Kwinkqubo yokuguqula ezolimo zaseMzantsi-mpuma Asia ukusuka kulawulo olubanzi ukuya kwezolimo ezichanekileyo eziqhutywa yidatha, ingxaki esisiseko yokuqonda ikwinyani yokuba ukujonga umhlaba ngokwesiko kudla ngokuma kumaleko womphezulu (iisentimitha ezili-10-20), kwaye akukho lwazi luninzi malunga nezinto eziphambili ezichaza ukumelana nembalela, ukusebenza kakuhle kokufunxwa kwezondlo kunye nempilo yeengcambu zezityalo - intshukumo ethe nkqo kunye nokusasazwa komswakama womhlaba. Umjikelo wemvula enamandla kunye nokuphuma komphunga, ubume bomhlaba obahlukeneyo kunye nokulinywa okubanzi kwezityalo ezineengcambu ezinzulu kwiindawo ezishushu kwenza ukuba amandla amanzi kwiiprofayili zomhlaba abe nzima kakhulu. Inkqubo yokujonga ubushushu bomhlaba obunemiqolo emininzi (iileya ezi-3 ukuya kwezili-9) kunye nobushushu bomhlaba kunye nokufuma ibonelela abalimi baseMzantsi-mpuma Asia "imephu ye-CT yokufuma" ukusuka kumphezulu ukuya kwindawo yeengcambu ezinzulu kunye namandla ayo okuqonda ubunzulu obuguqukayo, ukuguqula amandla afihlakeleyo ehlabathi elingaphantsi komhlaba abe bubulumko obuchanekileyo bezolimo obunokushukunyiswa.
I. Imingeni ephambili yezoLimo zaseTropiki: Kutheni kufuneka "imbono yecandelo"?
Uzinzo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngokufanelekileyo kwezolimo kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia kujongene nemingeni ekhethekileyo yamanzi omhlaba:
Ukutshintshatshintsha okukhulu kweemeko ezomileyo nezimanzi: Emva kwemvula enkulu, amanzi ahla ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ngexesha lonyaka owomileyo, amanzi anzulu aphinda azaliseke phezulu. Iisensa zemveli ze-single-point azikwazi ukulandelela le nkqubo yokufuduka ngokuthe nkqo.
Iimfuneko zolawulo lwezityalo ezineengcambu ezinzulu: Imithi yezoqoqosho efana ne-oil palm, irabha, i-mango, kunye nekofu ineengcambu ezifunxa amanzi ezisebenzayo ezinokufikelela kubunzulu bemitha e-1 okanye iimitha ezi-2. Ukubeka esweni umaleko womphezulu kuphela kunokukhokelela ekuphambukeni okukhulu kwizigqibo zokunkcenkceshela.
Ukwahluka komhlaba okunamandla: Ngaphakathi kwiploti enye, ubume bomhlaba kubunzulu obahlukeneyo (njengomhlaba onesihlabathi kunye neengqimba zodongwe) buyahluka kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela utshintsho olunzima ekungeneni kwamanzi kunye namandla okugcina amanzi kwicala elithe nkqo.
Ukuvuza kwamanzi kunye nomngcipheko wetyuwa: Ukunkcenkceshela kakhulu okukhokelela ekuphumeni kwamanzi kunye nezondlo nzulu, kunye nokunyuka kwetyuwa kwiindawo ezimanzi ezinamanzi amdaka, zombini ezi ziinkqubo ezenzeka kwiiprofayili zomhlaba.
Ngoko ke, ukuqonda ulwazi oluqhubekayo malunga nokwahluka kwamanzi ngobunzulu kunokuba kube yidatha yamanqaku ambalwa ahlukeneyo kuyimfuneko ekufezekiseni ulawulo lwamanzi nezichumiso ngokwesayensi, ukumelana nembalela kunye nokugcinwa komswakama, kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo.
Ii. Uphuhliso lweTekhnoloji: Inkqubo yokubeka iliso kwiProfayili ye-HONDE Multi-Layer Tubular
Le nkqubo isebenzisa uyilo olutsha "lwetyhubhu enye, iileya ezininzi", oludibanisa iiyunithi ezininzi zokuva ezichanekileyo kakhulu ngaphakathi kwetyhubhu yeprobe eqinileyo efakwe ngokusisigxina ukuze kufezekiswe ukubekwa kweliso kwiprofayili ethe nkqo, engabonakaliyo, kwaye ehlala ixesha elide.
Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso okunzulu kunye nokwakheka okuguquguqukayo: Abasebenzisi banokukhetha ngokuguquguquka ukubekwa kweliso kweeleya ezi-3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 okanye 9 * ngokusekelwe kubunzulu bokusasazwa kweengcambu zesityalo ekujoliswe kuso, iimpawu zomhlaba kunye neemfuno zophando. Ukwakheka okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya: 10cm, 30cm, 50cm, 70cm, 100cm, okanye ezo zixineneyo kunye nomgangatho omnye rhoqo nge-10/15 cm.
Ukubeka esweni iprofayili yeparameter ezininzi ngokuhambelanayo: Ubungakanani bamanzi omhlaba kunye nobushushu bomhlaba kulinganiswa ngaxeshanye kumaleko ngamnye. Ezinye iimodeli eziphambili zinokwandiswa ukuze kulinganiswe ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi (ubungakanani betyuwa), zenze iprofayili enamacala amathathu yamanzi, ubushushu kunye netyuwa.
Uyilo lwetyhubhu kunye nokuzinza kwexesha elide: Iyunithi yesensa ifakwa ngaphakathi kwityhubhu ekhuselayo kwaye ilinganisa nomhlaba ngokudibana okungathanga ngqo, ithintela umonakalo okanye ukufuduka okubangelwa kukuxinana komhlaba, ukwanda okanye ukulinywa kwiisensa zemveli ezifakwe ngaphakathi. Ukuzinza kwexesha elide kwedatha kugqwesile.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-intanethi yezinto kunye nokubonakala kwedatha: Idatha idluliselwa efini ngetekhnoloji engenazingcingo enamandla aphantsi (LoRaWAN/4G). Iqonga lingabonisa ngexesha langempela imephu yeprofayili okanye imephu ye-depth-curve yokufuma komhlaba kunye nobushushu, ibonisa ngokubonakalayo intshukumo yomphambili wamanzi, utshintsho kumaleko wokufunxa amanzi engcambu kunye ne-gradient yobushushu.
Iii. Ukusetyenziswa Okunzulu Kwiimeko Ezahlukeneyo Zezolimo KuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia
Ukunkcenkceshela ngokuchanekileyo kunye nolawulo lwamanzi kunye nezichumiso kwiigadi zezityalo zezoqoqosho ezihlala ixesha elide
Ukusetyenziswa: Kwimithi yesundu, irabha, kunye negadi yeziqhamo, faka ubunzulu obuyi-1.5 ukuya kwi-2 yeemitha ukujonga ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwiinkqubo zeengcambu ezinzulu.
Ixabiso
Misela ubunzulu kunye nobungakanani bokunkcenkceshela: Qinisekisa ukuba amanzi okunkcenkceshela anokumanzisa umaleko ophambili weengcambu ezisebenzayo (ezifana neesentimitha ezingama-40-80), endaweni yokuhlala nje phezu komaleko womphezulu. Kuphephe ukuba inkqubo yeengcambu intante phezulu kunye nokwehla kokumelana nembalela okubangelwa kukunkcenkceshela okunganzulu.
Ukuvavanya iindawo zokugcina amanzi ezinzulu: Ngexesha lemvula, qonda ngokucacileyo amandla okugcina amanzi omhlaba onzulu ukuze ubone ukuba izityalo zingawasebenzisa na amanzi anzulu, ngaloo ndlela zilibazise okanye zinciphise ukunkcenkceshela kwaye zonge izixhobo zamanzi ezixabisekileyo.
Yenza ngcono indawo yokuchumisa: Faka amanzi kunye nesichumisi kubunzulu bomaleko oyintloko weengcambu ezifunxa amanzi ukuze kuphuculwe ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwaye kuncitshiswe ilahleko zokuvuza kwamanzi.
2. Uphando kunye noLawulo lokuHamba ngeMijikelezo yamanzi kwiinkqubo zokuJikelezisa iRayisi kunye neNdawo eyomileyo
Ukusetyenziswa: Kwintsimi yokujikeleza irayisi nomhlaba owomileyo (njengombona), isetyenziselwa ukujonga yonke inkqubo yokungena kwamanzi ngexesha lezikhukula, ukwehla kwamanzi emva kokuba amanzi omile, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngexesha lomhlaba owomileyo.
