Kwimbono entle yezolimo ezikrelekrele, imbono yesibhakabhaka (imozulu) iye yakhula ngakumbi, kodwa kusekho umsantsa omkhulu wedatha ekuqondeni umhlaba (umhlaba). Umhlaba, njengesiseko sokukhula kwezityalo kunye nomthwali wemithombo yamanzi enesondlo, unobunzima bangaphakathi obudlula kakhulu obo bemozulu engaphezulu. Inkqubo yokubona umhlaba yezolimo ezikrelekrele eyasungulwa yiNkampani yeHONDE iguqula eli "lizwekazi elimnyama" libe yimijelo yedatha ecacileyo, yexesha langempela nesebenzayo kunye nenethiwekhi yayo yokujonga enemilinganiselo emithathu enamanqanaba amaninzi kunye nemilinganiselo emininzi, iba yinjini ephambili eqhuba ulimo oluchanekileyo ukusuka "ekuqondeni" ukuya "ekuphunyezweni".
I. Ingcamango yeNkqubo: Ukusuka ekulinganisweni kwenqaku elinye ukuya ekuqondeni iprofayili yendalo
Ukuhlolwa komhlaba ngokwesiko kudla ngokwahlukana kwaye kube yinto enye. Inkqubo yeHONDE yakha inkqubo yokuqonda enamacala amathathu nenethiwekhi:
Ubukhulu obuthe nkqo: Ngokusebenzisa ii-probe sensors zobude obahlukeneyo (ezifana ne-6cm, 10cm, 20cm, kunye ne-30cm), ukufuma, ubushushu, kunye nokuqhuba kombane (ityuwa) yomaleko womphezulu, umaleko weengcambu ezisebenzayo, kunye nomaleko womhlaba osezantsi zijongwa ngaxeshanye, kwaye imizobo ethe nkqo yokuthuthwa kwamanzi kunye nokuqokelelwa kwetyuwa izotywe.
Ubukhulu obuthe tye: Sebenzisa ii-sensor nodes kwipatheni yegridi kwintsimi ukuze utyhile umahluko wendawo obangelwa zizinto ezifana nobume bomhlaba, ukufana kokunkcenkceshela, kunye nomhlaba, ukubonelela ngesiseko semephu yemiyalelo yokusebenza okuguquguqukayo.
Ubukhulu beParameter: Ngokudibanisa itekhnoloji yamva nje yokuva, ezinye iimodeli eziphezulu zinokwandiswa ukuze kujongwe indlela i-pH yomhlaba etshintsha ngayo kunye nezondlo ezibalulekileyo (ezifana ne-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, kunye ne-potassium), kufezekiswe ukuxilongwa okubanzi ukusuka kwindawo ebonakalayo ukuya kwindawo yeekhemikhali.
Ii. Itekhnoloji Engundoqo: "I-Sentinel Engaphantsi Komhlaba Enokuthenjwa, Echanekileyo Nekrelekrele"
Ukuqonda okuchanekileyo kunye nokuqina: Ukusebenzisa izinzwa ezisekelwe kwimigaqo efana neFrequency Domain reflectance (FDR), kuqinisekisa ukulinganiswa okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide komthamo wamanzi omthamo. Iprobe yenziwe ngezinto ezimelana nokugqwala kwaye izinto zayo ze-elektroniki zivaliwe ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiindawo ezinzima apho inokugqunywa khona ixesha elide.
Uyilo lwe-iot enamandla aphantsi: Ii-sensor nodes zisebenza ngeepaneli zelanga okanye iibhetri ze-lithium ezihlala ixesha elide. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obungenazingcingo ezifana neLoRa, NB-IoT okanye i-4G, idatha idluliselwa ngexesha langempela kwilifu, ifikelela kwi-wide coverage kunye nokusasazwa kwe-"zero wiring".
I-Edge computing kunye nesilumkiso sangethuba esikrelekrele: Ixhotyiswe nge-algorithms ekrelekrele, inokubangela imiqondiso yesilumkiso sangethuba engingqini ngokusekelwe kwimida esele imiselwe (njengemigca yesilumkiso sembalela kunye namaxabiso engozi yetyuwa), idibanisa ngokuthe ngqo iivalvu zokunkcenkceshela ukuze kufezekiswe umjikelo ovaliweyo okhawulezileyo ukusuka "ekujongeni - kwilifu - ekwenzeni izigqibo - kwisenzo".
