Njengenye yamazwe anezixhobo ezininzi zamandla elanga kwihlabathi liphela, iSaudi Arabia iphuhlisa ngamandla ishishini layo lokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic ukuze iqhubele phambili utshintsho kwisakhiwo samandla. Nangona kunjalo, izivuthuvuthu zesanti ezihlala zikho kwiindawo zasentlango zibangela ukuqokelelwa kothuli olukhulu kwiindawo zephaneli zePV, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla—into ephambili ethintela iingenelo zoqoqosho zezityalo zamandla elanga. Eli nqaku lihlalutya ngokucwangcisiweyo imeko yangoku yesicelo soomatshini bokucoca iiphaneli zePV eSaudi Arabia, ligxile kwindlela izisombululo zokucoca ezikrelekrele eziphuhliswe ziinkampani zobuchwepheshe baseTshayina ezijongana ngayo nemingeni yeendawo zasentlango ezigqithisileyo. Ngezifundo ezininzi zamatyala, ibonisa iingenelo zazo zobugcisa kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho. Ukusuka kunxweme loLwandle oluBomvu ukuya kwisixeko saseNEOM, kunye nakwii-arrays zePV ezizinzileyo zemveli ukuya kwiinkqubo zokulandelela, ezi zixhobo zokucoca ezikrelekrele ziphinda zibumbe iimodeli zolondolozo lwe-PV zaseSaudi ngokusebenza kwazo okuphezulu, iimpawu zokonga amanzi, kunye nobuchule bokuzenzekela, ngelixa zibonelela ngeendlela zobuchwepheshe eziphindaphindwayo zophuhliso lwamandla avuselelekayo kulo lonke elaseMbindi Mpuma.
Imingeni yoThuli kunye neemfuno zokucoca kwiShishini le-PV laseSaudi Arabia
ISaudi Arabia inezixhobo zamandla elanga ezibalaseleyo, kunye neeyure zonyaka zokukhanya kwelanga ezidlula i-3,000 kunye nokukwazi ukuvelisa i-PV okuqikelelwayo okufikelela kwi-2,200 TWh/ngonyaka, okwenza ibe yenye yezona ndawo zithembisayo kwihlabathi liphela kuphuhliso lwe-PV. Iqhutywa licebo lesizwe elithi "Vision 2030", iSaudi Arabia ikhawulezisa ukusasazwa kwayo kwamandla avuselelekayo, ijolise kwi-58.7 GW yamandla avuselelekayo ngo-2030, kunye ne-PV yelanga ebangela uninzi lwesabelo. Nangona kunjalo, nangona umhlaba omkhulu wasentlango waseSaudi Arabia unika indawo eyaneleyo yezityalo zelanga, ikwabonelela ngemingeni ekhethekileyo yokusebenza - ukuqokelelwa kothuli okukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokusebenza kakuhle.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba kwezinye iindawo zeArabian Peninsula, iiphaneli zePV zinokulahlekelwa yi-0.4–0.8% yokuveliswa kwamandla imihla ngemihla ngenxa yongcoliseko lothuli, kunye nelahleko ezinokuthi zidlule i-60% ngexesha leemvula ezinkulu zesanti. Oku kuncipha kokusebenza kakuhle kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo imbuyekezo yezoqoqosho yezityalo zePV, okwenza ukucocwa kweemodyuli kube yinxalenye ephambili yokugcinwa kwePV yasentlango. Uthuli luchaphazela iiphaneli zePV ngeendlela ezintathu eziphambili: okokuqala, amasuntswana othuli avimba ukukhanya kwelanga, anciphisa ukufunxwa kwephoton ziiseli zelanga; okwesibini, iileya zothuli zenza imiqobo yobushushu, ukwandisa amaqondo obushushu emodyuli kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa; kwaye okwesithathu, izinto ezirhabaxa kuthuli oluthile zinokubangela umonakalo wexesha elide kwiindawo zeglasi kunye neefreyimu zesinyithi.
Iimeko zemozulu ezikhethekileyo zaseSaudi Arabia ziyayikhulisa le ngxaki. Ummandla wonxweme loLwandle oluBomvu kwintshona yeSaudi Arabia awufumani nje kuphela uthuli olunzima kodwa nomoya onetyuwa eninzi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimixube enamathelayo yothuli lwetyuwa kwiindawo zemodyuli. Ummandla osempuma ujongene nezivuthuvuthu zesanti ezihlala zikho ezinokubeka iileya zothuli oluqinileyo kwiiphaneli zePV kwixesha elifutshane. Ukongeza, iSaudi Arabia ijongene nokunqongophala kwamanzi kakhulu, apho i-70% yamanzi okusela axhomekeke ekususeni ityuwa, nto leyo eyenza iindlela zokuhlamba ngesandla zemveli zibize kakhulu kwaye zingazinzi. Ezi zinto zidibene zidala imfuno engxamisekileyo yezisombululo zokucoca zePV ezizenzekelayo nezisebenza kakuhle emanzini.
