Njengelinye lamazwe anezona zixhobo zininzi zamandla elanga kwihlabathi, iSaudi Arabia iphuhlisa ngamandla imveliso yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic ukuqhuba inguqu yesakhiwo samandla. Nangona kunjalo, izivunguvungu zesanti rhoqo kwimimandla yasentlango zibangela ukuqokelelwa kothuli olunzima kwiphaneli yePV, ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla-into ephambili ethintela inzuzo yezoqoqosho yezityalo zamandla elanga. Eli nqaku lihlalutya ngokucwangcisiweyo imeko yangoku yesicelo sePV panel yokucoca oomatshini eSaudi Arabia, igxininise kwindlela izisombululo zokucoca ezikrelekrele eziphuhliswe ziinkampani zobuchwepheshe zaseTshayina zijongana nemingeni yeemeko zentlango. Ngezifundo zeemeko ezininzi, ibonisa izibonelelo zabo zobugcisa kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho. Ukusuka kunxweme loLwandle oluBomvu ukuya kwisixeko se-NEOM, kwaye ukusuka kuluhlu lwePV olusisigxina ukuya kwiinkqubo zokulandela umkhondo, ezi zixhobo zokucoca zihlakaniphile zilungisa iimodeli zokugcinwa kwe-Saudi PV kunye nokusebenza kwazo okuphezulu, iimpawu zokulondoloza amanzi, kunye nokukwazi ukuzenzekelayo, ngelixa zibonelela ngeeparadigms zetekhnoloji eziphindaphindayo zophuhliso lwamandla avuselelekayo kuwo wonke uMbindi Mpuma.
Imiceli mngeni yothuli kunye neeMfuno zokuCoca kwishishini lePV laseSaudi Arabia
ISaudi Arabia inomthombo okhethekileyo wamandla elanga, kunye neeyure zonyaka zokukhanya kwelanga ezingaphezulu kwe-3,000 kunye nethiyori ye-PV yesizukulwana esinokuthi sifikelele kwi-2,200 TWh/ngonyaka, nto leyo eyenza ibe yenye yezona ngingqi zithembisayo kwihlabathi jikelele kuphuhliso lwePV. Iqhutywa sisicwangciso sesizwe se "Vision 2030", iSaudi Arabia ikhawulezisa ukusasazwa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo, ijolise kwi-58.7 GW yomthamo ovuselelekayo ngo-2030, kunye ne-solar PV accounting yesabelo esikhulu.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba kwezinye iindawo ze-Arabian Peninsula, iipaneli ze-PV zinokulahlekelwa yi-0.4-0.8% yokuveliswa kwamandla kwimihla ngemihla ngenxa yongcoliseko lothuli, kunye nelahleko enokuthi ibe ngaphezu kwe-60% ngexesha lesanti enzima. Oku kwehla okusebenzayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo imbuyekezo yezoqoqosho yezityalo ze-PV, ukwenza ukucoca imodyuli ibe yinxalenye yolondolozo lwe-PV yasentlango. Uthuli luchaphazela iipaneli ze-PV ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezintathu eziphambili: okokuqala, iinqununu zothuli zivimba ukukhanya kwelanga, ukunciphisa i-photon absorption ngamaseli elanga; okwesibini, iileyile zothuli zenza imiqobo ye-thermal, ukwandisa amaqondo obushushu emodyuli kunye nokunciphisa ngakumbi ukuguqulwa kokusebenza kakuhle; kwaye okwesithathu, amacandelo e-corrosion kuthuli oluthile lunokubangela umonakalo wexesha elide kwiindawo zeglasi kunye nezakhelo zetsimbi.
