Njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokujonga nophando lwemozulu, izitishi zemozulu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqondeni nasekuqikeleleni imozulu, ekufundeni utshintsho lwemozulu, ekukhuseleni ezolimo nasekukhuthazeni uphuhliso loqoqosho. Eli phepha liza kuxoxa ngomsebenzi osisiseko, ulwakhiwo, indlela yokusebenza kwezitishi zemozulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo kunye nokubaluleka kwazo ekusebenzeni.
1. Imisebenzi esisiseko yezikhululo zemozulu
Umsebenzi ophambili wesikhululo semozulu kukuqokelela, ukurekhoda nokuhlalutya idatha enxulumene nemozulu. Le datha ibandakanya, kodwa ayipheleli apho:
Ubushushu: Irekhoda utshintsho kubushushu bomoya kunye nomphezulu.
Umswakama: Ulinganisa ubungakanani bomphunga wamanzi emoyeni kwaye uchaphazela utshintsho lwemozulu.
Uxinzelelo lweBarometric: Ijonga utshintsho kuxinzelelo lomoya ukuze incede ekuqikeleleni intshukumo yeenkqubo zemozulu.
Ukuna kwemvula: Ukurekhoda ubungakanani kunye nobukhulu bemvula kubalulekile kulawulo lwemithombo yamanzi kunye nokunkcenkceshela kwezolimo.
Isantya somoya kunye necala oya kulo: Izitishi zemozulu ziqokelela olu lwazi ngee-anemometers kunye nee-wind vanes ukunceda ekuhlalutyeni imiphumo yomoya, ingakumbi ekuqikeleleni izivunguvungu kunye nezivuthuvuthu.
2. Ukwakhiwa kwezikhululo zemozulu
Isikhululo semozulu sidla ngokuba nezi zinto zilandelayo ukuze kuqokelelwe idatha epheleleyo yemozulu:
Izinzwa: Izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zemozulu, ezifana nezinzwa zobushushu, iiprobe zomswakama, iimitha zokulinganisa imvula, njl.
Irekhoda: Isixhobo sokugcina idatha esirekhoda ulwazi oluqokelelwe sisiva.
Inkqubo yonxibelelwano: Idatha eqokelelweyo idluliselwa kwiziko lemozulu okanye kwisiseko sedatha ngexesha langempela ukuze ihlalutywe kamva.
Izixhobo zombane: Umbane oqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwesikhululo semozulu, uninzi lwezikhululo zemozulu zanamhlanje zisebenzisa amandla elanga.
Isoftware yokucubungula idatha kunye nohlalutyo: Sebenzisa isoftware yekhompyutha ukuhlalutya kunye nokubonisa idatha ukuvelisa uqikelelo lwemozulu kunye neengxelo zemozulu.
3. Indlela yokusebenza kwezikhululo zemozulu
Izitishi zemozulu zahlulwe zaba zizikhululo zemozulu ezizenzekelayo kunye nezitishi zemozulu ezenziweyo:
Isikhululo semozulu esizenzekelayo: Olu hlobo lwesikhululo semozulu luhlala luqulunqwe ziikhompyutha kunye neesensa, ezinokuqokelela idatha iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku kwaye zilayishe idatha ngexesha langempela. Olu hlobo lwesikhululo semozulu lusetyenziswa kakhulu kuphando lwesayensi kunye noqikelelo lwemozulu, ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle nokuchaneka kwaso.
Izikhululo zemozulu ezenziweyo: Ezi zikhululo zemozulu zixhomekeke kwiingcali zemozulu ukuze zijonge kwaye zirekhode yonke imihla, nangona ukuchaneka nokuthembeka kwedatha kuphezulu, kodwa kuchaphazeleka yimozulu nokusebenza ngesandla, kuya kubakho imida ethile.
Emva kwenkqubo engqongqo nesemgangathweni, idatha yesikhululo semozulu ayifuni nje kuphela ukuba icocwe kwaye ilungiswe kwangaphambili, kodwa ikwahlolwe lisebe lemozulu ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuthembeka kolwazi lwemozulu.
4. Ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwezikhululo zemozulu
Izitishi zemozulu zinezicelo ezibalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka:
Uqikelelo lwemozulu: Ngedatha ebonelelwe zizikhululo zemozulu, iingcali zemozulu ziyakwazi ukuhlalutya iindlela zemozulu kwaye zivelise uqikelelo lwemozulu oluchanekileyo ukunceda uluntu kunye namashishini ukuba balungiselele kwangaphambili.
Ulawulo lwezolimo: Abalimi banokulungisa izicwangciso zokutyala ngokwedatha yemozulu ebonelelwe zizikhululo zemozulu, balungiselele ukunkcenkceshela nokuchumisa ngokwengqiqo, kwaye baqinisekise uzinzo lwemveliso yezolimo kunye nokuvunwa.
