IKwimimandla yokujonga amanzi, ukukhupha amanzi ezidolophini, kunye nesilumkiso sezikhukhula, ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo nangokuthembekileyo ukuhamba kwamanzi kwimijelo evulekileyo (njengemilambo, imijelo yokunkcenkceshela, kunye nemibhobho yokukhupha amanzi) kubalulekile. Iindlela zemveli zokulinganisa isantya samanzi zihlala zifuna ukuba ii-sensors zintywiliswe emanzini, nto leyo ezenza zibe semngciphekweni wokonakala yintlenga, ubumdaka, ukugqwala, kunye nempembelelo yezikhukhula. Ukuvela kwemitha yokuhamba kwamanzi yeradar edibeneyo, kunye neenzuzo zayo zokungadibani, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, kunye nemisebenzi emininzi, kujongana ngokugqibeleleyo nale mingeni kwaye kuya kuba sisisombululo esithandwayo sokujonga amanzi namhlanje.
I. Yintoni i-“Integrated” Flow Meter?
Igama elithi “integrated” libhekisa ekudityanisweni kwemisebenzi emithathu yokulinganisa engundoqo ibe sisixhobo esinye:
- Ukulinganisa iVelocity: Isebenzisa umgaqo we-radar Doppler effect ngokukhupha ii-microwaves ziye kumphezulu wamanzi kwaye ifumane ii-echoes, ibala isantya sokuhamba komphezulu ngokusekelwe kutshintsho lwefrikhwensi.
- Ukulinganisa iNqanaba laManzi: Kusebenzisa itekhnoloji yeradar yeFrequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW), elinganisa ngokuchanekileyo umgama ukusuka kwisensor ukuya kumphezulu wamanzi ngokubala umahluko wexesha phakathi kokudluliselwa kwe-microwave kunye nokwamkelwa, ngaloo ndlela kufunyanwa inqanaba lamanzi.
- Ukubalwa Kwezinga Lokuhamba: Ixhotyiswe ngeprosesa esebenza kakhulu, ibala ngokuzenzekelayo amazinga okuhamba akhawulezileyo naqokelelweyo isebenzisa iimodeli ze-hydraulic (umz., indlela yesantya-indawo) ngokusekelwe kumlinganiselo wexesha langempela wenqanaba lamanzi kunye nesantya, kunye nemilo kunye nobukhulu be-cross-sectional channel yangaphambi kokufaka (umz., unxantathu, i-trapezoidal, i-circular).
II. Iimpawu eziphambili kunye neenzuzo
- Ukulinganisa Okungadibaniyo Ngokupheleleyo
- Uphawu: Isensor ixhonywe ngaphezulu komphezulu wamanzi ngaphandle kokudibana ngqo nomzimba wamanzi.
- Inzuzo: Ithintela ngokupheleleyo imiba efana nokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma, ukuxinana kwenkunkuma, ukugqwala, kunye nokukhuhla, inciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokulungisa kunye nokuguguleka kwezixhobo zokubona. Ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwiimeko ezinzima ezifana nezikhukula kunye nelindle.
- Ukuchaneka Okuphezulu Nokuthembeka
- Uphawu: Itekhnoloji yeradar inika amandla aqinileyo okulwa nokuphazamiseka kwaye ayichaphazeleki kakhulu ziimeko zokusingqongileyo ezifana nobushushu, ukufuma, kunye nomgangatho wamanzi. Ukuchaneka kokulinganisa inqanaba lamanzi kwiradar ye-FMCW kunokufikelela kwi-±2mm, ngokulinganisa isantya esizinzileyo.
- Inzuzo: Ibonelela ngedatha eqhubekayo, ezinzileyo, nechanekileyo yamanzi, inika isiseko esithembekileyo sokwenza izigqibo.
- Ukufakwa kunye nokugcinwa okulula
- Uphawu: Ifuna kuphela ibracket (umz., kwibhulorho okanye kwipali) ukuze kulungiswe isenzi esingaphezulu kwetshaneli, esihambelana necandelo lokulinganisa. Akukho mfuneko yezakhiwo zokwakha ezifana nemithombo yokuzola okanye iiflume.
