UMzantsi Melika uneemeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu nezejografi, ukusuka kwihlathi lemvula laseAmazon ukuya kwiintaba zaseAndes ukuya kwiPampas enkulu. Amashishini afana nezolimo, amandla, kunye nothutho axhomekeke ngakumbi kwidatha yemozulu. Njengesixhobo esiphambili sokuqokelelwa kwedatha yemozulu, izitishi zemozulu zisetyenziswa kakhulu eMzantsi Melika. Ngokujonga imilinganiselo yemozulu ngexesha langempela njengobushushu, imvula, isantya somoya, kunye nokufuma, izitishi zemozulu zibonelela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yezolimo, isilumkiso sentlekele, ulawulo lwezixhobo zamanzi, kunye neminye imimandla.
1. Imisebenzi kunye neenzuzo zezikhululo zemozulu
Isikhululo semozulu sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukujonga nokurekhoda idatha yemozulu, ngokuqhelekileyo kuquka le misebenzi ilandelayo:
Ukubeka iliso kwiiparameter ezininzi: Kunokubeka iliso kwiiparameter ezininzi zemozulu ezifana nobushushu, imvula, isantya somoya, icala lomoya, ukufuma, uxinzelelo lomoya, kunye nemitha yelanga ngexesha langempela.
Ukurekhoda nokudlulisa idatha: Isikhululo semozulu sinokurekhoda idatha ngokuzenzekelayo size sidlulisele idatha kwisiseko sedatha esiphakathi okanye kwiqonga lamafu ngenethiwekhi engenazingcingo ukuze kube lula ukuhlalutya nokwabelana ngayo.
Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nexesha langempela: Izikhululo zemozulu zanamhlanje zisebenzisa izinzwa ezichanekileyo ukubonelela ngedatha yemozulu yexesha langempela nechanekileyo.
Ukubeka esweni okukude: Nge-intanethi, abasebenzisi banokufikelela kude kwidatha yesitishi semozulu ukuze babeke esweni ngexesha langempela kwaye balumkise kwangethuba.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezikhululo zemozulu eMzantsi Melika kunezi nzuzo zilandelayo:
Xhasa ezolimo ezichanekileyo: nika abalimi idatha echanekileyo yemozulu ukunceda ukuphucula izicwangciso zokutyala nokunkcenkceshela.
Isilumkiso sentlekele: ukubeka esweni ngexesha langempela iziganeko zemozulu embi kakhulu ezifana nemvula enkulu, imbalela, iinkanyamba, njl.njl., ukubonelela ngesiseko sokuthintela iintlekele kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza.
Ulawulo lwemithombo yamanzi: jonga ukuna kwemvula kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi, uxhase ulawulo lwamachibi kunye nocwangciso lokunkcenkceshela.
Uphando lwezenzululwazi: lubonelela ngedatha yemozulu yexesha elide neqhubekayo yophando lwemozulu kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo.
2. Amatyala okusetyenziswa eMzantsi Melika
2.1 Imvelaphi yesicelo
Imozulu eMzantsi Melika iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye yahlukahlukene, kwaye ezinye iindawo zihlala zichaphazeleka ziziganeko zemozulu ezimbi kakhulu, ezifana nemvula enkulu eAmazon, iqabaka eAndes, kunye nembalela ePampas. Ukusetyenziswa kwezitishi zemozulu kubonelela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo yedatha yemozulu kwezi ngingqi, kunceda amashishini afana nezolimo, amandla, kunye nezothutho ukuba ajongane nemingeni yotshintsho lwemozulu.
2.2 Amatyala athile okusetyenziswa
Ityala 1: Ukusetyenziswa kwezikhululo zemozulu kwezolimo oluchanekileyo eBrazil
IBrazil lilizwe elithumela iimveliso zezolimo ngaphandle elibalulekileyo kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye ezolimo zixhomekeke kakhulu kulwazi lwemozulu. EMato Grosso, eBrazil, abalimi beembotyi kunye nombona bafikelele kulawulo lwezolimo oluchanekileyo ngokusebenzisa izikhululo zemozulu. Izicelo ezithile zezi zilandelayo:
Indlela yokusasaza: Faka izitishi zemozulu ezizenzekelayo kwiindawo zasefama, apho kusetyenziswa isikhululo esinye rhoqo kwiikhilomitha ezili-10 zesikwere.
Iiparameter zokubeka esweni: ubushushu, imvula, ukufuma, isantya somoya, imitha yelanga, njl.
Isiphumo sesicelo:
Abalimi banokulungisa amaxesha okuhlwayela nawokunkcenkceshela ngokusekelwe kwidatha yemozulu yexesha langempela ukunciphisa inkunkuma yamanzi.
Ngokuqikelela imvula nembalela, phucula izicwangciso zokuchumisa kunye nokulawula izinambuzane ukuze kwandiswe isivuno sezityalo.
Ngowama-2020, imveliso yeembotyi zesoya eMato Grosso inyuke nge-12% ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwedatha echanekileyo yemozulu.