Uphando lwemozulu: Ekuqokeleleni idatha yexesha elide, izitishi zemozulu zinceda ekufundeni utshintsho lwemozulu kwaye zibonelela ngesiseko sesayensi sokwenza imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo.
Isilumkiso sentlekele kwangethuba: Ngaphambi kokuba kubekho iintlekele zemvelo, izitishi zemozulu zinokubonelela ngesilumkiso semozulu kwangethuba, njengeenkanyamba, iimvula ezinkulu, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, njl.njl., ukuze oorhulumente, amashishini kunye nabemi bakwazi ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko kwangethuba ukunciphisa ilahleko yabasebenzi kunye nempahla.
5. Amatyala okwenyani
Isilumkiso sasekuqaleni seTyphoon “Lingling” ngo-2019
Ngowama-2019, iTyphoon Lingling yafika eMpuma China Sea, kwaye kwakhutshwa isilumkiso esinamandla semozulu kwangaphambili ngenxa yokuqwalaselwa okuninzi okwenziwe zizikhululo zemozulu ngaphambi kokufika kwetyphoon. Ezi zilumkiso zakuqala zivumela abemi abakwiindawo ezikunxweme ukuba balungiselele kwangaphambili, benciphisa iingozi kunye nokulahlekelwa yimpahla okubangelwa ziinkqwithela. Inkqubo yokujonga idatha ngexesha langempela yesikhululo semozulu yaxela kwangaphambili amandla kunye nendlela ehambahambayo ye "Ling Ling" ngohlalutyo lwesantya somoya, uxinzelelo kunye nolunye ulwazi, inika isiseko sesayensi sempendulo engxamisekileyo karhulumente wengingqi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezolimo kwizikhululo zemozulu kwiindawo zasemaphandleni zaseTshayina
Kwiindawo ezininzi zasemaphandleni eTshayina ezikude, amasebe emozulu aseke izikhululo zemozulu zasefama. Ngokujonga ukufuma komhlaba, ubushushu, imvula kunye nolunye ulwazi, ezi zikhululo zemozulu ziye zaphuhlisa uqikelelo lwemozulu olujoliswe ekuncedeni abalimi ukuba balungiselele ixesha lokutyala nokuvuna. Umzekelo, kwenye indawo, ukufikelela ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwidatha yemvula kuye kwenza abalimi bakwazi ukusabela ngcono kwimbalela eqhubekayo, ukuqinisekisa ukukhula kwezityalo kunye nokwandisa imveliso yokutya.
Idatha yochungechunge lwexesha elide kwizifundo zotshintsho lwemozulu
Iminyaka emininzi yedatha yemozulu iqokelelwa kwizikhululo zemozulu kwihlabathi liphela, nto leyo enika isiseko esiqinileyo sokujonga utshintsho lwemozulu. IZiko leSizwe leDatha yeMozulu (i-NCDC) eMelika, umzekelo, lixhomekeke kwidatha yexesha elide evela kumakhulu ezikhululo zemozulu ukuhlalutya nokuqikelela iindlela zotshintsho lwemozulu. Bafumanise ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ubushushu obuqhelekileyo eMelika buye banda kancinci kancinci, nto leyo eye yachaphazela utshintsho kwiinkqubo zendalo kunye nokuphindaphindeka kweentlekele zemvelo. Ezi zifundo zibonelela ngesiseko sesayensi kubenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo ukuba benze amaqhinga okujongana notshintsho lwemozulu kunye nemingeni oluyibangelayo.
6. Indlela yophuhliso yexesha elizayo
Izitishi zemozulu ziyatshintsha njengoko ubuchwepheshe butshintsha. Izitishi zemozulu kwixesha elizayo ziya kuba zikrelekrele ngakumbi, zinxibelelane kwaye zidibene:
Isikhululo semozulu esikrelekrele: Sebenzisa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye netekhnoloji yohlalutyo lwedatha enkulu ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuchaneka kokucubungula idatha.
Uthungelwano: Uthungelwano lwenziwa phakathi kwezikhululo zemozulu ezininzi ukuze kwabelwane ngedatha yexesha langempela kwaye kuphuculwe amandla okubeka esweni ngokubanzi.
Ukubeka esweni emoyeni: Ukudibanisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha obufana needrone kunye neesathelayithi ukwandisa ububanzi kunye nobunzulu bokujonga imozulu.
Isiphelo
Njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokujonga nophando lwemozulu, izitishi zemozulu aziboneleli nje kuphela ngenkxaso yedatha esisiseko yokubikezela imozulu, kodwa zikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nophando lotshintsho lwemozulu, inkonzo yemozulu yezolimo kunye nesilumkiso sangaphambi kwexesha sentlekele. Ngokuqhubeka kwenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nohlaziyo lwedatha, izitishi zemozulu ziya kubonelela ngeenkonzo zemozulu ezichanekileyo nezifike ngexesha elifanelekileyo kubomi bomntu kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho, kwaye zinegalelo ekusombululeni umngeni wotshintsho lwemozulu.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-15-2025