Iii. Iimeko eziPhambili zokusetyenziswa kunye neeNqobo kwiZolimo eziLungileyo
"Umlawuli Obalaseleyo" wokunkcenkceshela ngobulumko
Olu lolona hlobo luthe ngqo noluluncedo kakhulu lokusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zomhlaba. Le nkqubo iguqula izigqibo zokunkcenkceshela ngokujonga ngexesha langempela uxinzelelo lokufuma komhlaba okanye umxholo wamanzi kwiingcambu.
Ukunkcenkceshela ngexesha elifunekayo: Qala ukunkcenkceshela kuphela xa izityalo zikufuna ngokwenene. Xa kuthelekiswa neemodeli ezisekelwe kwixesha okanye ezisekelwe kumava, kunokonga umyinge we-20-40% yamanzi.
Lungiselela amaqhinga okunkcenkceshela: Ngokusekelwe kulwazi lwamanzi oluvela kubunzulu obahlukeneyo, khokela ukuphunyezwa "kokunkcenkceshela nzulu ukukhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu" okanye "ukunkcenkceshela nzulu ukuze kuzaliseke umswakama", nto leyo eyakha inkqubo yeengcambu eqinileyo.
Thintela ukuvuza kwamanzi nokuchitheka kwamanzi: Kuphephe ukulahleka kwezondlo kunye nokuchithwa kwamanzi okubangelwa kukunkcenkceshela kakhulu.
2. "Ingcali Yezondlo" yoLawulo Oludibeneyo Lwamanzi Nezichumisi
Xa inkqubo idibanisa ityuwa (EC) kunye nee-sensors zezakhamzimba, ixabiso layo liyandiswa ngakumbi:
Ukuchumisa ngokuchanekileyo: Jonga ubungakanani be-ion kwisisombululo somhlaba ukuze ufumane ukongezwa okuchanekileyo kwesichumiso ngokusekelwe kwisantya sokufunxwa kwezityalo, ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwesichumiso nge-15-30%.
Isilumkiso kunye nolawulo lomonakalo wetyuwa kwangethuba: Ukubeka esweni amaxabiso e-EC ngexesha langempela, ukuqalisa ngokuzenzekelayo inkqubo yokuhlamba ngaphambi kokuba ityuwa iqokeleleke yingozi kwinkqubo yeengcambu ukukhusela impilo yesityalo.
Yenza ngcono iifomyula zokuchumisa: Idatha yexesha elide inceda ekulungiseni iifomyula zamanzi nezichumiso ukuze zihlangabezane ngcono neemfuno zomhlaba othile kunye nezityalo.
3. "Isixhobo Sokuxilonga Kwangethuba" seMpilo yoMhlaba kunye neMpilo yeZityalo
Isilumkiso soxinzelelo: Utshintsho olungaqhelekanga kubushushu bomhlaba lunokubonisa umonakalo weqabaka okanye umonakalo wobushushu. Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kumswakama lunokubonisa izifo zeengcambu okanye ukuvuza kwemibhobho.
Isikhokelo seendlela zokulima: Jonga ukufuma komhlaba kwaye umisele ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuhlakula, ukuhlwayela okanye ukuvuna; Vavanya iziphumo zeendlela zokulima ezilondolozayo ezifana nokugquma kunye nokungahlakula ngokusebenzisa idatha yexesha elide.
Ulawulo lomhlaba oluqhutywa yidatha: Misela ii-archives zomhlaba zedijithali endle, ulandelele utshintsho lwexesha elide kwizinto eziphilayo zomhlaba, ubutyuwa kunye nezinye izalathisi, kwaye unike isiseko solawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo.
4. "I-Data Correlator" yoPhumo kunye noPhuculo loMgangatho
Ngokwenza uhlalutyo olukhulu lokuhambelana kwedatha kwidatha yokusingqongileyo yomhlaba kulo lonke ixesha lokukhula ngemephu yokugqibela yesivuno kunye nedatha yokuhlolwa komgangatho (njengomxholo weswekile kunye nomxholo weproteni), izinto eziphambili zomhlaba ezichaphazela isivuno sesivuno kunye nomgangatho zinokutyhilwa, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe amanyathelo olawulo ngokuphambeneyo kwaye kufezekiswe "ukuzala nokulima okuqhutywa yidatha".