Ityala lesi-2: Uthungelwano lwezikhululo zemozulu kwiAndes yasePeru
I-Andes yasePeru yindawo ebalulekileyo yokutyala iitapile nombona, kodwa lo mmandla unemozulu etshintshayo, eneqabaka nembalela rhoqo. Urhulumente wasePeru usebenzisane namaziko ophando lwezenzululwazi ukuseka uthungelwano lwezikhululo zemozulu e-Andes ukuxhasa uphuhliso lwezolimo lwasekuhlaleni. Izicelo ezithile zezi zilandelayo:
Indlela yokusasaza: Faka izikhululo zemozulu ezincinci kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ukuze zigubungele iindawo eziphambili zezolimo.
Iiparamitha zokubeka esweni: ubushushu, imvula, isantya somoya, isilumkiso seqabaka, njl.
Isiphumo sesicelo:
Abalimi banokufumana izilumkiso zeqhwa ezikhutshwa zizitishi zemozulu ngeefowuni zabo eziphathwayo, bathathe amanyathelo okuzikhusela ngexesha, baze banciphise ukulahleka kwesivuno.
Idatha yemozulu inceda ukuphucula izicwangciso zokunkcenkceshela nokunciphisa impembelelo yembalela kwezolimo.
Ngowama-2021, imveliso yeetapile kulo mmandla inyuke nge-15% ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezikhululo zemozulu.
Ityala lesi-3: Ukusetyenziswa kwezikhululo zemozulu ePampas yaseArgentina
I-Pampas yaseArgentina yindawo ebalulekileyo yokulima imfuyo kunye nengqolowa eMzantsi Melika, kodwa lo mmandla udla ngokuchaphazeleka yimbalela kunye nezikhukula. I-Argentina National Meteorological Service ithumele uthungelwano oluxineneyo lwezikhululo zemozulu ePampas ukuxhasa imveliso yezolimo kunye nemfuyo. Izicelo ezithile zezi zilandelayo:
Indlela yokusasaza: Faka izitishi zemozulu ezizenzekelayo kwiindawo ezinengca kunye neefama, kunye nesitishi esinye esisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiikhilomitha ezingama-20 zesikwere.
Iiparameter zokubeka esweni: ukuna kwemvula, ubushushu, ukufuma, isantya somoya, ukufuma, njl.njl.
Isiphumo sesicelo:
Abafuyi banokuthi balungise izicwangciso zokudlisa ngokusekwe kwidatha yemozulu ukuze baphephe umonakalo wemfuyo kwiimeko zemozulu ezimbi kakhulu.
Abalimi basebenzisa idatha yemvula ukuze baphucule amaxesha okunkcenkceshela kunye namaxesha okuhlwayela ukuze bandise isivuno sengqolowa kunye nombona.
Ngowama-2022, isivuno sengqolowa ePampas sinyuke nge-8% ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezikhululo zemozulu.
Ityala lesi-4: Ukusetyenziswa kwezikhululo zemozulu kwimimandla yewayini yaseChile
IChile ngumvelisi wewayini obalulekileyo eMzantsi Melika, kwaye ukulima iidiliya kuchaphazeleka kakhulu yimozulu. Kwingingqi yentlambo ephakathi eChile, iivenkile zokwenza iwayini zifikelele kulawulo olucokisekileyo lokulima iidiliya ngokusebenzisa izitishi zemozulu. Izicelo ezithile zezi zilandelayo:
Indlela yokusasaza: Faka izitishi zemozulu encinci kwisidiliya, apho isikhululo esinye sisasazwa rhoqo kwiihektare ezi-5.
Iiparamitha zokubeka esweni: ubushushu, ukufuma, imvula, imitha yelanga, isilumkiso seqabaka, njl.
Isiphumo sesicelo:
Iivenkile zokwenza iwayini zinokulungisa izicwangciso zokunkcenkceshela kunye nokuchumisa ngokusekelwe kwidatha yemozulu ukuphucula umgangatho weediliya.
Inkqubo yokulumkisa ngeqhwa inceda abavelisi bewayini ukuba bathathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okukhusela izidiliya ekonakalisweni yiqhwa.
Ngowama-2021, isivuno kunye nomgangatho wewayini kwintlambo ephakathi yeChile ziphuculwe kakhulu ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezikhululo zemozulu.
3. Isiphelo
Ukusetyenziswa kwezikhululo zemozulu eMzantsi Melika kubonelela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo yedatha kwezolimo, ukufuya izilwanyana, ulawulo lwezixhobo zamanzi kunye nezinye iinkalo, kunceda ukujongana nemingeni eziswa kukutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha, izikhululo zemozulu aziphuculi nje kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, kodwa zikwabonelela ngezixhobo ezinamandla zokulumkisa ngentlekele kunye nophando lwesayensi. Kwixesha elizayo, ngokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kunye nokukhuthazwa kokusetyenziswa, amathuba okusetyenziswa kwezikhululo zemozulu eMzantsi Melika aya kuba banzi.
Ixesha leposi: Feb-18-2025