Ixabiso: Ukuvavanya ngokwesayensi umthamo wokuvuza kwamanzi emasimini erayisi, ukubonelela ngesiseko sokunkcenkceshela okonga amanzi kunye nokuthintela ukuvuza kwezondlo nzulu; Isigwebo semeko yokufuma komhlaba ukuze kuqondiswe ixesha lokuhlwayela izityalo ezikumhlaba owomileyo.
3. Ukuphucula umgangatho weengcambu kwezolimo kunye nemifuno exabisekileyo
Ukusetyenziswa: Kwizindlu zokugcina izityalo okanye kwiishedi, kwizityalo ezifana neetumato kunye neekhukhamba, kufuneka kulungiselelwe umaleko oxineneyo wokujonga (njengomaleko omnye kwiisentimitha ezili-15 nganye).
Ixabiso: Lawula ngokuchanekileyo ukufana komswakama kwindawo yengcambu ukuze uthintele iindawo zasekuhlaleni ekubeni zome kakhulu okanye zibe manzi kakhulu. Ngokuhlalutya umsebenzi wengcambu kubunzulu obahlukeneyo, ukuphakama komphetho kunye nobunzulu beteyiphu yokunkcenkceshela ngedriphu kuye kwaphuculwa.
4. Uphando malunga nokubuyiselwa kwendalo kunye nokugcinwa komhlaba namanzi
Ukusetyenziswa: Jonga ukuguquguquka komswakama womhlaba kubunzulu obahlukeneyo kwiigadi zeti ezithambekileyo, kwiindawo ezisengozini yokukhukuliseka okanye apho kufuneka kulungiswe khona izityalo.
Ixabiso: Vavanya amandla okusebenzisa izityalo emanzini omhlaba kubunzulu obahlukeneyo, funda ubudlelwane phakathi kokungena kwemvula kunye nokugeleza kwamanzi phezu komhlaba, kwaye unike inkxaso yedatha yamanyathelo okugcina umhlaba namanzi.
5. Ukujongana nembalela kunye nokuziqhelanisa nemozulu
Ukusetyenziswa: Misela uthungelwano lokujonga ubumanzi bomhlaba lwengingqi.
Ixabiso: Ukubonelela ngezilumkiso zembalela kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba kumasebe karhulumente ezolimo kunye nabalimi, ukhokele ulungiselelo lokunkcenkceshela kunye nokulungiswa kwezityalo ezimelana nembalela, kunye nokuphucula ukumelana nemozulu yezolimo.
Iv. IiNqobo Eziphambili: Ukusuka “kwiNgqikelelo Yenqaku” ukuya “kwiNgcamango Yecandelo”
Ukwenziwa kwezigqibo zesayensi malunga nokunkcenkceshela: Ukutshintsha ukusuka “ekunkcenkcesheleni umhlaba” ukuya “ekunkcenkcesheleni iingcambu zesityalo”, ukufikelela kumanzi achanekileyo ngokusekelwe kubunzulu, ngokubanzi kunokunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamanzi okunkcenkceshela ngama-25-40%.
Ukuphuculwa kwempilo yesityalo kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo: Ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lweenkqubo zeengcambu ezinzulu kunye nokuphucula amandla esityalo okumelana nembalela yexesha lonyaka.
Nciphisa iimpembelelo ezimbi kokusingqongileyo: Ngokulawula amanzi ukuba angangeni ngaphantsi kweengcambu, umngcipheko wongcoliseko lwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba olubangelwa zizichumisi zeekhemikhali kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane unokunciphisa ngempumelelo.
Iiasethi zedatha ezixabisa kakhulu kwimveliso nakuphando lwesayensi: Idatha yeprofayili yomhlaba eqokelelweyo yexesha elide sisixhobo esingenakutshintshwa nesixabisekileyo sokwenza ngcono iimodeli zezolimo, ukukhulisa iintlobo ezimelana nembalela, kunye nokwenza uphando lwesayensi malunga nolimo oluchanekileyo.
