Njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo soqwalaselo lwemozulu kunye nophando, izikhululo zemozulu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqondeni nasekuqikeleleni imozulu, ukufunda ngotshintsho lwemozulu, ukukhusela ezolimo nokukhuthaza uphuhliso loqoqosho. Eli phepha liza kuxoxa ngomsebenzi osisiseko, ukwakheka, indlela yokusebenza yesikhululo semozulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nokubaluleka ekusebenzeni.
1. Imisebenzi esisiseko yezikhululo zemozulu
Umsebenzi ophambili wesikhululo semozulu kukuqokelela, ukubhala nokuhlalutya iinkcukacha ezinxulumene nemozulu. Le datha ibandakanya, kodwa ayiphelelanga apho:
Iqondo lobushushu: Irekhoda utshintsho emoyeni nangaphezulu.
Ukufuma: Ilinganisa ubungakanani bomphunga wamanzi osemoyeni kwaye ichaphazela utshintsho lwemozulu.
Uxinzelelo lweBarometric: Ukubeka iliso kutshintsho kuxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric ukunceda ukuqikelela ukuhamba kweenkqubo zemozulu.
Ukuza kwemvula: Ukurekhoda ubungakanani kunye nobunzulu bemvula kubalulekile kulawulo lobutyebi bamanzi kunye nokunkcenkceshela kwezolimo.
Isantya somoya kunye nalapho uya khona: Izikhululo zemozulu ziqokelela olu lwazi ngee-anemometers kunye nee-vanes zomoya ukunceda ukuhlalutya iziphumo zomoya, ngakumbi kuqikelelo lwezaqhwithi kunye nezaqhwithi.
2. Ukuqulunqwa kwezikhululo zemozulu
Isikhululo semozulu sikholisa ukuba nala macandelo alandelayo ukuphumeza ingqokelela yedatha yemozulu:
IiSensors: Izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zemozulu, ezifana nezinzwa zobushushu, iiprobe zokufuma, iimitha zemvula, njl.
Irekhoda: Isixhobo sokugcinwa kwedatha esirekhoda ulwazi oluqokelelwe yinzwa.
Inkqubo yonxibelelwano: Idatha eqokelelweyo igqithiselwa kwiziko lezemozulu okanye isiseko sedatha ngexesha lokwenyani ukuze kuhlalutywe okulandelayo.
Izixhobo zamandla: Umbane oqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhululo semozulu, izikhululo ezininzi zemozulu zanamhlanje zisebenzisa amandla elanga.
Inkqubo yedatha kunye nesoftware yohlalutyo: Sebenzisa isoftware yekhompyuter ukuhlalutya kunye nokubona idatha ukuvelisa uqikelelo lwemozulu kunye neengxelo zemozulu.
3. Indlela yokusebenza kwezikhululo zemozulu
Izikhululo zemozulu zahlulwe ngokwezikhululo zemozulu ezizenzekelayo kunye nezikhululo zemozulu ezenziweyo:
Isikhululo semozulu esizenzekelayo: Olu hlobo lwesikhululo semozulu ngokuqhelekileyo luqulunqwe ngeekhomputha kunye nezinzwa, ezinokuqokelela idatha kwiiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku kwaye zilayishe idatha ngexesha langempela. Olu hlobo lwesikhululo semozulu lusetyenziswa kakhulu kuphando lwezenzululwazi kunye noqikelelo lwemozulu, ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kunye nokuchaneka.
Izitishi zemozulu ezenziwe ngokwenziwa: Izikhululo zemozulu ezinjalo zixhomekeke kwiimeteorologists ukujonga imihla ngemihla kunye nerekhodi, nangona ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kwedatha kuphezulu, kodwa kuchaphazeleke yimozulu kunye nokusebenza ngesandla, kuya kuba nemida ethile.
Emva kwenkqubo engqongqo esemgangathweni, idatha yesikhululo semozulu ayifuni nje ukucocwa kwangaphambili kwaye ilungiswe, kodwa iphinda iphicothwe lisebe lezemozulu ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kolwazi lwemozulu.
4. Ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwezikhululo zemozulu
Izikhululo zemozulu zinezicelo ezibalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka:
Uqikelelo lwemozulu: Ngolwazi olunikwe zizikhululo zemozulu, izazi ngemozulu ziyakwazi ukuhlalutya iintsingiselo zemozulu kwaye zivelise uqikelelo lwemozulu oluchanekileyo ukunceda uluntu kunye nemizi-mveliso ukulungiselela kwangaphambili.
Ulawulo lwezoLimo: Abalimi banokuhlengahlengisa izicwangciso zokutyala ngokweenkcukacha zemozulu ezibonelelwa zizitishi zemozulu, balungiselele ngokufanelekileyo ukunkcenkceshela nokuchumisa, nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwemveliso yezolimo kunye nesivuno.
