Ukugxilwa kweoksijini kumanzi eplanethi yethu kuncipha ngokukhawuleza nangokumangalisayo-ukusuka kumachibi ukuya elwandle. Ilahleko eqhubekayo ye-oksijini ayisongeli kuphela i-ecosystems, kodwa kunye neendlela zokuphila zamacandelo amakhulu oluntu kunye neplanethi yonke, ngokutsho kwababhali bophando lwamazwe ngamazwe olubandakanya i-GEOMAR epapashwe namhlanje kwi-Nature Ecology & Evolution.
Babiza ukulahleka kwe-oksijini emanzini ukuba kuqatshelwe njengomnye umda weplanethi ukuze kugxininiswe ukubeka iliso kwihlabathi, uphando kunye nezopolitiko.
Ioksijini yeyona nto ifunekayo kubomi kwisijikelezi-langa esinguMhlaba. Ukulahleka kweoksijini emanzini, okukwabizwa ngokuba yi-aquatic deoxygenation, kuyingozi kubomi kuwo onke amanqanaba. Iqela labaphandi bamazwe ngamazwe lichaza indlela i-deoxygenation eqhubekayo ebonisa ngayo ingozi enkulu kubomi beendawo ezinkulu zoluntu kunye nokuzinza kobomi kwiplanethi yethu.
Uphando lwangaphambili luchonge uluhlu lweenkqubo zesikali sehlabathi, ezibizwa ngokuba yimida yeeplanethi, ezilawula ukuhlalwa jikelele kunye nokuzinza kweplanethi. Ukuba imingcele ebalulekileyo kwezi nkqubo idluliswa, umngcipheko wenguqu enkulu, ngokukhawuleza okanye engenakuguqulelwa kwimeko yendalo ("amanqaku okunciphisa") ayanda kunye nokuqina kweplanethi yethu, ukuzinza kwayo, kuyingozi.
Phakathi kwemida yeplanethi elithoba kukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukutshintsha kokusetyenziswa komhlaba, kunye nelahleko yezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ababhali besifundo esitsha bathi i-deoxygenation yasemanzini zombini iphendula, kwaye ilawula, ezinye iinkqubo zemida yeplanethi.
"Kubalulekile ukuba i-aquatic deoxygenation yongezwe kuluhlu lwemida yeplanethi," watsho uNjingalwazi uGqr. Rose ovela kwiRensselaer Polytechnic Institute eTroy, eNew York, umbhali okhokelayo wopapasho. "Oku kuya kunceda kwaye kugxininise ekubekeni iliso kwihlabathi jikelele, uphando, kunye neenzame zomgaqo-nkqubo wokunceda indalo yethu yasemanzini kunye noluntu ngokubanzi."
Kuyo yonke indalo yasemanzini, ukusuka kwimilambo kunye nemilambo, amachibi, amadama, kunye namachibi ukuya kumachweba, amanxweme, kunye nolwandle oluvulekileyo, ukuxinana kweoksijini enyibilikileyo kwehle ngokukhawuleza kwaye kwehle kakhulu kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje.
Amachibi kunye namadama afumene ilahleko yeoksijini eyi-5.5% kunye ne-18.6% ngokulandelelanayo ukusukela ngo-1980. Ulwandle lufumene ilahleko yeoksijini emalunga ne-2% ukusukela ngo-1960.
I-ecosystems yaselwandle nayo ifumene ukuguquguquka okukhulu ekuphelelweni kweoksijini. Umzekelo, amanzi aphakathi kuMbindi weKhalifoniya aphulukene ne-40% yeoksijini yawo kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka adlulileyo. Ubuninzi bezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini ezichatshazelwa kukuncipha kweoksijini ziye zanda kakhulu kuzo zonke iintlobo.
"Izinto ezibangela ukulahleka kweoksijini emanzini kukufudumala kwehlabathi ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse kunye negalelo lezondlo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa komhlaba," utsho umbhali-mbhali uDkt Andreas Oschlies, unjingalwazi weMarine Biogeochemical Modeling kwiGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel.
“Ukuba amaqondo obushushu amanzi ayenyuka, ukunyibilika kweoksijini emanzini kuyehla.” Ngaphezu koko, ukufudumala kwehlabathi kwandisa ukuhluma komgangatho wamanzi, kuba amanzi ashushu, anetyuwa ephantsi nanoxinano oluphantsi alele phezu kwamanzi abandayo, anzulu ngakumbi anetyuwa ngaphantsi.
"Oku kuthintela ukutshintshiselana komgangatho onzulu weoksijini kunye namanzi angaphezulu aneoksijini eninzi." Ukongeza, igalelo lezondlo eliphuma kumhlaba lixhasa i-algal blooms, elikhokelela ekubeni ioksijini eninzi isetyenziswe njengoko i-organic material iyatshona kwaye iboliswe yi-microbes ebunzulu.
Iindawo eziselwandle apho kukho ioksijini encinci kangangokuba iintlanzi, iimbaza okanye ii-crustaceans azinakuphinda ziphile zisongela kungekuphela nje izinto eziphilayo, kodwa kunye neenkonzo ze-ecosystem ezifana nokuloba, i-aquaculture, ukhenketho kunye nenkcubeko.
Iinkqubo zeMicrobiotic kwimimandla ephelelwe yioksijini ziphinda zivelise iigesi ezinamandla ze-greenhouse ezifana ne-nitrous oxide kunye ne-methane, ezinokukhokelela ekwandeni kobushushu behlabathi kwaye ngaloo ndlela kube ngunobangela omkhulu wokuphela kweoksijini.
Ababhali bayalumkisa: Sisondela kwimida ebalulekileyo ye-aquatic deoxygenation eya kuthi ekugqibeleni ichaphazele eminye imida yeplanethi.
Unjingalwazi uGqr. Rose uthi, “Ioksijini enyityilisiweyo ilawula indima yamanzi aselwandle nacocekileyo ekulungelelaniseni imozulu yomhlaba.
"Ukungaphumeleli ukujongana ne-aquatic deoxygenation, ekugqibeleni, akuyi kuchaphazela kuphela i-ecosystems kodwa kunye nomsebenzi wezoqoqosho, kunye noluntu kwinqanaba lehlabathi."
Iintsingiselo ze-aquatic deoxygenation zibonisa isilumkiso esicacileyo kunye nokubizela kwisenzo ekufuneka sikhuthaze utshintsho ukucotha okanye nokunciphisa lo mda weplanethi.
Umgangatho wamanzi unyibilike inzwa yeoksijini
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-12-2024