Itheyibhile: Ukuthelekiswa kweempawu zongcoliseko lwephaneli ye-PV kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zaseSaudi
| Ummandla | Izinto Eziphambili Ezingcolisayo | Iimpawu zoNgcoliseko | Imingeni yokucoca |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unxweme loLwandle oluBomvu | Isanti entle + ityuwa | Inamathela kakhulu, iyagqwala | Ifuna izinto ezimelana nokugqwala, ukucocwa rhoqo |
| Intlango Ephakathi | Amasuntswana esanti arhabaxa | Ukuqokelelana ngokukhawuleza, ukugubungela okukhulu | Ifuna uyilo olunamandla kakhulu lokucocwa, olumelana nokuguguleka |
| Indawo yoShishino eMpuma | Uthuli lwemizi-mveliso + isanti | Ulwakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo, kunzima ukulususa | Ifuna ukucoca okunemisebenzi emininzi, ukumelana neekhemikhali |
Ukujongana nale meko ibuhlungu kushishino, imakethi ye-PV yaseSaudi Arabia itshintsha ukusuka ekucoceni ngesandla ukuya ekucoceni ngokuzenzekelayo okukrelekrele. Iindlela zemveli zesandla zibonisa imida ecacileyo eSaudi Arabia: kwelinye icala, iindawo ezikude zasentlango zenza iindleko zomsebenzi ziphakame kakhulu; kwelinye icala, ukunqongophala kwamanzi kuthintela ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kokuhlamba ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba kwizityalo ezikude, iindleko zokucoca ngesandla zinokufikelela kwi-$12,000 nge-MW ngonyaka, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi okuphezulu okuphikisana namaqhinga okugcina amanzi aseSaudi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iirobhothi zokucoca ngokuzenzekelayo zibonisa iingenelo ezibalulekileyo, zigcina ngaphezulu kwe-90% yeendleko zomsebenzi ngelixa ziphucula ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngokulawula ngokuchanekileyo ukuhla rhoqo kunye nokuqina kokucoca.
Urhulumente waseSaudi kunye namacandelo abucala bayayiqonda imbaluleka yetekhnoloji yokucoca ngobuchule, bekhuthaza ngokucacileyo izisombululo ezizenzekelayo kwiNkqubo yeSizwe yaMandla aHlaziyiweyo (NREP). Olu lwalathiso lomgaqo-nkqubo lukhawulezise ukwamkelwa kweerobhothi zokucoca kwiimarike ze-PV zaseSaudi. Iinkampani zobuchwepheshe zaseTshayina, ngeemveliso zazo ezivuthiweyo kunye namava amaninzi okusetyenziswa entlango, ziye zaba ngababoneleli abaphambili kwimarike yokucoca i-PV yaseSaudi Arabia. Umzekelo, iRenoglean Technology, iqabane le-ecosystem leSungrow, lifumene ii-odolo zerobhothi zokucoca ezingaphezu kwe-13 GW kuMbindi Mpuma, livela njengenkokeli yemarike eSaudi Arabia kwizisombululo zokucoca ngobuchule.
Ngokwembono yophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, imakethi yokucoca i-PV yaseSaudi Arabia ibonisa iindlela ezintathu ezicacileyo: okokuqala, ukuvela ekucoceni okusebenzayo omnye ukuya kwimisebenzi edibeneyo, apho iirobhothi ziqhubeka nokubandakanya amandla okuhlola kunye nokuchonga indawo eshushu; okwesibini, utshintsho oluvela kwizisombululo ezingenisiweyo ukuya kwiindlela ezilungiselelwe imeko-bume yaseSaudi; kunye nesithathu, inkqubela phambili ukusuka ekusebenzeni okuzimeleyo ukuya kwintsebenziswano yenkqubo, edityaniswe ngokunzulu neenkqubo zokulandelela kunye namaqonga e-O&M akrelekrele. Ezi ndlela zidibeneyo ziqhuba ukugcinwa kwe-PV yaseSaudi ukuya kuphuhliso olukrelekrele nolusebenzayo, zibonelela ngesiqinisekiso sobugcisa sokufezekisa iinjongo zamandla avuselelekayo phantsi kwe-"Vision 2030."