- Inzuzo: Yenza kube lula kakhulu ubunjineli bokufaka, inciphisa ixesha lokwakha, inciphisa iindleko zoluntu kunye neengozi zokufaka. Ukugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla kubandakanya kuphela ukugcina ilensi yeradar icocekile, kunciphisa imizamo yokulungisa.
- Ukusebenza Okudibeneyo, Okukrelekrele Nokusebenza Kakuhle
- Uphawu: Uyilo "oludibeneyo" luthatha indawo yezixhobo ezininzi zemveli ezifana "nesensor yenqanaba lamanzi + isensor yesantya sokuhamba + iyunithi yokubala ukuhamba."
- Inzuzo: Yenza lula ulwakhiwo lwenkqubo kwaye inciphise iindawo ezinokubakho zokusilela. Ii-algorithms ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zenza ngokuzenzekelayo zonke izibalo kwaye zidlulisele idatha kude nge-4G/5G, i-LoRa, i-Ethernet, njl.njl., zivumela ukusebenza ngaphandle komntu kunye nokubeka esweni kude.
- Uluhlu olubanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa okubanzi
- Uphawu: Iyakwazi ukulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ngesantya esiphantsi kunye nokwanda kwamanzi, kunye nomlinganiselo wamanzi ofikelela kwiimitha ezingama-30 nangaphezulu.
- Inzuzo: Ifanelekile ukujongwa ixesha elizeleyo ukususela kwixesha lonyaka elomileyo ukuya kwixesha lezikhukula. Isixhobo asiyi kuntywiliselwa okanye sonakale ngenxa yokunyuka ngequbuliso kwamanzi, okuqinisekisa ukuqokelelwa kwedatha okungaphazanyiswayo.
III. Amatyala aqhelekileyo okusetyenziswa
Ityala 1: Isilumkiso sokuHamba kweMisele kunye nokuHlaba kwamanzi eDolophini
- Imeko: Isixeko esikhulu kufuneka sijonge umgangatho wamanzi kunye nesantya sokuhamba kwamanzi kwimibhobho ephambili yokukhupha amanzi kunye nemilambo ngexesha langempela ukuze siphendule kwiziphango zemvula ezinkulu kwaye siqalise ulawulo lwezikhukula kunye neengxamiseko zokukhupha amanzi ngokukhawuleza.
- Ingxaki: Izinzwa zemveli ezingaphantsi kwamanzi ziyavaleka okanye zonakaliswe lula yinkunkuma xa kunetha kakhulu, kwaye ukufakwa kwazo nokugcinwa kwazo emigodini kunzima kwaye kuyingozi.
- Isisombululo: Faka iimitha zokuhamba zeradar ezidityanisiweyo kwiindawo eziphambili zokukhupha imibhobho kunye neendawo ezinqamlezileyo zomlambo, ezifakwe kwiibhulorho okanye kwiipali ezinikezelweyo.
- Isiphumo: Ezi zixhobo zisebenza ngokuzinzileyo iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki, zilayisha idatha yokuhamba kwamanzi ngexesha langempela kwiqonga lolawulo lwamanzi akrelekrele lesixeko. Xa amazinga okuhamba kwamanzi enyuka, nto leyo ebonisa umngcipheko wokwanda kwamanzi, inkqubo ikhupha izilumkiso ngokuzenzekelayo, inika ixesha lokuphendula elibalulekileyo. Ukulinganisa okungachukumisi kuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuba kwiimeko ezizaliswe yinkunkuma, nto leyo esusa imfuneko yokuba abasebenzi bangene kwiindawo ezinobungozi ukuze balungiswe.
Ityala lesi-2: Ukubeka iliso ekuKhululweni koMsinga weNdalo kwiNjineli yeHydraulic
- Imeko: Imithetho yokusingqongileyo ifuna ukuba izikhululo zamanzi kunye namachibi akhuphe "ukuhamba kwendalo" ethile ukuze kugcinwe impilo yomlambo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho ukubekwa esweni okuqhubekayo kokuthobela imithetho.
- Ingxaki: Iindawo zokukhupha izixhobo zineendawo ezintsonkothileyo ezinomsinga oguquguqukayo, nto leyo eyenza ukufakwa kwezixhobo zemveli kube nzima kwaye kube lula ukonakala.
