Phakathi kwenguqu yehlabathi yezolimo ejolise kubukrelekrele kunye nokuchaneka, iteknoloji entsha itshintsha ubuso bezolimo zemveli. Kutshanje, inkampani yezobuchwepheshe bezolimo iHonde iqalise isizukulwana esitsha sezinzwa zokukhanya kwezolimo. Le mveliso intsha ayinako nje kuphela ukujonga nokuphucula imeko yokukhula kwezityalo ngexesha langempela, kodwa ikwabonelela abalimi behlabathi ngendlela yemveliso yezolimo esebenzayo nezinzileyo, nto leyo ephawula inqanaba elitsha lophuhliso lwezolimo oluchanekileyo.
Isixhobo sokukhanyisa sezolimo: "Iliso lokukhanya" lezolimo ezichanekileyo
Isixhobo sokukhanyisa ukukhanya kwezolimo esasungulwa yiHonde sisixhobo esikrelekrele esidityaniswe kakhulu, esenzelwe ngokukodwa ezolimo zanamhlanje, esikwaziyo ukujonga nokurekhoda ngexesha langempela leeparameter ezilandelayo ezibalulekileyo:
Ukukhanya okubukhali:
Linganisa ngokuchanekileyo ubukhali bemitha yelanga kunye nemithombo yokukhanya eyenziweyo ukunceda abalimi baqonde iimeko zokukhanya ezifunekayo kwizityalo kumanqanaba okukhula ahlukeneyo.
2. Ubude bokukhanya:
Bhala phantsi ubude bexesha lokukhanya imihla ngemihla kwaye unike iingcebiso zokulungisa ubude bexesha lokukhanya ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zokukhula kwezityalo ukuqinisekisa ukuba izityalo zifumana isiphumo esihle kakhulu se-photosynthesis.
3. Uhlalutyo lweSpectral:
Ixhotyiswe ngemisebenzi yohlalutyo oluphambili lwe-spectral, inokuchonga iindawo ze-spectral zemithombo eyahlukeneyo yokukhanya, incede abalimi ukuba bakhethe uhlobo olufanelekileyo lomthombo wokukhanya kwaye iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwezityalo nge-photosynthesis.
4. Isikhokelo sokukhanya:
Jonga utshintsho kwicala lokukhanya kwaye unike iingcebiso zokulungisa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zokukhula kwezityalo ukuqinisekisa ukuba izityalo zifumana ukukhanya ngokulinganayo kwaye uphephe iingxaki zokukhula ezibangelwa kukukhanya okungalinganiyo.
5. Ubushushu kunye nokufuma kwemozulu:
Ukongeza kwiiparameter zokukhanya, izinzwa zinokujonga ubushushu kunye nokufuma kokusingqongileyo, zinike abalimi inkxaso epheleleyo yedatha yokusingqongileyo kwaye zibancede benze izigqibo zesayensi kwezolimo.
Iimeko zesicelo kunye neenzuzo
Iindlela zokusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zokukhanya kwezolimo zibanzi kakhulu, kubandakanya ukulima izityalo eziluhlaza, ukulima ngokuthe nkqo, ukulima okuvulekileyo kunye nokulima ezidolophini, njl. Ezi zilandelayo zezinye zeemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa:
1. Ukulima indlu eluhlaza
Kwimeko yegreenhouse, izinzwa zokukhanya zinokujonga ubukhali kunye nobude bokukhanya ngexesha langempela kwaye zilungise ngokuzenzekelayo ukukhanya kunye nexesha lokusebenza kwemithombo yokukhanya eyenziweyo ngokweemfuno zezityalo ukuqinisekisa ukuba izityalo zifumana iimeko zokukhanya ezilungileyo.
Ngohlalutyo lwe-spectral, abalimi banokukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lomthombo wokukhanya ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezityalo kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwazo.
2. Ulimo oluthe nkqo
Ulimo oluthe nkqo luneemfuneko ezingqongqo kakhulu kwiimeko zokukhanya. Izinzwa zokukhanya zinokubonelela ngedatha echanekileyo yokukhanya, zincede abalimi ukuba baphucule uyilo lwemithombo yokukhanya kunye nobude bokukhanya, kwaye bonyuse isivuno kwindawo nganye.
3. Umhlaba weefama ovulekileyo:
Kwiindawo zokulima ezivulekileyo, izixhobo zokubona ukukhanya zinokujonga utshintsho ekukhanyeni kwendalo kwaye zinike iingcebiso zokulungisa ukukhanya ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zemozulu, zincede abalimi balungiselele imisebenzi yezolimo ngokufanelekileyo kwaye bonyuse isivuno sesivuno.
4. Ulimo lwasezidolophini
Kwizolimo zasezidolophini, ukunqongophala kwendawo kunye nezixhobo kwenza ulawulo lokukhanya lube lubaluleke kakhulu. Izinzwa zokukhanya zinokunceda abalimi ukuba bafikelele kwiimeko ezilungileyo zokukhanya kwindawo encinci, nto leyo enyusa isivuno kunye nomgangatho wesivuno.
Amatyala ezicelo zehlabathi kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho
Amatyala okusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zezolimo zikaHonde kumazwe amaninzi nakwiindawo kwihlabathi liphela abonisa ukuba esi sixhobo sinokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yezolimo kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho.
Umzekelo, kwiprojekthi yokulima iitumato kwindawo yokugcina izityalo eNetherlands, emva kokusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zokukhanya, isivuno seetumato sanda nge-20%, kwaye ngenxa yokulungiswa kweemeko zokukhanya, umgangatho weziqhamo nawo waphucuka.
Kwiifama ezithe nkqo eJapan, ukusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zokukhanya kuye kwandisa isivuno selettuce nge-15%, kwaye ngenxa yokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo kwemithombo yokukhanya eyenziweyo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuye kwehla nge-10%.
ECalifornia, eMelika, ifama yestrawberry evulekileyo yonyuse isivuno sayo sestrawberry nge-12% ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokukhanyisa nokucwangcisa ngokucwangcisiweyo amaxesha okunkcenkceshela nokukhanyisa. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yokukhanya okufanayo, ubumnandi nombala westrawberry ziye zaba ngcono ngakumbi.
Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zokukhanya kwezolimo akuncedi nje kuphela ekuphuculeni imveliso yezolimo kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho, kodwa kukwabalulekile ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ngokwenza ngcono iimeko zokukhanya, abalimi banokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi zamakhemikhali kunye namanzi, kwaye banciphise ungcoliseko lomhlaba kunye nemithombo yamanzi. Ukongeza, ulawulo oluchanekileyo lokukhanya lunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso yokuguqulwa okuluhlaza kwezolimo.
Imbono yexesha elizayo
Ngokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezinzwa zokukhanya kwezolimo, ezolimo zehlabathi zilungele ukwamkela ikamva elikrelekrele ngakumbi, elichanekileyo nelizinzileyo. I-Honde iceba ukuphucula rhoqo nokwenza ngcono imisebenzi yezinzwa zayo zokukhanya kwiminyaka ezayo, yongeza iimpawu ezikrelekrele ngakumbi ezifana nokulungiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kokukhanya, ukulungiswa kwe-spectral, kunye nolawulo olukude. Okwangoku, inkampani ikwaceba ukuphuhlisa iimveliso zobuchwepheshe bezolimo ezixhasa ngakumbi, ezifana neenkqubo zokunkcenkceshela ezikrelekrele kunye nezinzwa zomhlaba, ukwakha inkqubo yezolimo echanekileyo ngokupheleleyo.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-07-2025