Iimpawu zobugcisa kunye nokwakheka kwenkqubo yeerobhothi zokucoca i-PV
Iirobhothi zokucoca ezikrelekrele ze-PV, njengezisombululo zobuchwepheshe kwiindawo zasentlango zaseSaudi, zidibanisa izinto ezintsha kuzo zonke iindlela zobunjineli boomatshini, isayensi yezinto, kunye nobuchwepheshe be-IoT. Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokucoca zemveli, iinkqubo zerobhothi zanamhlanje zibonisa iingenelo zobugcisa ezibalulekileyo, kunye noyilo oluphambili olujikeleza kwiinjongo ezine: ukususwa kothuli ngokufanelekileyo, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ulawulo olukrelekrele, kunye nokuthembeka. Phantsi kwemozulu embi kakhulu yasentlango yaseSaudi Arabia, ezi mpawu zibaluleke kakhulu, zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iindleko zokugcinwa kwexesha elide kunye nengeniso yokuvelisa umbane.
Ngokwembono yoomatshini, iirobhothi zokucoca kwimarike yaseSaudi zahlulwe kakhulu kwiindidi ezimbini: ezifakwe kwireyile neziziqhuba ngokwazo. Iirobhothi ezifakwe kwireyile zihlala zinamathele kwi-PV array supports, zifikelela ekugubungeleni umphezulu ngokupheleleyo ngeereyile okanye iinkqubo zekhebula—zilungele izityalo ezinkulu ezifakwe emhlabeni. Iirobhothi eziziqhuba ngokwazo zibonelela ngokuhambahamba okukhulu, ezifanelekileyo kwi-PV yophahla esasazekileyo okanye umhlaba ontsonkothileyo. Kwiimodyuli ezimbini kunye neenkqubo zokulandelela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu eSaudi Arabia, abavelisi abaphambili abanjengoRenoglean baphuhlise iirobhothi ezikhethekileyo ezibonisa "ubuchwepheshe bebhulorho" obukhethekileyo obuvumela ulungelelwaniso oluguquguqukayo phakathi kweenkqubo zokucoca kunye neendlela zokulandelela, ukuqinisekisa ukucoca okusebenzayo nangona ii-arrays zilungisa ii-engile.
Izinto eziphambili zeendlela zokucoca ziquka iibhrashi ezijikelezayo, izixhobo zokususa uthuli, iinkqubo zokuqhuba, kunye neeyunithi zolawulo. Iimfuno zemarike zaseSaudi ziye zaqhuba ubuchule obuqhubekayo kwezi ndawo: iibristles zebrashi ezidityanisiweyo ezicolekileyo kakhulu kunye ne-carbon-fiber zisusa ngokufanelekileyo uthuli lwetyuwa olunamathelayo ngaphandle kokukrwela umphezulu wemodyuli; iibheringi ezizithambisayo kunye neemoto ezivaliweyo ziqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide kwiindawo ezinesanti; ii-air blowers ezidityanisiweyo ezixinzelelweyo zilwa nokungcola okuqinileyo ngelixa zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Imodeli ye-PR200 kaRenoglean ikwanayo nenkqubo yebrashi "ezihlambululayo" esusa ngokuzenzekelayo uthuli oluqokelelweyo ngexesha lokusebenza, igcina ukusebenza kokucoca rhoqo.
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- Ukuhambelana Okuphezulu: Ilungelelaniswa neemodyuli ze-mono/bifacial, ii-tracker ze-single-axis, kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokufakela
Iinkqubo zokuqhuba kunye nombane zibonelela ngokusebenza okuthembekileyo. Ilanga elininzi laseSaudi Arabia libonelela ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo zeerobhothi zokucoca ezisebenzisa amandla elanga. Uninzi lweemodeli zisebenzisa iinkqubo zamandla amabini ezidibanisa iiphaneli zePV ezisebenzayo kakhulu kunye neebhetri ze-lithium, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwiintsuku ezinamafu. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, ukujongana nobushushu obukhulu basehlotyeni, abavelisi abaphambili baye baphuhlisa iinkqubo zolawulo lobushushu bebhetri ezizodwa besebenzisa izixhobo zokutshintsha isigaba kunye nokupholisa okusebenzayo ukugcina amaqondo obushushu okusebenza akhuselekileyo, okwandisa kakhulu ubomi bebhetri. Kwiimoto zokuqhuba, iimoto zeDC ezingenamabhrashi (BLDC) zikhethwa ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuphezulu kunye nokugcinwa okuphantsi, zisebenza ngezinciphisi ezichanekileyo ukuhambisa ukubamba okwaneleyo kumhlaba wesanti.
