UMzantsi Merika unemozulu eyahlukileyo kunye neemeko zejografi, ukusuka kwihlathi laseAmazon ukuya kwiiNtaba zeAndes ukuya kwiPampas enkulu. Imizi-mveliso efana nezolimo, amandla, kunye nezothutho ixhomekeke ngakumbi kwidatha yemozulu. Njengesixhobo esingundoqo sokuqokelelwa kwedatha yemozulu, izikhululo zemozulu ziya zisetyenziswa kakhulu eMzantsi Melika. Ngokubeka iliso ngexesha langempela leeparamitha zemeteorological ezifana nobushushu, imvula, isantya somoya, kunye nomswakama, izikhululo zemeteorological zibonelela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yezolimo, isilumkiso sentlekele, ulawulo lwemithombo yamanzi kunye nezinye iindawo.
1. Imisebenzi kunye noncedo lwezikhululo zemozulu
Isikhululo semozulu sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni nokurekhoda idatha yemozulu, ngokuqhelekileyo kuquka le misebenzi ilandelayo:
Ukujongwa kweeparamitha ezininzi: Inokubeka iliso kwiiparamitha ezininzi zemozulu ezifana nobushushu, imvula, isantya somoya, icala lomoya, ukufuma, uxinzelelo lomoya, kunye nemitha yelanga ngexesha lokwenyani.
Ukurekhodwa kwedatha kunye nokuhanjiswa: Isikhululo semeteorological sinokurekhoda ngokuzenzekelayo idatha kwaye sidlulisele idatha kwisiseko sedatha ephakathi okanye iqonga lelifu ngenethiwekhi engenazingcingo ukuhlalutya lula kunye nokwabelana.
Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nexesha lokwenyani: Izikhululo zemozulu zanamhlanje zisebenzisa izinzwa ezichanekileyo zokubonelela ngexesha lokwenyani kunye nedatha echanekileyo yemozulu.
Ukubeka iliso kude: Nge-Intanethi, abasebenzisi banokufikelela bekude idatha yesikhululo semozulu ukuze bajonge ixesha lokwenyani kunye nesilumkiso kwangethuba.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezikhululo zemozulu eMzantsi Melika kunezi nzuzo zilandelayo:
Xhasa ukuchaneka kwezolimo: bonelela amafama ngeenkcukacha zemozulu ezichanekileyo ukunceda ukwandisa izicwangciso zokutyala nokunkcenkceshela.
Isilumkiso sentlekele: ukujonga ixesha langempela kwiziganeko zemozulu ezimbi kakhulu njengemvula enkulu, isomiso, izivunguvungu, njl., Ukubonelela ngesiseko sokuthintela iintlekele kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza.
Ulawulo lobutyebi bamanzi: ukubeka iliso kwimvula kunye nokuguquka kwamanzi, ukuxhasa ulawulo lwamadama kunye nokucwangciswa kokunkcenkceshela.
Uphando lwezeNzululwazi: ukubonelela ngedatha yexesha elide kunye neqhubekayo yemozulu yophando lwemozulu kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo.
2. Amatyala ezicelo eMzantsi Melika
2.1 Imvelaphi yesicelo
Imozulu yaseMzantsi Merika intsonkothile yaye yahlukahlukene, yaye eminye imimandla idla ngokuchatshazelwa yimozulu embi kakhulu, njengemvula enkulu eAmazon, iqabaka kwiiAndes, nembalela ePampas. Ukusetyenziswa kwezikhululo zemozulu kubonelela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo yedatha yemozulu kule mimandla, inceda amashishini afana nezolimo, amandla, kunye nokuthutha ukujamelana nemingeni yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
2.2 Iimeko zezicelo ezikhethekileyo
Ityala 1: Ukusetyenziswa kwezitishi zemozulu kulimo oluchanekileyo eBrazil
IBrazil ngumthengisi obalulekileyo wemveliso yezolimo kwihlabathi, kwaye ezolimo zithembele kakhulu kwidatha yemozulu. E-Mato Grosso, eBrazil, abalimi beembotyi zesoya kunye nombona baphumelele ulawulo lwezolimo oluchanekileyo ngokubeka izikhululo zemozulu. Izicelo ezikhethekileyo zezi zilandelayo:
Indlela yokusasaza: Faka izikhululo zemozulu ezizenzekelayo kwifama, kunye nesikhululo esinye esisasazwe rhoqo kwi-10 yeekhilomitha zesikwere.
Iiparamitha zokubeka iliso: ubushushu, imvula, ukufuma, isantya somoya, imitha yelanga, njl.
Isiphumo sosetyenziso:
Abalimi banokuhlengahlengisa amaxesha okuhlwayela kunye nokunkcenkceshela ngokusekwe kulwazi lwexesha lokwenyani lwemozulu ukunciphisa inkcitho yamanzi.
Ngokuqikelela imvula kunye nembalela, khulisa izichumiso kunye nezicwangciso zokulawula izitshabalalisi ukwandisa izivuno zezityalo.
Ngo-2020, imveliso yeembotyi zesoya e-Mato Grosso inyuke malunga ne-12% ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwedatha echanekileyo yemozulu.