Imozulu engaqhelekanga yaseSaudi Arabia iyayenza ibe nkulu le ngxaki. Ummandla oselunxwemeni loLwandle oluBomvu kwintshona yeSaudi Arabia awufumani nje uthuli olunzima kodwa nomoya onetyuwa eninzi, okhokelela kumxube oncangathi wothuli lwetyuwa kumphezulu wemodyuli. Ummandla osempuma ujongana nezaqhwithi zesanti rhoqo ezinokufaka umaleko wothuli olungqindilili kwiiphaneli zePV ngexesha elifutshane. Ukongeza, iSaudi Arabia inengxaki yokunqongophala kwamanzi ngokugqithisileyo, kunye ne-70% yamanzi aselwayo axhomekeke ekukhutshweni kwetyuwa, okwenza iindlela zokuvasa ngezandla zibe yindleko kwaye azikwazi ukuzinza. Ezi zinto ngokudibeneyo zidala imfuno engxamisekileyo yezisombululo zokucoca i-PV ezenzekelayo, eyonga amanzi.
Itheyibhile: Ukuthelekiswa kwePaneli yePV yeempawu zoNgcoliseko kwiiNgingqi ezahlukeneyo zaseSaudi
| Ummandla | Izingcolisi eziphambili | Iimpawu zongcoliseko | Ukucoca Imingeni |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unxweme loLwandle oluBomvu | Isanti ecocekileyo + ityuwa | Incamathela kakhulu, iyadleka | Ifuna izinto ezinganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion, ukucocwa rhoqo |
| Intlango ekumbindi | Amasuntswana esanti arhabaxa | Ukuqokelela ngokukhawuleza, ukugubungela okukhulu | Ifuna ukucocwa kwamandla aphezulu, uyilo olunganxibiyo |
| Indawo yoShishino lwaseMpuma | Uthuli lweshishini + isanti | Ukuqulunqwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, kunzima ukususa | Ifuna ukucocwa kwemisebenzi emininzi, ukumelana neekhemikhali |
Ukujongana nale ndawo yentlungu yoshishino, imakethi yePV yaseSaudi Arabia iyatshintsha ukusuka kukucoca ngesandla ukuya kucoceko oluzenzekelayo oluzenzekelayo. Iindlela zezandla zemveli zibonisa imida ecacileyo eSaudi Arabia: kwelinye icala, iindawo ezikude zasentlango zenza iindleko zabasebenzi ziphakame ngokusemthethweni; kwelinye, ukunqongophala kwamanzi kuthintela ukusetyenziswa okukhulu koxinzelelo oluphezulu lokuhlamba. Uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba kwizityalo ezikude, iindleko zokucoca ngesandla zingafikelela kwi-12,000 yeedola ze-MW ngonyaka, kunye nosetyenziso lwamanzi oluphezulu oluphikisana nezicwangciso zokulondoloza amanzi aseSaudi. Ngokwahlukileyo, iirobhothi zokucoca ngokuzenzekelayo zibonisa iingenelo ezibalulekileyo, ukonga ngaphezulu kwe-90% yeendleko zabasebenzi ngelixa kulungiswa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngolawulo oluchanekileyo lokucoca rhoqo kunye nokuqina.
Urhulumente waseSaudi kunye necandelo labucala baqaphela ukubaluleka kobuchwepheshe bokucoca ngobuchule, ngokucacileyo ukukhuthaza izisombululo ezizenzekelayo kwiNkqubo yeSizwe yaMandla aVuselelwayo (NREP). Olu lwalathiso lomgaqo-nkqubo lukhawulezise ukwamkelwa kweerobhothi zokucoca kwiimarike ze-PV zaseSaudi. Iinkampani zetekhnoloji zaseTshayina, ezinemveliso yazo evuthiweyo kunye namava abanzi esicelo sentlango, ziye zaba ngababoneleli abaphambili kwimarike yokucoca iPV yaseSaudi Arabia. Ngokomzekelo, i-Renoglean Technology, iqabane le-ecosystem ye-Sungrow, ikhusele ngaphezu kwe-13 GW yokucoca ii-odolo zerobhothi kuMbindi Mpuma, ovela njengenkokeli yemarike e-Saudi Arabia kwizisombululo zokucoca ezikrelekrele.