Iinkqubo zolawulo ezikrelekrele zisebenza njenge "ngqondo" yerobhothi kwaye zimele umahluko ocacileyo wetekhnoloji. Iirobhothi zokucoca zanamhlanje zihlala zinezixhobo ezininzi zokubona imeko-bume ezijonga ukuqokelelwa kothuli, iimeko zemozulu, kunye nobushushu bemodyuli ngexesha langempela. Ii-algorithms ze-AI zilungisa ngokuguquguqukayo amaqhinga okucoca ngokusekelwe kolu lwazi, zitshintsha ukusuka ekucoceni okucwangcisiweyo ukuya ekucoceni okufunekayo. Umzekelo, ukuqinisa ukucoca ngaphambi kokuba kubekho iziphepho zesanti ngelixa zandisa amaxesha emva kwemvula. "Inkqubo yoLawulo loNxibelelwano lwamafu" kaRenoglean ikwaxhasa ukulungelelaniswa kweerobhothi ezininzi kwizityalo, kuthintelwe ukuphazamiseka kokuveliswa kombane okungeyomfuneko kwimisebenzi yokucoca. Ezi mpawu zikrelekrele zivumela iirobhothi zokucoca ukuba zigcine ukusebenza kakuhle nangona imozulu eguquguqukayo yaseSaudi Arabia.
Uyilo lwenethiwekhi yonxibelelwano kunye nolawulo lwedatha lukwalungiselelwe iimeko zaseSaudi. Ngenxa yokuba kukho iindawo ezininzi zasentlango ezikude zezityalo zePV ezineziseko ezingundoqo ezingalunganga, iinkqubo zeerobhothi zokucoca zisebenzisa inethiwekhi exutyiweyo: ekufutshane ngeLoRa okanye iZigbee mesh, ekude nge4G/satellite. Ukuze kukhuseleke idatha, iinkqubo zixhasa ukugcinwa okufihliweyo kwendawo kunye nokugcinwa kwedatha kwilifu, zithobela imigaqo yedatha engqongqo ngakumbi yaseSaudi Arabia. Abaqhubi banokujonga zonke iirobhothi ngexesha langempela ngee-apps zeselula okanye iiplatifomu zewebhu, bafumane izilumkiso zempazamo, kwaye balungise iiparameter zikude—okuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kolawulo.
Ukuze kulungiswe ukuqina, iirobhothi zokucoca zilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukusuka ekukhethweni kwezinto ukuya kunyango lomphezulu kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu zaseSaudi Arabia, ezinomswakama ophezulu, kunye neendawo ezinetyuwa eninzi. Iifreyimu ze-aluminium alloy ziyafakwa kwi-anodization, izihlanganisi ezibalulekileyo zisebenzisa intsimbi engagqwaliyo ukumelana nokugqwala kwetyuwa yonxweme loLwandle oluBomvu; zonke izinto ze-elektroniki zihlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko lwemizi-mveliso kunye nokutywinwa okugqwesileyo ekungeneni kwesanti; imizila yerabha eyenziwe ngokukodwa okanye amatayara agcina ukuthamba kubushushu obugqithisileyo, ethintela ukuguga kwezinto ngenxa yokutshintsha kobushushu basentlango. Ezi zakhiwo zivumela iirobhothi zokucoca ukuba zifikelele kwixesha eliphakathi phakathi kokusilela (MTBF) elidlula iiyure ezili-10,000 kwiimeko ezinzima zaseSaudi, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokugcinwa kobomi.
Ukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kweerobhothi zokucoca ze-PV eSaudi Arabia kuxhomekeke kwiinkqubo zenkonzo zasekuhlaleni. Abavelisi abaphambili abanjengoRenoglean baseke iindawo zokugcina izinto kunye namaziko oqeqesho lobugcisa eSaudi Arabia, bekhulisa amaqela olondolozo lwasekuhlaleni ukuze aphendule ngokukhawuleza. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nezenzo zenkcubeko zaseSaudi, iindlela zokunxibelelana kunye namaxwebhu ziyafumaneka ngesiArabhu, kunye neeshedyuli zolondolozo ezilungiselelwe iiholide zamaSilamsi. Esi sicwangciso sinzulu sokwakha indawo asigcini nje ngokwandisa ulwaneliseko lwabathengi kodwa sikwabeka isiseko esiqinileyo sokwandiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokucoca obukrelekrele baseTshayina kwiimarike zaseMbindi Mpuma.