Ityala lesi-2: Inethiwekhi yesitishi semozulu kwiAndes yasePeru
I-Andes yasePeru iyindawo ebalulekileyo yokutyala iitapile kunye nombona, kodwa lo mmandla unemozulu eguqukayo, eneqabaka rhoqo kunye nembalela. Urhulumente wasePeru usebenzisana namaziko ophando lwenzululwazi ukuseka uthungelwano lwezikhululo zemozulu kwiAndes ukuxhasa uphuhliso lwezolimo lwasekhaya. Izicelo ezikhethekileyo zezi zilandelayo:
Indlela yokusasaza: Faka izikhululo zemozulu ezincinci kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ukuze zigubungele iindawo ezinkulu zezolimo.
Iiparamitha zokubeka iliso: ubushushu, imvula, isantya somoya, isilumkiso seqabaka, njl.
Isiphumo sosetyenziso:
Abalimi banokufumana izilumkiso zeqabaka ezikhutshwa zizikhululo zemozulu ngeefowuni zabo eziphathwayo, bathathe amanyathelo okhuseleko kwangethuba, kwaye banciphise ilahleko yezityalo.
Idatha yemozulu inceda ekuphuculeni izicwangciso zokunkcenkceshela kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yembalela kwezolimo.
Ngo-2021, imveliso yeetapile kummandla inyuke nge-15% ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezikhululo zemozulu.
Ityala lesi-3: Ukusetyenziswa kwezitishi zemozulu ePampas yaseArgentina
I-Pampas yaseArgentina yindawo ebalulekileyo yemfuyo kunye nokulima okuziinkozo eMzantsi Melika, kodwa ummandla uhlala uchaphazeleka yimbalela kunye nezikhukhula. Inkonzo yeMeteorological yeSizwe yase-Argentina isasaze uthungelwano oluxineneyo lwezikhululo zemozulu ePampas ukuxhasa imveliso yezolimo nemfuyo. Izicelo ezikhethekileyo zezi zilandelayo:
Indlela yokusasaza: Fakela izikhululo zemozulu ezizenzekelayo kwiindawo ezinengca nakwiifama, kunye nesikhululo esinye esisasazwe rhoqo kwi-20 square kilometers.
Iiparamitha zokubeka iliso: imvula, iqondo lobushushu, ukufuma, isantya somoya, ukuphuphuma komphunga, njl.
Isiphumo sosetyenziso:
Abafuyi banokuhlengahlengisa izicwangciso zedlelo ngokusekelwe kwidatha yemeteorological ukuphepha umonakalo wemfuyo kwimozulu embi.
Amafama asebenzisa iinkcukacha zemvula ukongeza ixesha lokunkcenkceshela kunye namaxesha okuhlwayela ukwandisa ingqolowa kunye nezivuno zombona.
Ngo-2022, izivuno eziziinkozo kwiPampas zanda nge-8% ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezitishi zemozulu.
Ityala lesi-4: Ukusetyenziswa kwezitishi zemozulu kwimimandla yewayini yaseChile
I-Chile ngumlimi obalulekileyo wewayini eMzantsi Melika, kwaye ukulinywa komdiliya kunochuku kakhulu kwiimeko zemozulu. Kumbindi wentlambo yaseChile, iindawo zokuvelisa iwayini zifumene ulawulo olusulungekileyo lokulinywa komdiliya ngokubeka izikhululo zemozulu. Izicelo ezikhethekileyo zezi zilandelayo:
Indlela yokusasaza: Faka izikhululo zemozulu encinci kwintsimi yeediliya, kunye nesikhululo esinye esisasazwe rhoqo kwiihektare ezi-5.
Iiparamitha zokubeka iliso: ubushushu, ukufuma, imvula, imitha yelanga, isilumkiso seqabaka, njl.
Isiphumo sosetyenziso:
Iimveliso zewayini zinokuhlengahlengisa izicwangciso zokunkcenkceshela kunye nokuchumisa ngokusekwe kwidatha yemeteorological ukuphucula umgangatho wediliya.
Inkqubo yokulumkisa iqabaka inceda amaziko ewayini ukuba athathe amanyathelo kwangethuba ukukhusela imidiliya ekonakalisweni yiqabaka.
Ngo-2021, imveliso yewayini kunye nomgangatho kwintlambo esembindini yeChile yaphuculwa kakhulu ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezitishi zemozulu.
3. Isiphelo
Ukusetyenziswa kwezikhululo zemozulu eMzantsi Melika kubonelela ngenkxaso yedatha ebalulekileyo yezolimo, ukufuywa kwezilwanyana, ulawulo lwemithombo yamanzi kunye nezinye iindawo, ezinceda ukujamelana nemingeni eziswa kukutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngokubeka iliso ngexesha langempela kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha, izikhululo zemeteorological aziphuculi kuphela ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, kodwa zibonelela ngezixhobo ezinamandla zokulumkisa intlekele kunye nophando lwezesayensi. Kwixesha elizayo, kunye nokuqhubela phambili kweteknoloji kunye nokukhuthazwa kwesicelo, amathuba okusetyenziswa kwezikhululo zemeteorological eMzantsi Melika aya kuba banzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-18-2025