Njengoko ingqwalasela yehlabathi jikelele kukhuseleko lwemithombo yamanzi kunye nokhuseleko lwamanzi isanda, izinzwa zomgangatho wamanzi ziye zaba sisiseko sokuqokelelwa kwedatha, kunye nezicelo zazo zigxile kakhulu kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokujonga okusingqongileyo. Izifundo ezilandelayo zamazwe ngamazwe zibonisa indlela ezi zinzwa ezidlala ngayo indima ebalulekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
Ityala 1: I-United States - Inethiwekhi Yokujonga Umgangatho Wamanzi Ngexesha Langempela kwiSidibi yoMlambo iDelaware
Imvelaphi:
I-Delaware River Basin ibonelela ngamanzi okusela kubantu abamalunga nezigidi ezili-15 kumantla-mpuma e-United States, nto leyo eyenza ulawulo lwayo lomgangatho wamanzi kunye nolawulo lwezikhukula kubaluleke kakhulu.
Isicelo kunye nesisombululo:
Igunya lolawulo lesitya liseke inethiwekhi yokujonga umgangatho wamanzi ngexesha langempela egubungela lonke ishedi yamanzi. Izinzwa zomgangatho wamanzi ezineeparameter ezininzi zifakwa kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo emilanjeni, emachibini, nakwiindawo zokungenisa amanzi, zilinganisa rhoqo:
- Iiparameters ezibonakalayo: Ubushushu bamanzi, ukuxinana kwamanzi, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla
- IiParameters zeKhemikhali: Ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo, i-pH, uxinaniso lwe-nitrate
Ezi sensor zithumela idatha kwiziko lolawulo eliphakathi ngexesha langempela ngesathelayithi okanye iinethiwekhi zeselula. Ukuba kufunyenwe into engaqhelekanga (umz., ukunyuka okukhulu koxinzelelo oluvela kwisiphango okanye isiganeko esinokungcoliswa), inkqubo ibangela isilumkiso ngoko nangoko.
Iziphumo:
- Izithintelo Amanzi Okusela: Izityalo zokunyanga amanzi zinokulunyukiswa kwangaphambili ngotshintsho kumgangatho wamanzi avela kuzo, nto leyo evumela ukuba zilungise iinkqubo zokunyanga ngokukhawuleza.
- Inceda Isilumkiso Sokukhukula Nongcoliseko: Ibonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela kwiimodeli zezikhukula kwaye ivumela ukuchongwa ngokukhawuleza kwemithombo yongcoliseko, inciphisa amaxesha okusabela kwingxakeko.
- Ixhasa uPhando lwe-Ecosystem: Idatha yexesha elide neqhubekayo inika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo lokufunda impembelelo yotshintsho lwemozulu kunye nemisebenzi yabantu kwi-ecology yamanzi.
Ityala lesi-2: I-European Union – Ukubeka iliso kwi-Nutrient Sensor kunye noLawulo lwezoLimo kwi-Seine Estuary
Imvelaphi:
EYurophu, ingakumbi kumazwe angamalungu abotshelelwe yiWater Framework Directive, ukulawula ungcoliseko lwezolimo olungeyondawo (umz., izondlo zenitrogen kunye nephosphorus) ngumceli mngeni ophambili wokuphucula umgangatho wamanzi. Ichweba laseSeine eFransi lelinye lala mazwe.
Isicelo kunye nesisombululo:
Iiarhente zendalo zasekuhlaleni zithumele izinzwa ze-nitrate ezichanekileyo kakhulu kwi-epituary nakwimijelo yayo ephambili. Ezi zinzwa azisetyenziselwa kuphela ukujonga emva kwe-facto kodwa zidibene nedatha yemisebenzi yezolimo ukudala inkqubo yempendulo yolawulo lwezolimo oluchanekileyo.
- Izinzwa zihlala zijonga ubuninzi be-nitrate, zichaza utshintsho lwazo lwexesha kunye nolwendawo.
- Olu lwazi lunikezelwa kwiinkampani zolimo zasekuhlaleni kunye nabalimi, nto leyo ebonisa ngokucacileyo impembelelo yokwenyani yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zolimo kunye nexesha lokufaka izichumiso kumgangatho wamanzi asezantsi.
Iziphumo:
- Ikhuthaza uLimo oluQhelekileyo: Abalimi banokwenza ngcono ixesha kunye nobungakanani besichumisi ngokusekelwe kulwazi lokujonga, ukunciphisa ukugeleza kwezondlo kwindawo ezifumaneka kuyo ngelixa begcina isivuno kwaye bezalisekisa uxanduva lokusingqongileyo.
- Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kakuhle komgaqo-nkqubo: Olu nxibelelwano lokubeka esweni lubonelela ngobungqina obuninzi bokuvavanya iingenelo zokusingqongileyo zoMgaqo-nkqubo wezoLimo oQhelekileyo we-EU.
Ityala 3: ISingapore – Ukuqonda Okupheleleyo Kwinkqubo Yamanzi asezidolophini phantsi koMgaqo-nkqubo weSizwe esiLungileyo
Imvelaphi:
Njengomzekelo we-“Smart Nation,” iSingapore idibanise ngokupheleleyo itekhnoloji ye-sensor kuyo yonke i-water circuit yayo, kubandakanya ukuveliswa kwe-NEWater, ukusasazwa kwamanzi okusela, kunye nonyango lwamanzi amdaka.