Ukusuka kumbono wophuhliso lwezobuchwepheshe, i-PV yokucoca imarike yase-Saudi Arabia ibonisa iindlela ezintathu ezicacileyo: okokuqala, ukuvela kwi-single-function yokucoca ukuya kwimisebenzi edibeneyo, kunye neerobhothi ezibandakanya ukuhlolwa kunye nokukwazi ukubona indawo eshushu; okwesibini, ukutshintshwa kwezisombululo ezivela kumazwe angaphandle ukuya kuhlengahlengiso lwasekhaya, kunye neemveliso ezilungiselelwe imozulu yaseSaudi; kwaye okwesithathu, ukuqhubela phambili ukusuka ekusebenzeni okuzimeleyo ukuya kwintsebenziswano yenkqubo, ukudibanisa ngokunzulu kunye neenkqubo zokulandelela kunye neeplatifti ze-O & M ezihlakaniphile. Ezi ndlela zihlangeneyo ziqhuba ukugcinwa kwePV yaseSaudi ukuya kuphuhliso olukrelekrele nolusebenzayo, lubonelela ngengqinisekiso yobugcisa ukuze kuphunyezwe usukelo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo phantsi “koMbono ka-2030.”
Iimpawu zobuGcisa kunye noBume beNkqubo yeeRobhothi zokucoca iPV
Iirobhothi zokucoca ezikrelekrele zePV, njengezisombululo zetekhnoloji kwindawo yasentlango yaseSaudi, zidibanisa izinto ezintsha kubunjineli bomatshini, isayensi yezinto, kunye netekhnoloji ye-IoT. Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokucoca zemveli, iinkqubo zerobhothi zanamhlanje zibonisa izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo zobugcisa, kunye noyilo oluphambili olujikeleza iinjongo ezine: ukususwa kothuli olusebenzayo, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ulawulo oluhlakaniphile kunye nokuthembeka. Phantsi kwemozulu yasentlango egqithileyo yaseSaudi Arabia, ezi mpawu zibonakala zibaluleke kakhulu, zinefuthe elithe ngqo kwiindleko zolondolozo lwexesha elide kunye nengeniso yokuvelisa amandla.
Ukusuka kumbono womatshini, iirobhothi zokucoca kwimarike yaseSaudi ziwela ikakhulu kwiindidi ezimbini: uloliwe oxhonyweyo kunye nokuziqhubela. Iirobhothi ezixhonywe kumzila kaloliwe ngokuqhelekileyo zigxininiswe kwiinkxaso ze-PV ze-array, ukuphumeza ukugubungela umhlaba ogcweleyo ngokusebenzisa iileyili okanye i-cable systems-ezilungele izityalo ezinkulu eziphantsi komhlaba. Iirobhothi eziziqhubelayo zibonelela ngokushukuma okukhulu, ezifanelekileyo kwi-PV yophahla olusasazwayo okanye indawo enzima. Kwiimodyuli ze-bifacial kunye neenkqubo zokulandelela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu e-Saudi Arabia, abavelisi abahamba phambili abanjengoRenoglean baye baphuhlisa iirobhothi ezikhethekileyo ezibonisa "iteknoloji yebhuloho" ekhethekileyo eyenza ulungelelwaniso oluguquguqukayo phakathi kweenkqubo zokucoca kunye neendlela zokulandelela, ukuqinisekisa ukucoca okusebenzayo nangona ii-arrays zilungisa ii-angles.
