UShuohao Cai, umfundi ofundela ubugqirha kwisayensi yomhlaba, ubeka intonga yesensa enestikha yesensa esinemisebenzi emininzi esivumela ukulinganiswa kubunzulu obahlukeneyo emhlabeni kwiSikhululo soPhando lwezoLimo kwiYunivesithi yaseWisconsin-Madison Hancock.
MADISON — Iinjineli zeYunivesithi yaseWisconsin-Madison ziphuhlise izinzwa ezingabizi kakhulu ezinokubonelela ngokubekwa esweni rhoqo, ngexesha langempela kwe-nitrate kwiintlobo zomhlaba eziqhelekileyo zaseWisconsin. Ezi zinzwa ze-electrochemical eziprintiweyo zinokunceda abalimi ukuba benze izigqibo zolawulo lwezondlo ezinolwazi oluthe kratya kwaye bazuze iingenelo zoqoqosho.
“Izinzwa zethu zinganika abalimi ukuqonda okungcono imeko yesondlo somhlaba wabo kunye nobungakanani be-nitrate ekhoyo kwizityalo zabo, zibancede bagqibe ngokuchanekileyo ukuba badinga isichumiso esingakanani,” utshilo uJoseph Andrews, uprofesa oncedisayo kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard. Olu phononongo lukhokelwa yiSikolo soBunjineli boMatshini kwiYunivesithi yaseWisconsin-Madison. “Ukuba banokunciphisa ubungakanani besichumiso abasithengayo, ukonga iindleko kunokuba yinto ebalulekileyo kwiifama ezinkulu.”
IiNitrates zisondlo esibalulekileyo ekukhuleni kwezityalo, kodwa iiNitrates ezigqithisileyo zinokuphuma emhlabeni zingene emanzini angaphantsi komhlaba. Olu hlobo longcoliseko luyingozi kubantu abasela amanzi angcolileyo kwaye luyingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo. Inzwa entsha yabaphandi ingasetyenziswa njengesixhobo sophando lwezolimo ukujonga ukuvuza kweNitrate kunye nokunceda ukuphuhlisa iindlela ezilungileyo zokunciphisa iziphumo zayo eziyingozi.
Iindlela zangoku zokujonga i-nitrate yomhlaba zifuna umsebenzi omninzi, zibiza kakhulu, kwaye aziboneleli ngedatha yexesha langempela. Yiyo loo nto ingcali ye-elektroniki eprintiweyo u-Andrews kunye neqela lakhe bazimisele ukudala isisombululo esingcono nesingabizi kakhulu.
Kule projekthi, abaphandi basebenzise inkqubo yokuprinta i-inkjet ukwenza i-potentiometric sensor, uhlobo lwe-thin-film electrochemical sensor. Ii-potentiometric sensors zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo i-nitrate kwizisombululo zolwelo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi sensors ngokubanzi azifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo zomhlaba kuba amasuntswana amakhulu omhlaba anokukrwela ii-sensors kwaye athintele ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo.
“Umngeni omkhulu esasizama ukuwusombulula yayikukufumana indlela yokwenza ezi sensors ze-electrochemical zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo kwiimeko zomhlaba ezinzima kwaye zichonge ngokuchanekileyo ii-ion ze-nitrate,” utshilo u-Andrews.
Isisombululo seqela yayikukubeka umaleko we-polyvinylidene fluoride kwi-sensor. Ngokutsho kuka-Andrews, le nto ineempawu ezimbini ezibalulekileyo. Okokuqala, inee-pores ezincinci kakhulu, ezimalunga nama-nanometer angama-400 ngobukhulu, ezivumela ii-ion ze-nitrate ukuba zidlule ngelixa zivala amasuntswana omhlaba. Okwesibini, i-hydrophilic, oko kukuthi, itsala amanzi kwaye iwafunxe njengesiponji.
“Ngoko ke nawaphi na amanzi atyebileyo kwi-nitrate aya kungena ngokukhethekileyo kwiisensa zethu, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu kuba umhlaba ufana nesiponji kwaye uza kulahlekelwa ngumlo malunga nokufuma okungena kwisensa ukuba awukwazi ukufumana ukufunxwa kwamanzi okufanayo. Amandla omhlaba,” utshilo u-Andrews. “Ezi mpawu zomaleko we-polyvinylidene fluoride zisivumela ukuba sikhuphe amanzi atyebileyo kwi-nitrate, siwase kumphezulu wesensa kwaye sibone ngokuchanekileyo i-nitrate.”
Abaphandi bachaze inkqubela yabo kwiphepha elapapashwa ngoMatshi 2024 kwijenali i-Advanced Materials Technology.
Iqela livavanye isenzi salo kwiintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba ezinxulumene neWisconsin—umhlaba onesanti, oxhaphakileyo kwiindawo ezisemantla embindini welizwe, kunye nomhlaba otyebileyo, oxhaphakileyo kumzantsi-ntshona weWisconsin—kwaye lafumanisa ukuba izisenzi zivelise iziphumo ezichanekileyo.
Abaphandi ngoku badibanisa i-nitrate sensor yabo kwinkqubo ye-sensor esebenza ngeendlela ezininzi abayibiza ngokuba yi-"sensor sticker," apho iintlobo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo ze-sensor zifakelwa kumphezulu weplastiki oguquguqukayo kusetyenziswa i-adhesive backing backward. Ezi sticker zikwanazo ne-humidity kunye ne-temperature sensors.
Abaphandi baza kuncamathisela izitikha ezininzi zeemvakalelo kwipali, bazibeke kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezahlukeneyo, baze bazigqume emhlabeni. Olu lungiselelo lwabavumela ukuba bathathe imilinganiselo kubunzulu obahlukeneyo bomhlaba.
“Ngokulinganisa i-nitrate, ukufuma kunye nobushushu kubunzulu obahlukeneyo, ngoku singabala inkqubo yokutsalwa kwe-nitrate size siqonde indlela i-nitrate ehamba ngayo emhlabeni, into eyayingenakwenzeka ngaphambili,” utshilo u-Andrews.
Ehlotyeni lowama-2024, abaphandi baceba ukubeka iintonga zesensor ezingama-30 emhlabeni kwiHancock Agricultural Research Station nakwiArlington Agricultural Research Station kwiYunivesithi yaseWisconsin-Madison ukuze bavavanye ngakumbi le sensor.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-09-2024