Iv. Iingenelo zeNkqubo kunye neMbuyekezo yoTyalo-mali
Uguquko ekwenzeni izigqibo: Guqula imodeli esekelwe kumava yokunkcenkceshela kunye nokuchumisa ukusuka “kwixesha elifanelekileyo nelilinganiselweyo” ukuya kwimodeli eqhutywa yidatha “yexesha elifunekayo neliguquguqukayo”.
Ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle: Gcina ngokuthe ngqo amanzi, isichumisi, amandla kunye neendleko zabasebenzi, kwaye ixesha lokubuyisela imali lidla ngokuba lixesha lokulima eli-1 ukuya kwele-3.
Ukuphucula umgangatho kunye nokuzinzisa imveliso: Ngokugcina imeko-bume efanelekileyo yeengcambu, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwezityalo, kunye nokuphucula ukuhambelana kunye nesantya sokuthengiswa kweemveliso zezolimo.
Ilungele okusingqongileyo: Inciphisa kakhulu ungcoliseko lwezolimo olungenazo izikhombisi, nto leyo enegalelo kwiinjongo zolimo oluluhlaza kunye nokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni.
Ukwanda: Njengendawo yokungena kwedatha esisiseko kwi-intanethi yezolimo yezinto, inokudityaniswa ngokulula nezikhululo zemozulu, iidrone, kunye neenkqubo zokuqhuba ezizimeleyo zoomatshini bezolimo ukwakha ubuchopho obupheleleyo befama yedijithali.
V. Ityala Eliyimfihlakalo: Isivuno Esiqhutywa Yidatha
Ifama enkulu yembotyi yesoya eMidwestern United States isebenzise inethiwekhi ye-HONDE sorveyer. Le nkqubo ifumanise ukuba kwintsimi enye, malunga ne-15% yendawo yayinamandla okugcina amanzi omhlaba abuthathaka kakhulu. Phantsi kwesicwangciso sokunkcenkceshela esichanekileyo, ezi ndawo zifumene ukunkcenkceshela okungakumbi, ngelixa iindawo ezazinamandla okugcina amanzi zancipha ngokufanelekileyo. Emva kwexesha lokulima elinye, ifama ayizange igcine kuphela i-22% yamanzi iyonke kodwa yandisa uzinzo lwesivuno sentsimi iyonke nge-18%, njengoko isuse "ukusilela" kokuncipha kwemveliso okubangelwa kuxinzelelo lwembalela yasekuhlaleni. Umlimi uthe, "Esikulawulayo ngoku asikokuba yintsimi enye kuphela, kodwa ngamawakawaka eeyunithi zomhlaba ezincinci ezineemfuno ezahlukeneyo."
Isiphelo
Injongo ephambili yezolimo ezikrelekrele kukulawula imveliso yezolimo ngokungathi yifektri echanekileyo. Kwaye umhlaba ngumgca weworkshop kunye nemveliso yale "fektri yezinto eziphilayo". Inkqubo yokubona umhlaba ekrelekrele yeHONDE ixhobise yonke ikona yale workshop "ngezixhobo zokubeka esweni" kunye "neeswitshi zokulawula". Yenza okungabonakaliyo kubonakale, okuntsonkothileyo okulawulekayo kunye nokubalwa okubonakalayo. Oku akusiyo nje inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, kodwa kukwayinguqu kubudlelwane bemveliso - kuphakamisa abalimi ekubeni "ngabasebenzi bomhlaba" ukuya "kubaphathi bedatha kunye nabalungisi benkqubo yendalo yomhlaba", ivula indlela ecacileyo eqhutywa yidatha yophuhliso oluzinzileyo lwezolimo lwehlabathi phantsi kwemida yezixhobo.
Malunga neHONDE: Njengomakhi weziseko zophuhliso lwezolimo zedijithali, iHONDE igxile ekuguquleni umhlaba wezolimo ube yimpahla yedijithali ebalekayo nelungelelanisiweyo ngokusebenzisa ukuqonda okuthembekileyo, unxibelelwano olusebenzayo, kunye nohlalutyo olukrelekrele. Sikholelwa ukuba ukwenziwa komhlaba ube yidijithali nzulu yeyona nto iphambili ekuvuleni ikamva lezolimo.
Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nesenzi somhlaba,
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Ixesha leposi: Disemba-08-2025