Uphando lwemozulu: Ekuqokelelweni kwedatha yexesha elide, izikhululo zemozulu zinceda ukufunda utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokubonelela ngesiseko senzululwazi sokwenziwa komgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo.
Isilumkiso sentlekele: Ngaphambi kokuba kubekho iintlekele zemvelo, izikhululo zemozulu zinokunikela isilumkiso kwangethuba ngemozulu, njengezaqhwithi, iimvula ezinkulu, amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo, njl.
5. Amatyala okwenene
Ityala lesilumkiso sokuqala seTyphoon "Lingling" ngo-2019
Ngo-2019, iTyphoon Lingling yenza umhlaba kuLwandle lwase-China oluseMpuma, kwaye isilumkiso esinamandla semozulu sakhutshwa kwangethuba ngenxa yoqwalaselo oluninzi olwenziwe zizikhululo zemozulu ngaphambi kokufika kwenkanyamba. Ezi zilumkiso kwangethuba zenza abahlali abakwiindawo ezingaselunxwemeni bazilungiselele kwangaphambili, kuncitshiswe iingxwelerha kunye nelahleko yepropathi ebangelwa zinkanyamba. Inkqubo yokujonga idatha yexesha langempela yesikhululo semozulu yaxela kwangaphambili ubunzima kunye nomzila ohambayo we "Ling Ling" ngokuhlalutya kwesantya somoya, uxinzelelo kunye nezinye iinkcukacha, ukubonelela ngesiseko senzululwazi sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza korhulumente wasekhaya.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezolimo kwizikhululo zemozulu ezisemaphandleni eTshayina
Kwiindawo ezininzi ezisemaphandleni zaseTshayina, isebe lemozulu liye laseka izikhululo zemozulu zasefama. Ngokubeka esweni ukufuma komhlaba, amaqondo obushushu, imvula kunye nezinye iinkcukacha, ezi zikhululo zemozulu ziye zaphuhlisa uqikelelo lwemozulu ekujoliswe kulo ukunceda abalimi ukulungiselela ixesha lokutyala kunye nokuvuna. Umzekelo, komnye ummandla, ukufikelela kwangethuba kwidatha yemvula kwenze amafama asabela ngcono kwimbalela ethe gqolo, eqinisekisa ukukhula kwezityalo nokwandisa imveliso yokutya.
Uluhlu olude lwedatha kwizifundo zokutshintsha kwemozulu
Iminyaka yolwazi lwemozulu iqokelelwa kwizikhululo zemozulu kwihlabathi jikelele, inika isiseko esiluqilima sokuhlola utshintsho lwemozulu. Ngokomzekelo, iNational Climatic Data Centre (NCDC) eUnited States, ixhomekeke kwiinkcukacha zexesha elide ezisuka kumakhulukhulu ezikhululo zemozulu ukuze zihlalutye zize ziqikelele iintsingiselo zokutshintsha kwemozulu. Baye bafumanisa ukuba kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka adluleyo, umlinganiselo wobushushu eUnited States uye wanda ngokuthe ngcembe, nto leyo eye yachaphazela ukuguquka kwenkqubo yezinto eziphilayo nendawo eziphila kuyo kunye nokuphindaphindeka kweentlekele zemvelo. Ezi zifundo zibonelela ngesiseko senzululwazi kubenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo ukuba benze izicwangciso zokujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nemingeni ebangelwayo.
6. Isikhokelo sophuhliso kwixesha elizayo
Izikhululo zemozulu ziyaguquka njengoko itekhnoloji iguquka. Izikhululo zemozulu kwixesha elizayo ziya kuba krelekrele ngakumbi, zithungelwe kwaye zihlanganiswe:
Isikhululo semozulu esikrelekrele: Sebenzisa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye netekhnoloji enkulu yohlalutyo lwedatha ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuchaneka kwedatha.
Uthungelwano: Uthungelwano lwenziwa phakathi kwezikhululo zemozulu ezininzi ukwabelana ngedatha yexesha lokwenyani kunye nokuphucula amandla okubeka iliso ngokubanzi.
Uhlolo lwasemoyeni: Ukudibanisa ubugcisa obutsha obufana needrone kunye neesathelayithi ukwandisa umda kunye nobunzulu bophononongo lwemozulu.
Ukuqukumbela
Njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuphononongwa kwemozulu kunye nophando, izikhululo zemozulu aziboneleli kuphela ngenkxaso yolwazi olusisiseko kuqikelelo lwemozulu, kodwa zikwadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nophando lokutshintsha kwemozulu, inkonzo yemozulu yezolimo kunye nokulumkisa kwangethuba ngentlekele. Ngenkqubela phambili yethekhinoloji eqhubekayo kunye nohlaziyo lwedatha, izikhululo zemozulu ziya kubonelela ngeenkonzo ezichanekileyo nezichanekileyo zemozulu kubomi bomntu kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho, kwaye negalelo ekujonganeni nomngeni wokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-15-2025