Izitishi zeMozulu eziDibeneyo kunye nezifakwe kwiPole: Iimpawu eziphambili kunye neSikhokelo soKhetho

Isikhululo semozulu esixhonywe kwiipali sisixhobo sokujonga imozulu sendabuko nesisemgangathweni, esaziwa ngokuba sisikhululo semozulu sendabuko esizimeleyo okanye isikhululo semozulu esiqhelekileyo. Isici saso esiphambili kukuba izinzwa ezinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo zifakelwa ngokulandelelanayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo eziphakamileyo kwipali enye okanye ezingaphezulu ezithe nkqo ngokuhambelana nemigaqo yokujonga.

Ezi zilandelayo ziimpawu eziphambili zesikhululo semozulu esixhonywe kwiipali, ezikwacaciswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:
I. Ulwakhiwo oluPhambili kunye neempawu zoYilo
1. Isensor icwangciswe ngendlela eyahlukileyo
Lo ngowona mahluko uphambili kwizikhululo zemozulu ezidityanisiweyo. Isensa nganye (i-anemometer, i-wind vane, i-temperature gauge, i-pressure sensor, njl.njl.) yiyunithi ezimeleyo kwaye iqhagamshelwe kumqokeleli wedatha oyintloko ngeentambo.
Isensor ifakwe kwindawo ethile epalini ngokuhambelana nomgaqo wayo wokulinganisa kunye neengcebiso zamaziko afana neWorld Meteorological Organisation (WMO). Umzekelo:
Isantya somoya kunye nesenzi sendlela: Sihlala sifakwe kwindawo ephezulu (njengeemitha ezili-10 ukuphakama) ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphazamiseka yimiqobo yomhlaba.
Inzwa yobushushu kunye nokufuma: Ifakwe kwibhokisi evulekileyo ekwiimitha ezili-1.5 okanye ezi-2 ukusuka emhlabeni ukuze kuthintelwe impembelelo yemitha yelanga ngqo kunye nokukhanya komhlaba.
Igeyiji yemvula: Faka kwi-0.7 yeemitha okanye ukuphakama okuthile, uqinisekise ukuba indawo evulekileyo ilungile kwaye indawo ejikelezileyo ivulekile.
Izinzwa zobushushu bomhlaba kunye nokufuma: Zingcwatywa emhlabeni ngokwahlukeneyo kubunzulu obahlukeneyo.

2. Ulwakhiwo luzinzile kwaye inqanaba lobuchwephesha liphezulu
Iipali zihlala zenziwe ngeentsimbi ezinamandla njengentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye nentsimbi egayiweyo, kwaye zixhotyiswe ngesiseko esiqinileyo (njengesiseko sekhonkrithi), esinokumelana neemeko zemozulu ezinzima ezifana neenkanyamba kunye nekhephu elikhulu, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo ixesha elide.
Uyilo lwezibiyeli lusekelwe kwisayensi, lunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokulinganiswa kwezinzwa kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

3. Uyilo lweModular
Isensor nganye yimodyuli ezimeleyo enokulinganiswa, igcinwe okanye itshintshwe ngokuzimeleyo ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwezinye iisensor. Olu yilo lulungele kakhulu ukulungiswa nokuphuculwa kamva.

Ii. Imisebenzi kunye neempawu zokusebenza
1. Ihambelana nemigangatho yokujonga yamazwe ngamazwe kwaye inegunya eliqinileyo lolwazi
Uyilo kunye nokuphakama kofakelo lwezixhobo zayo zokuvavanya kulandela ngokungqongqo imigangatho yamaziko anegunya njenge-WMO. Ke ngoko, idatha efunyenweyo inokuthelekiswa okuphezulu kunye negunya, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lukhetho lokuqala kwimisebenzi yemozulu kwinqanaba likazwelonke, uphando lwesayensi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso okuchanekileyo.

2. Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kokulinganisa
Ngenxa yokuba izinzwa zihlukile, ukuphazamiseka phakathi kwazo kunokuncitshiswa kakhulu (umzekelo, ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba komoya yi-fuselage kunye nempembelelo yobushushu obuveliswa zizinto ze-elektroniki ekulinganisweni kobushushu).
Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kokulinganisa kunokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa isenzi esinye esisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kunye nobungcali obuphezulu.

3. Uqwalaselo oluguquguqukayo kunye nokukhula okunamandla
Abasebenzisi banokukhetha ngokulula uhlobo kunye nobungakanani beenzwa ngokweemfuno zabo ezithile. Umzekelo, kulula ukongeza iinzwa zemitha, izitya ezikhupha umphunga, iinzwa ze-ultraviolet, njl.
Xa kufuneka izinto ezintsha zokujonga kwixesha elizayo, kuyimfuneko kuphela ukongeza ii-sensors kunye ne-interfaces ezifanelekileyo kwipali, enokukhula okugqwesileyo.

