Julayi-07-2025