Izinto ezingundoqo zeendlela zokucoca ziquka iibhrashi ezijikelezayo, izixhobo zokususa uthuli, iinkqubo zokuqhuba, kunye neeyunithi zokulawula. Iimfuno zemarike yaseSaudi ziye zaqhuba inguqulelo eqhubekayo kwezi ndawo: i-ultra-fine kunye ne-carbon-fiber composite brashi bristles ngempumelelo ukususa uthuli oluncangathi lwetyuwa ngaphandle kokukrwela imiphezulu yemodyuli; iibheringi zokuzithambisa kunye neenjini ezitywiniweyo ziqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide kwiindawo ezinesanti; izivutheli zomoya ezidityanisiweyo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu zijongana nobumdaka obunenkani ngelixa zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Imodeli ye-PR200 ye-Renoglean ide ibe nenkqubo yebrashi “yokuzicoca” esusa ngokuzenzekelayo uthuli oluqokelelweyo ngexesha lokusebenza, igcine ukusebenza kokucoca okungaguqukiyo.
- Ukususwa kothuli ngokufanelekileyo: Ukucoca ngokufanelekileyo> 99.5%, isantya sokusebenza 15-20 yeemitha / ngomzuzu
- Ulawulo oluNgcali: Ixhasa i-IoT yokubeka iliso ekude, ukucoca okucwangcisiweyo rhoqo kunye neendlela
- Ukuziqhelanisa nokusiNgqongileyo: Umgangatho wokushisa osebenzayo -30 °C ukuya ku-70 °C, umlinganiselo wokukhusela we-IP68
- Uyilo lokuGcinwa kwaManzi: Ukucoca okomileyo, ukukhetha inkungu encinci yamanzi, usebenzisa i-<10% yamanzi okucoca ngesandla.
- Ukuhambelana okuphezulu: Ukulungelelanisa kwiimodyuli ze-mono / ze-bifacial, ii-tracker ze-axis enye, kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokunyuka
Iinkqubo zokuqhuba kunye namandla zibonelela ngokusebenza okuthembekileyo. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuninzi kweSaudi Arabia kunika iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokucoca iirobhothi zombane welanga. Uninzi lweemodeli zisebenzisa iinkqubo zamandla ezimbini ezidibanisa iiphaneli ze-PV ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye neebhetri ze-lithium, eziqinisekisa ukusebenza ngeentsuku ezinamafu. Ngokucacileyo, ukujongana nobushushu obugqithisileyo basehlotyeni, abavelisi abahamba phambili baye baphuhlisa iinkqubo zokulawula ubushushu obukhethekileyo bebhetri besebenzisa izixhobo zokutshintsha isigaba kunye nokupholisa okusebenzayo ukugcina ubushushu bokusebenza obukhuselekileyo, ukwandisa kakhulu ubomi bebhetri. Kwiimoto zokuqhuba, ii-motor ze-DC ezi-brushless (BLDC) zikhethwa ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuphezulu kunye nokugcinwa okuphantsi, ukusebenza kunye nezinciphisi ezichanekileyo ukuhambisa ukutsalwa okwaneleyo kumhlaba wesanti.
Iinkqubo zolawulo ezikrelekrele zisebenza “njengengqondo” yerobhothi kwaye zimele olona lwahlulo lwetekhnoloji lwahlukileyo. Iirobhothi zanamhlanje zokucoca zihlala zibonakalisa izinzwa ezininzi zokusingqongileyo ezijonga ukuqokelelwa kothuli, iimeko zemozulu, kunye nobushushu bemodyuli ngexesha lokwenyani. Ii-algorithms ze-AI zilungelelanisa ngokuguquguqukayo izicwangciso zokucoca ngokusekelwe kule datha, ukusuka kwishedyuli ukuya ekucoceni okufunekayo. Umzekelo, ukuqinisa ukucoca phambi kwezaqhwithi zesanti ngelixa ukhulisa amathuba emva kwemvula. "INkqubo yoLawulo loNxibelelwano lwamafu" kaRenoglean ikwaxhasa ulungelelwaniso lweerobhothi ezikwinqanaba leplanti, ukunqanda ukuphazamiseka kokuveliswa kwamandla ngokungeyomfuneko kwimisebenzi yokucoca. Ezi mpawu zikrelekrele zenza ukuba iirobhothi zokucoca zigcine ukusebenza kakuhle nangona imozulu yaseSaudi Arabia iguquguquka.