V. Ityala Elibalulekileyo: Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha ye-oyile yesundu
Isityalo esikhulu semithi yesundu yeoyile eMalaysia sifake inkqubo yokujonga iprofayili ye-HONDE enemigangatho esi-7 (ukuya kuthi ga kubunzulu be-1.6 yeemitha) kwezinye iibhloko. Uhlalutyo lwedatha lubonisa oku:
Emva kokunkcenkceshela ngesixhobo sokufafaza esiqhelekileyo, amanzi amaninzi ahlala kumaleko womphezulu we-0-30 cm, ngelixa inkqubo yeengcambu zesundu yeoyile (40-100 cm) efunxa amanzi ifumana amanzi amancinci kuphela.
2. Ngexesha lonyaka owomileyo, umhlaba onzulu ongaphantsi kwemitha e-1 usenamanzi amaninzi afumanekayo, kodwa awusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo.
Ngokusekelwe koku, bahlengahlengise icebo lokunkcenkceshela ukuya kunkcenkceshelo oluphantsi olunzulu baza bongeza ngokufulela umhlaba ukuze kuncitshiswe ukufuma komphezulu. Emva kohlengahlengiso, nangona kuncitshiswe ngama-30% ekusetyenzisweni kwamanzi okunkcenkceshela, isivuno see-oyile palm ezivuthiweyo sahlala sizinzile, kwaye ngenxa yeenkqubo zeengcambu ezisempilweni, ukuziqhelanisa kwazo nexesha lonyaka elomileyo kwaphucuka kakhulu.
Isiphelo
Kwindlela yokulandela iinjongo ezintathu zesivuno, umgangatho kunye nokuzinza kwezixhobo kwezolimo zaseMzantsi-mpuma Asia, ukuqonda okunzulu ngeenkqubo zendalo ezingaphantsi komhlaba kuye kwaba yinto entsha yokukhuphisana. Inkqubo yokujonga iprofayili yokufuma komhlaba enezingqimba ezininzi ze-HONDE, njenge-"probe ekrelekrele" efakwe nzulu emhlabeni, ivumela abalimi kunye nabaphathi ukuba baqhubeke nangokuqonda "babone" uhambo oluthe nkqo kunye nokuhlala kwamanzi emhlabeni okokuqala. Yaphelisa ukwenziwa kwezigqibo ezingaqondakaliyo ngokusekelwe kwiziganeko zomphezulu kwaye yazisa ixesha lolawulo olujulileyo noluchanekileyo olusekelwe kwiimfuno zokwenyani zomaleko weengcambu. Oku akupheleli nje ekuphuculweni kwetekhnoloji yokujonga, kodwa kukwangutshintsho olukhulu kwezolimo zasetropiki ukusuka ekulawuleni "ngaphezulu komphezulu" ukuya ekulawuleni inkqubo yendalo iyonke "ngaphantsi komphezulu". Ngokuqokelelwa kwedatha okuqhubekayo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweemodeli zohlalutyo lwe-AI, le mithombo yedatha yeprofayili yomhlaba eneenkcukacha ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuba ziziseko zedijithali eziqhuba ezolimo zaseMzantsi-mpuma Asia ukuba ziphendule kutshintsho lwemozulu kwaye zifezekise ukhuseleko lwamanzi nokutya.
Malunga neHONDE: Njengenkokeli kwi-intanethi yezolimo yezinto kunye nezisombululo zomhlaba wedijithali, iHONDE izinikele ekutyhileni nasekunikeni amandla iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo ezingabonakaliyo kwimveliso yezolimo ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha bokuqonda. Sinokuqonda okunzulu kobunzima bezolimo ezishushu kwaye sizimisele ukubonelela abathengi ngenkxaso yesigqibo sedatha egubungela umjikelo wobomi bezityalo ngokusebenzisa izisombululo zokujonga ezijikelezileyo ukusuka kwiindawo ezizodwa ukuya kumacandelo kunye nokusuka kumphezulu ukuya kumaleko anzulu. Kuhambo lokuvula amandla omhlaba waseMzantsi-mpuma Asia, iHONDE izimisele ukwabelana ngedatha enzulu nawe ukuze yamkele ikamva lezolimo ezichanekileyo.
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Ixesha leposi: Disemba-25-2025