4. Inkqubo yokufumana idatha yobungcali kunye nokubonelela ngombane
Idla ngokuxhotyiswa ngebhokisi yobuchwephesha yokufumana idatha, efakwe kwipali okanye kufutshane nayo, enoxanduva lokunika amandla zonke izinzwa, ukuqokelelwa kwedatha, ukugcinwa kwayo kunye nokudluliselwa kwayo.
Inkqubo yokubonelela ngombane inamandla ngakumbi kwaye ithembekile, idla ngokusebenzisa indlela exutyiweyo yombane oyintloko, amandla elanga kunye nebhetri, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ixesha elide nokuba zimvula.

Iii. Izicelo kunye neeNzuzo kunye neempawu
Isetyenziswa kwiimeko ezizinzileyo ezisemgangathweni ophezulu nezexesha elide
Izikhululo zemozulu ezisisiseko zesizwe/izikhululo zesalathiso: Amandla aphambili okusebenza.
Uphando lwengcali kwicandelo: olufana nophando lwendalo, ukujonga utshintsho lwemozulu, ukujonga amanzi, imozulu yezolimo echanekileyo, njl.
Inkxaso yemozulu kwiiprojekthi zobunjineli ezinkulu: ezifana nezikhululo zeenqwelo-moya, amazibuko, izitishi zamandla enyukliya, kunye neendawo ezinkulu zokugcina amanzi.
Amashishini afuna idatha eqinisekisiweyo, efana nokuqikelela amandla efama yomoya kunye novavanyo lokusingqongileyo, angasebenzisa idatha ukuqinisekiswa kunye nokuhlolwa komntu wesithathu.

2. Idatha ihlala ixesha elide kwaye ithembekile kakhulu
Ulwakhiwo olomeleleyo kunye nokhuseleko lobuchwephesha lombane kunye noyilo oluchasene nokugqwala kuqinisekisa ukuba ulandelelwano lokujonga oluqhubekayo noluthembekileyo lwexesha elide lunokubonelelwa nakwiindawo ezinzima ezingajongwanga.

Iv. Imida enokubakho
1. Ukufakelwa kuyinkimbinkimbi, kuthatha ixesha kwaye kubiza kakhulu
Kufuneka uthotho lweenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ezifana nophando lwendawo, ukwakhiwa kwesiseko, ukumiswa kweepali, ukulinganiswa kwesensor ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokubekwa kweentambo. Ixesha lokufakelwa lidla ngokuthatha iintsuku ezininzi okanye nangaphezulu.
Iindleko zokuqala zotyalo-mali (kuquka izixhobo, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kunye nokufakelwa kwazo) ziphezulu kakhulu kunezo zesikhululo semozulu esidibeneyo.

2. Ukungathwaleki kakuhle
Nje ukuba ifakiwe, ngokusisiseko iyindawo yokujonga esisigxina kwaye kunzima ukuyihambisa. Ayifanelekanga kwimisebenzi yokujonga imeko engxamisekileyo okanye imisebenzi yokujonga okwethutyana efuna utshintsho oluqhelekileyo lwendawo.

3. Ukugcinwa kwayo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu
Nangona uyilo lwemodyuli lulungele ukutshintshwa, abasebenzi bokulungisa kufuneka banyuke iipali okanye basebenzise izixhobo zokuphakamisa ukugcina izinzwa zikwiindawo eziphakamileyo, nto leyo ebeka iingozi ezithile zokhuseleko kunye nobunzima bokusebenza.

4. Ineemfuno eziphezulu kwindawo yokufakela
Ifuna indawo enkulu evulekileyo ehlangabezana neemfuno zemigangatho yokujonga kwaye kunzima ukuyibeka kwizixeko okanye kwiindawo ezinesithuba esincinci.

Isishwankathelo kunye noThelekiso
Ukuze sikuqonde ngokucacileyo, singenza uthelekiso oluphambili phakathi kwesikhululo semozulu esixhonywe kwiipali kunye nesikhululo semozulu esidibeneyo:

Isiphelo

Isikhululo semozulu esixhonywe kwipali “singumdlali oqeqeshiweyo” kwaye “sisisiseko esisisigxina” kwicandelo lokujonga imozulu. Ngokuchaneka kwaso okuphezulu, ukuthembeka okuphezulu kunye nokuthobela imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, senza imisebenzi yokujonga ixesha elide nesisigxina eneemfuno ezingqongqo zomgangatho wedatha. Izitishi zemozulu ezidibeneyo, kwelinye icala, zisebenza “njengamahashe alula”, ziphumelela ngokuguquguquka kwazo kunye nokulula kwazo, zihlangabezana nemfuno enkulu yokusasazwa ngokukhawuleza nangokungabizi kakhulu kwixesha le-Intanethi yezinto. Zombini zigxile kuzo kwaye xa zidibene zenza inethiwekhi yanamhlanje yokujonga imozulu.

Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya ngesikhululo semozulu,

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