Ulwakhiwo lwenethiwekhi yonxibelelwano kunye nolawulo lwedatha luye lwalungiselelwa iimeko zaseSaudi. Ngenxa yeendawo ezininzi ezikude zentlango izityalo zePV ezineziseko ezingundoqo, ukucoca iinkqubo zerobhothi zisebenzisa uthungelwano oluxubeneyo: ubude obufutshane ngeLoRa okanye iZigbee mesh, umgama omde nge4G/satellite. Ukhuseleko lwedatha, iinkqubo zixhasa ugcino olufihliweyo lwasekhaya kunye ne-backup yelifu, ngokuthobela imithetho yedatha yaseSaudi Arabia eya ingqongqo. Abaqhubi banokubeka iliso kuzo zonke iirobhothi ngexesha langempela ngokusebenzisa ii-apps eziphathwayo okanye iiplatifomu zewebhu, ukufumana izilumkiso zempazamo, kunye nokulungelelanisa ukude iiparamitha-ukuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kolawulo.
Ukuyila ukuqina, iirobhothi zokucoca ziphuculwe ngokukodwa ukusuka ekukhethweni kwezinto ukuya kunyango lomphezulu wobushushu obuphezulu beSaudi Arabia, ukufuma okuphezulu, kunye neendawo ezinetyuwa eninzi. Izakhelo ze-aluminiyam ze-alloy zingena kwi-anodization, izihlanganisi ezibalulekileyo zisebenzisa intsimbi engenasici ukuxhathisa ukubola kwetyuwa elunxwemeni loLwandle oluBomvu; onke amacandelo e-elektroniki ahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko lwamashishini kunye nokutywinwa okugqwesileyo ekungeneni kwesanti; Iingoma zerabha ezenziwe ngokukodwa okanye amatayara agcina ukunwebeka kubushushu obugqithisileyo, ukuthintela ukuguga kwezinto ezibonakalayo ukusuka kumaqondo obushushu asentlango. Olu yilo luvumela ukuba iirobhothi zokucoca zifezekise ixesha eliphakathi kokungaphumeleli (MTBF) ngaphezu kweeyure ze-10,000 kwiimeko ezinzima zaseSaudi, ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokugcina ubomi.
Ukusetyenziswa okuyimpumelelo kweerobhothi zokucoca i-PV eSaudi Arabia zikwaxhomekeke kwiinkqubo zenkonzo yendawo. Abavelisi abahamba phambili abanjengoRenoglean baye baseka iindawo zokugcina iimpahla kunye namaziko oqeqesho lobuchwephesha eSaudi Arabia, behlakulela amaqela asekuhlaleni olondolozo ukuze aphendule ngokukhawuleza. Ukwamkela iinkqubo zenkcubeko zaseSaudi, ujongano kunye namaxwebhu afumaneka ngesiArabhu, kunye neeshedyuli zokulondolozwa ezilungiselelwe iiholide zamaSilamsi. Esi sicwangciso sinzulu sokwenza indawo asenzeli nje ukwaneliseka kwabathengi kodwa sikwabeka isiseko esiluqilima sokwandiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwephesha bokucoca obukrelekrele baseTshayina kwiimarike zaseMbindi Mpuma.
Ngenkqubela phambili kwi-AI kunye ne-IoT, iirobhothi zokucoca i-PV zivela kwizixhobo ezilula zokucoca ukuya kwii-O&M node ezihlakaniphile. Iimveliso zesizukulwana esitsha ngoku zidibanisa izixhobo zokuxilonga ezifana neekhamera zokucinga ze-thermal kunye ne-IV curve scanners, ukwenza iisheke zezempilo zecandelo ngexesha lokucoca; ii-algorithms zokufunda komatshini zihlalutya idatha yokucoca ixesha elide ukuqikelela iipateni zokuqokelela uthuli kunye nokuthotywa kokusebenza kwemodyuli. Le misebenzi eyandisiweyo iphakamisa indima yokucoca iirobhothi kwizityalo ze-PV zaseSaudi, ngokuthe ngcembe ziguqula ukusuka kumaziko eendleko zibe ngabadali bexabiso abanikezela imbuyekezo eyongezelelweyo kubatyali-mali bezityalo.