Isicelo kunye nesisombululo:
- Amadama okugcina amanzi kunye nemithombo yamanzi: Izinzwa zomgangatho wamanzi ezineeparameter ezininzi kunye nezinzwa zebhayoloji (umz., ukusebenzisa iintlanzi eziphilayo ukujonga ubuthi) zisetyenziselwa ukujonga amanzi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwamanzi avela kuzo.
- Inethiwekhi yoSasazo lwaManzi: Inethiwekhi enkulu yeenzwa isasazwa kuyo yonke imibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi ezidolophini, ijonga izalathisi ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-chlorine eseleyo, i-pH, kunye nokuxinana kwamanzi ngexesha langempela. Ukuba kufunyenwe into engaqhelekanga okanye i-chlorine eseleyo ayonelanga, inkqubo inokulungisa ngokuzenzekelayo iidosi ze-chlorination okanye ifumane ngokukhawuleza iindawo ezinokungcola, iqinisekise ukhuseleko lwamanzi "kwimayile yokugqibela."
- Izityalo Zokucoca Amanzi Amdaka: Izinzwa ezikwi-intanethi ze-ammonia nitrogen, i-nitrate, kunye ne-COD (iMfuno yeOksijini yeKhemikhali) ziphucula iinkqubo zokucoca umoya kunye nodaka, ziphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Iziphumo:
- Ivumela uLawulo oluValekileyo: Ulawulo oluqhutywa yidatha ukusuka “kumpompo ukuya kumpompo” luqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokunikezelwa kwamanzi okukumgangatho wehlabathi.
- Iphucula Ukusebenza Kakuhle Kokusebenza: Idatha yenzwa itshintsha ukusebenza kwezibonelelo zamanzi ukusuka kumava ukuya ekuqikeleleni nasekulungiselelweni, nto leyo egcina iindleko zokusebenza.
Ityala lesi-4: IJapan – Ukubeka iliso kwiSensor yexesha elide kunye noPhando lweZixokelelwano zeNdalo zaseLake
Imvelaphi:
IJapan likhaya lamachibi amaninzi abalulekileyo, afana neLake Biwa, apho impilo yendalo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuthintela ukuqhuma kwezityalo kunye nokudubula kwe-cyanobacteria yeyona nto iphambili kulawulo.
Isicelo kunye nesisombululo:
Amaziko ophando kunye namaqumrhu olawulo asebenzisa ii-buoy zokujonga umgangatho wamanzi ezithe nkqo emachibini. Ezi buoy zixhotyiswe ngee-sensor zomgangatho wamanzi ezilinganisa ubunzulu obahlukeneyo:
- I-Chlorophyll-uxinzelelo (olubonisa ngokuthe ngqo i-algal biomass)
- I-Phycocyanin (ekhethekileyo kwi-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka)
- Ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo (esetyenziselwa ukumisela ukuhluma kwamanzi kunye neemeko ze-anoxia)
- Ubushushu bamanzi
Ezi buoys ziqokelela idatha ixesha elide kumaza aphezulu, zakha iimodeli eziguquguqukayo ze-ecosystem yelali, ezidla ngokudityaniswa ne-satellite remote sensing.
Iziphumo:
- Uqikelelo Oluchanekileyo Lweentyantyambo Ze-Algal: Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kwe-chlorophyll-a kunye ne-phycocyanin kuvumela ukuqikelela iintyambo ze-algal kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kwangaphambili, okubonelela ngexesha elibalulekileyo kubaphathi lokuphumeza amanyathelo okuchasa.
- Iqinisa Ukuqonda Kwendalo: Idatha yexesha elide necacileyo inika isiseko sesayensi esingenakutshintshwa sokuqonda indlela iinkqubo zendalo zasemachibini ezisabela ngayo kutshintsho lwemozulu.
Isiphelo
Ukususela kulawulo olukhulu lweendawo zamanzi e-US ukuya kulawulo longcoliseko lwezolimo kwi-EU, nakwiinkqubo zamanzi akrelekrele zasezidolophini eSingapore ukuya kuphando lwe-ecosystem echibini eJapan, la matyala ehlabathi abonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba izinzwa zomgangatho wamanzi ziye zavela ngaphaya kwezixhobo zokuqokelela idatha ezilula. Ngoku zizinto eziphambili zokufezekisa ulawulo oluchanekileyo lokusingqongileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko loluntu, ukuqhubela phambili uphando lwesayensi, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweziseko zophuhliso. Njengoko ubuchwepheshe be-IoT kunye ne-AI buqhubeka nophuhliso, ukusetyenziswa kwehlabathi kwezinzwa zomgangatho wamanzi ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kuba nzulu ngakumbi kwaye kube krelekrele.
Singabonelela ngezisombululo ezahlukeneyo
1. Imitha ephathwayo yomgangatho wamanzi weparameter ezininzi
2. Inkqubo ye-Floating Buoy yomgangatho wamanzi we-multi-parameter
3. Ibrashi yokucoca ngokuzenzekelayo yesixhobo sokuvavanya amanzi esineeparameter ezininzi
4. Iseti epheleleyo yeeseva kunye nemodyuli engenazingcingo yesoftware, ixhasa i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
Ukuze ufumane isivamvo samanzi esingakumbi ulwazi,
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Ixesha leposi: Okthobha-09-2025