Ngokuhambela phambili kwi-AI kunye ne-IoT, iirobhothi zokucoca ze-PV ziyatshintsha ukusuka kwizixhobo ezilula zokucoca ukuya kwii-node ze-O&M ezikrelekrele. Iimveliso zesizukulwana esitsha ngoku zidibanisa izixhobo zokuxilonga ezifana neekhamera zomfanekiso wobushushu kunye neeskena ze-IV curve, zenza uhlolo lwempilo yecandelo ngexesha lokucoca; ii-algorithms zokufunda koomatshini zihlalutya idatha yokucoca ixesha elide ukuqikelela iipateni zokuqokelela uthuli kunye nokuwohloka kokusebenza kwemodyuli. Le misebenzi yandisiweyo iphakamisa indima yeerobhothi zokucoca kwizityalo ze-PV zaseSaudi, ziguqula kancinci kancinci ukusuka kwiindawo zeendleko zibe ngabadali bexabiso abazisa imbuyekezo eyongezelelweyo kubatyali-mali bezityalo.
Ibhokisi yesicelo sokucoca ngobuchule kwiRed Sea Coastal PV Plant
Iprojekthi ye-PV yoLwandle oluBomvu engama-400 MW, njengesityalo sokuqala esikhulu selanga eSaudi Arabia, ijongene nemingeni eqhelekileyo yetyuwa ephezulu, enomswakama ophezulu kulo mmandla, yaba ngumzekelo obalulekileyo wetekhnoloji yokucoca ekrelekrele yaseTshayina eSaudi Arabia. Yaphuhliswa yi-ACWA Power, le projekthi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezicwangciso zamandla ahlaziyekayo zaseSaudi "Vision 2030". Indawo yayo ineemeko zemozulu ezikhethekileyo kakhulu: amaqondo obushushu aphakathi onyaka adlula ama-30°C, umswakama ohambelanayo uhlala udlula ama-60%, kwaye umoya otyebileyo ngetyuwa wenza ngokulula uqweqwe oluqinileyo lwetyuwa kwiiphaneli zePV—iimeko apho iindlela zokucoca zemveli zibonakala zingasebenzi kwaye zibiza kakhulu.
Ukujongana nale mingeni, ekugqibeleni le projekthi yamkela isisombululo sokucoca esenziwe ngokwezifiso sikaRenoglean esisekelwe kwiirobhothi zokucoca ze-PV zochungechunge lwe-PR, ibandakanya izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ezahlukeneyo ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezinetyuwa eninzi: iifreyimu ze-titanium alloy ezingamelaniyo nokugqwala kunye neebheringi ezivaliweyo zithintela umonakalo wetyuwa kwizinto ezibalulekileyo; iifayibha zebrashi eziphathwe ngokukodwa ziphepha ukufunxwa kwetyuwa kunye nongcoliseko lwesibini ngexesha lokucoca; iinkqubo zolawulo zongeze ii-sensors zomswakama ukuze zilungelelanise ngokuzenzekelayo amandla okucoca phantsi komswakama ophezulu ukuze kubekho iziphumo ezilungileyo. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, iirobhothi zokucoca zeprojekthi zafumana isiqinisekiso esiphezulu sokulwa nokugqwala kushishino lwe-PV lwehlabathi, esimele isisombululo sokucoca esiphucukileyo kakhulu kuMbindi Mpuma ngelo xesha.
Ukusasazwa kwenkqubo yokucoca yeprojekthi yoLwandle oluBomvu kubonise ukuziqhelanisa okumangalisayo nobunjineli. Iziseko ezithambileyo zonxweme zibangele ukuhlala okungalinganiyo kwezinye ii-array mounts, nto leyo ekhokelele ekuphambukeni kwe-reli ukuya kuthi ga kwi-±15 cm. Iqela lobuchwephesha likaRenoglean liphuhlise iinkqubo zokuxhoma ezihambelanayo ezivumela iirobhothi zokucoca ukuba zisebenze kakuhle kulo lonke olu mahluko wobude, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukugubungela ukucoca akuchaphazeleki ngumhlaba. Inkqubo ikwamkele uyilo lweemodyuli, kunye neeyunithi zerobhothi enye ezigubungela malunga namacandelo e-array eemitha ezili-100—iiyunithi zinokusebenza ngokuzimeleyo okanye zilungelelanise ngolawulo oluphakathi ukuze kulawulwe isityalo sonke ngokufanelekileyo. Olu lwakhiwo oluguquguqukayo lwenze lula kakhulu ukwandiswa kwexesha elizayo, okuvumela amandla enkqubo yokucoca ukuba akhule kunye namandla esityalo.
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Ixesha leposi: Julayi-04-2025