Ubukrelekrele beSicelo sokuCoca kwiSityalo sePV soLwandle oluBomvu
IPV yeProjekthi yoLwandle oluBomvu ye-400 MW, njengesityalo esikhulu sokuqala selanga eSaudi Arabia, yajongana netyuwa ephezulu, imiceli mngeni yokufuma okuphezulu kulo mmandla, yaba yimeko ephawulekayo yetekhnoloji yokucoca yobukrelekrele baseTshayina eSaudi Arabia. Iphuhliswe yi-ACWA Power, iprojekthi licandelo eliphambili leSaudi "Vision 2030" izicwangciso zamandla avuselelekayo. Indawo yayo ibonakalisa iimeko zemozulu ezikhethekileyo: umyinge wamaqondo obushushu onyaka adlula i-30 ° C, ukufuma okuhambelana ngokuqhubekayo kudlula i-60%, kunye nomoya otyebileyo wetyuwa ngokulula wenza inkani ityuwa-crusts crusts kwi-PV yexabiso kunye neendlela zokucoca kwiipaneli zePV.
Ukujongana nale mingeni, iprojekthi ekugqibeleni yamkele isisombululo sokucoca ngokwezifiso ze-Renoglean ezisekelwe kwi-PR-series ye-PV yokucoca iirobhothi, ezibandakanya iindlela ezininzi zobuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezinetyuwa ephezulu: iifreyimu ze-titanium alloy-resistant-resistant titanium alloy kunye neebheringi ezitywiniweyo zithintela umonakalo wetyuwa kumacandelo abalulekileyo; iifibers zebrashi eziphathwa ngokukodwa zigwema i-particle adsorption kunye nokungcoliseka okwesibini ngexesha lokucoca; iisistim zokulawula zongeze izinzwa zokufuma ukuze zilungelelanise ngokuzenzekelayo ukuqina kokucoca phantsi kokufuma okuphezulu kwiziphumo ezizezona zilungileyo. Ngokucacileyo, iirobhothi zokucoca le projekthi zafumana isiqinisekiso sePV sehlabathi sokuchasa ukubola, esimele esona sisombululo siphambili sokucoca kuMbindi Mpuma ngelo xesha.
Ukusasazwa kwenkqubo yokucoca yeprojekthi yoLwandle oluBomvu kubonise ukuziqhelanisa nobunjineli obubalaseleyo. Iziseko ezithambileyo zonxweme zibangele ukuhlaliswa okungalinganiyo kwezinye iindawo zokunyuselwa, okukhokelela ekutenxekeni komcaba kaloliwe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-±15 cm. Iqela lobuchwephesha likaRenoglean liphuhlise iinkqubo zokunqumamisa eziguquguqukayo ezivumela iirobhothi zokucoca ukuba zisebenze ngokutyibilikayo kulo mahluko wobude, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ucoceko luhlala lungachatshazelwa ngumhlaba. Inkqubo kwakhona yamkele uyilo lwemodyuli, kunye neeyunithi zerobhothi enye egubungela malunga neemitha ezili-100 zoluhlu lwamacandelo-iiyunithi zinokusebenza ngokuzimeleyo okanye zilungelelanise ngolawulo olusembindini wolawulo olusebenzayo lwesityalo esipheleleyo. Olu lwakhiwo lubhetyebhetye luququzelele kakhulu ukwandiswa kwexesha elizayo, livumela amandla enkqubo yokucoca ukuba akhule ecaleni komthamo wezityalo.
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