Umhla: 21 Januwari 2025
Kwizixeko ezixakekileyo ezisasazeke kulo lonke elaseMbindini naseMzantsi Melika, imvula ayisiyonto nje yemozulu; ngamandla amakhulu abumba ubomi bezigidi zabantu. Ukusuka kwizitrato ezixakekileyo zaseBogotá, eColombia, ukuya kwiindlela ezintle zaseValparaíso, eChile, ulawulo olusebenzayo lwemithombo yamanzi luya lubaluleke ngakumbi njengoko izixeko zijongene nemingeni ekhulayo enxulumene notshintsho lwemozulu, izikhukula zasezidolophini, kunye nokunqongophala kwamanzi.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, isisombululo esitsha siqalile ukuvela eluphahleni, kwiipaki nakwiindawo zikawonke-wonke: izinzwa zokulinganisa imvula. Ezi zixhobo zikrelekrele, ezilinganisa ngokuchanekileyo imvula ngexesha langempela, zivula indlela yokuphucula ucwangciso lwedolophu, iziseko zophuhliso ezisabelayo, kunye nokuphucula ukuqina koluntu.
Ukujika Kwiteknoloji: Ukunyuka Kwezinzwa Zokulinganisa Imvula
Ngaphambili, abacwangcisi besixeko babexhomekeke kwiingxelo zemozulu ezingacwangciswanga rhoqo kunye neendlela eziphelelwe lixesha zokulawula amanzi emvula kunye nokwabela izixhobo. Ukwaziswa kweenzwa zokulinganisa imvula kutshintshe le ndlela iphelelwe lixesha. Ngokubonelela ngedatha yemvula echanekileyo, esekelwe kwindawo, ezi nzwa zivumela abasemagunyeni basezidolophini ukuba benze izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga neenkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi, amanyathelo okuthintela izikhukula, kunye namaqhinga okugcina amanzi.
UMariana Cruz, injineli yokusingqongileyo esebenza neBogotá Metropolitan Planning Institute, ucacisile wathi, “EBogotá, apho imvula enkulu inokukhokelela kwizikhukula ezinkulu, ukufikelela kwidatha yexesha langempela kusinceda silindele kwaye siphendule kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo. Ngaphambili, besisenza izigqibo ezisekelwe kwidatha yembali eyayingasoloko ibonisa iimeko zangoku.”
Ukwakha iiDolophu ezikrelekrele: Ukudibanisa iiSensors kwiCwangciso seeDolophu
KuMbindi nakuMzantsi Merika, izixeko zisebenzisa amandla e-Intanethi yezinto (IoT) ukuphumeza izisombululo zedolophu ezikrelekrele. Kwizixeko ezifana neSão Paulo, eBrazil, naseQuito, e-Ecuador, iinethiwekhi zezinzwa zokulinganisa imvula zisetyenzisiwe njengenxalenye yamanyathelo esixeko esikrelekrele ngokubanzi.
Umzekelo, eSão Paulo, isixeko saqalisa iprojekthi ethi “Smart Rain”, sidibanisa iisensa ezingaphezu kwama-300 kulo lonke isixeko. Ezi sensa zinika idatha kwinkqubo yelifu ephakathi enceda amagosa esixeko ukuba ajonge iipatheni zemvula kwaye aqikelele izikhukula ezinokubakho ngexesha langempela.
UCarlos Mendes, umphathi weprojekthi kuRhulumente weSixeko saseSão Paulo, wabelane wathi, “Ngokubeka esweni rhoqo, singakwazi ukubona ukuba zeziphi iindawo zesixeko ezisengozini yezikhukula kwaye silumkise abemi ngaphambi kokuba kubekho intlekele. Le teknoloji isindisa ubomi kunye nepropathi.”
Ukubandakanyeka koLuntu: Ukuxhobisa Abemi basekuhlaleni
Impembelelo yezinzwa zokulinganisa imvula idlulela ngaphaya koorhulumente boomasipala; ikwanika amandla uluntu. Izixeko ezininzi zisebenzisana nemibutho yasekuhlaleni ukufaka nokugcina ezi sensor, nto leyo edala uluvo lokuba ngabanini bazo. Ngokukhuthaza abemi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ekujongeni okusingqongileyo, izixeko zinokuhlakulela inkcubeko yokumelana neentlekele ezinxulumene nemozulu.
EMedellín, eColombia, iphulo elisekelwe kuluntu elaziwa ngokuba“Lluvia y Ciudad”(I-Rain and City) ibandakanya amavolontiya asekuhlaleni ekusekeni nasekulawuleni izixhobo zokuvavanya imvula kwiindawo abahlala kuzo. Olu manyano aluzange lubonelele ngedatha exabisekileyo kuphela kodwa lukwavuse iingxoxo malunga notshintsho lwemozulu, ulawulo lwamanzi, kunye nokuzinza kwezixeko.
U-Álvaro Pérez, inkokeli yoluntu eMedellín, yaphawula, “Ukubandakanya uluntu kulwenza luqonde ngakumbi ngokulondolozwa kwamanzi kunye nokubaluleka kweendlela ezizinzileyo. Abantu baqala ukuqonda ukuba ithontsi ngalinye libalulekile, kwaye linokuba negalelo kwimpilo yendalo esingqongileyo.”
Ukujongana Neengxaki: Indlela Engaphambili
Nangona kukho inkqubela ethembisayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwee-rain gauge sensors kucwangciso lwedolophu akunazo iingxaki. Imiba efana nokufikeleleka kwedatha, ulwazi lobuchwepheshe, kunye nenkxaso-mali yokulungisa kufuneka ijongwane nayo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwexesha elide kwezi nkqubo.
Ngaphezu koko, kukho umngcipheko wokugqithisa idatha. Njengoko ii-sensors ezininzi zibonelela ngolwazi oluninzi, abacwangcisi basezidolophini kunye nabenzi bezigqibo kufuneka baphuhlise iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuhlalutya nokusebenzisa idatha ngeendlela ezinentsingiselo. Ubudlelwane phakathi kweeyunivesithi, iinkampani zobuchwepheshe, kunye noorhulumente basekhaya bubalulekile ekwakheni izikhokelo zohlalutyo lwedatha ezinokuqhuba umgaqo-nkqubo kunye nesenzo esisebenzayo.
Umbono Wekamva
Njengoko izixeko kulo lonke elaseMbindini naseMzantsi Melika ziqhubeka nokwamkela ubuchwepheshe, indima yezinzwa zokulinganisa imvula iya kukhula kuphela. Njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu lunyusa ukuphindaphindeka kunye nobukhulu bemvula, ezi zixhobo ziya kuba luncedo ekuncedeni izixeko ukuba ziqhelane kwaye ziphumelele kwindawo etshintsha ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuqukumbela, ukufakwa kwezinzwa zokulinganisa imvula akupheleli nje ekulinganiseni imvula—kubonisa indlela yokucinga kwangaphambili yokucwangcisa isixeko kunye nokulungiselela iintlekele. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe, ukubandakanya uluntu, kunye nokukhuthaza uzinzo, izixeko kulo lonke elaseMbindini naseMzantsi Melika azipheleli nje ekunyamezeleni izivunguvungu kodwa zilungiselela ukuhlangabezana nazo ngqo. Njengoko iindawo zasezidolophini ziguquka zibe zizixeko ezikrelekrele, amathontsi emvula awasayi kuba ngamandla angenakuqikelelwa kodwa abe yindawo ebalulekileyo yedatha eqhuba izigqibo zekamva elizinzileyo.
Ukuze ufumane okungakumbiigeyiji yemvulaulwazi,
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Ixesha leposi: Jan-21-2025