- Isisombululo: Faka iimitha zokuhamba zeradar ezidityanisiweyo ngaphezulu kweendlela zokukhupha amanzi ukuze ulinganise ngokuthe ngqo isantya kunye nenqanaba lamanzi okuhamba kwamanzi okukhutshiweyo.
- Isiphumo: Esi sixhobo silinganisa ngokuchanekileyo idatha yokuhamba kwamanzi engachaphazeleki kukuphazamiseka nokutshiza, sivelisa iingxelo ngokuzenzekelayo. Oku kubonelela ngobungqina obungenakuphikiswa bokuthobela imithetho kwiigunya zolawulo lwemithombo yamanzi ngelixa kuthintelwa ubunzima bokufaka izixhobo kwiindawo ezinobungozi.
Ityala 3: Ukulinganiswa kwamanzi okunkcenkceshela ngezolimo
- Imeko: Iindawo ezinkulu zokunkcenkceshela zifuna ukulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo kokukhutshwa kwamanzi kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo emijelo ukuze kuhlawulwe umthamo.
- Ingxaki: Iitshaneli ziqulathe amanqanaba aphezulu edaka, anokugquma izinzwa zoqhagamshelwano. Ubonelelo lwamandla ombane kunye nonxibelelwano lunzima.
- Isisombululo: Sebenzisa iimitha zokuhamba zeradar ezidityanisiweyo ezisebenza ngamandla elanga ezifakwe kwiibhulorho zokulinganisa phezu kwemijelo yefama.
- Isiphumo: Ukulinganisa ngaphandle kokuthintana kuyayityeshela imiba yesanti, amandla elanga asombulula iingxaki zombane wasentsimini, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kwedatha engenazingcingo kwenza kube lula ukulinganisa amanzi okunkcenkceshela ngokuzenzekelayo nangokuchanekileyo, okukhuthaza ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo.
Ityala 4: Ukwakhiwa kweSitishi samanzi seMilambo emincinci nephakathi
- Imeko: Ukwakhiwa kwezikhululo zamanzi kwiindawo ezikude kwimilambo emincinci nephakathi njengenxalenye yothungelwano lwamanzi lwesizwe.
- Ingxaki: Iindleko eziphezulu zokwakha kunye nokugcinwa okunzima, ingakumbi ngexesha lezikhukula xa ukulinganiswa kwamanzi kuyingozi kwaye kunzima.
- Isisombululo: Sebenzisa iimitha zokuhamba zeradar ezidityanisiweyo njengezixhobo zokulinganisa ukuhamba komoya, ezincediswa ziimithombo ezilula zokuzola (zokulinganisa) kunye neenkqubo zamandla elanga ukwakha izikhululo zamanzi ezingenabantu.
- Isiphumo: Kunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima bobunjineli bokwakha kunye neendleko zokwakha izikhululo zamanzi, kuvumela ukujonga ukuhamba kwamanzi ngokuzenzekelayo, kususa iingozi zokhuseleko kubasebenzi ngexesha lokulinganisa izikhukula, kwaye kuphucula ukufaneleka kwedatha yamanzi ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nokuphelela kwayo.
IV. Isishwankathelo
Ngeempawu zayo ezibalaseleyo zokusebenza ngaphandle kokuthintana, ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu, ukufakwa okulula, kunye nokugcinwa okuncinci, imitha yokuhamba kweradar ye-hydrological edibeneyo iguqula iindlela zendabuko zokujonga ukuhamba kwamanzi. Ijongana ngokugqibeleleyo nemingeni yokulinganisa kwiimeko ezinzima kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimijelo yamanzi asezidolophini, ubunjineli be-hydraulic, ukujonga okusingqongileyo, ukunkcenkceshela kwezolimo, kunye nezinye iinkalo ezininzi. Inika inkxaso yedatha eqinileyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kobuchwephesha bolawulo lwamanzi olukrelekrele, ulawulo lwemithombo yamanzi, kunye nokuthintela izikhukula kunye nembalela, okwenza ukuba ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zanamhlanje zokujonga amanzi.
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Ixesha leposi: Sep-02-2025