Imfuno Yehlabathi Yezixhobo Zokubona Amanqanaba Amanzi Eradar Iyanda Njengoko Ixesha Lokukhukula Lisondela

Iincopho zeMfuno zeXesha leeNkcitho kwiiMarike eziphambili

Ngokuqala kweemvula zasentwasahlobo kunye nokulungiselela ulawulo lwezikhukula, imfuno yehlabathiizixhobo zokuvavanya amanqanaba amanzi kwiradarinyuke kakhulu. Ezi zixhobo zichanekileyo nezingenakunxibelelana zibalulekile ekujongeni imilambo, amachibi, kunye neenkqubo zamanzi amdaka, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezisengozini yezikhukula zonyaka. Iimarike eziphambili ziqukaUMntla Melika, iYurophu, kunye neAsia, apho oorhulumente kunye namashishini batyala imali eninzi kwizisombululo zolawulo lwamanzi ezikrelekrele210.

1. UMntla Melika: Ukulungela Izikhukula Kuqhubela Ukuthengwa

I-US neKhanada zijongene nokunyuka kwemfuno ngenxa yezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Iimfuneko ze-USGS kunye ne-NOAAukuze kujongwe umgangatho wamanzi ngexesha langempela kwiindawo ezisengozini yezikhukula9.
• Iiprojekthi zesixeko esikrelekreleukudibanisa izinzwa zeradar ezisebenza nge-IoT kwiinkqubo zokulumkisa kwangethuba12.
• Ukutshintshwa kwezinzwa ze-ultrasonic eziphelelwe lixeshangetekhnoloji yeradar ye-80GHz FMCW ethembekileyo ngakumbi12.

2. IYurophu: Imithetho Engqongqo Yokusingqongileyo

Amazwe afana neJamani neNetherlands abeka phambili:

• Ukuthotyelwa kwemiyalelo yeNkqubo-sikhokelo saManzi ye-EU, ezifuna izinzwa zeradar ezichanekileyo kakhulu (±2mm) kwimilambo nakwiindawo zokugcina amanzi710.
• Ukuphuculwa konyango lwamanzi amdaka, kunye neesensa eziqinisekisiweyo ze-ATEX kwiindawo ezinobungozi2.
• Udibaniso lweLoRaWAN/NB-IoTukubekwa esweni okukude, okwenziwa ngebhetri kwiindawo zasemaphandleni2.

3. I-Asia: Ulwandiso olukhawulezayo lweZiseko zoPhuhliso

I-China, i-India, kunye ne-Southeast Asia zikhokela ekukhuleni ngenxa yezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Amaphulo “eSponge City”ukusebenzisa izinzwa zeradar ukuphucula indlela yokuhambisa amanzi ezidolophini12.
• Ukulungela imvula enkulu, kunye neeyunithi zeradar eziphathwayo ezisetyenziselwa ukuqikelela izikhukhula12.
• Ulawulo lwamanzi ezolimo, apho izinzwa ezincinci zijonga imijelo yokunkcenkceshela10.
• 

Iindlela eziphambili zobuchwepheshe

• Iradar ye-80GHz FMCW: Ilawula imakethi ngobuchule obuphezulu obuyi-±2mm kunye nobuchule bokuhamba umgama omde (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-35m)712.
• Uqhagamshelo olungenazingcingo: I-RS485, i-GPRS, i-4G, i-Wi-Fi, i-LoRa, kunye ne-LoRaWAN zixhasa ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ngexesha langempela12.
• Uyilo olusebenzisa amandla aphantsi: Izinzwa ezisebenza ngebhetri (umz., ubomi beminyaka eli-14 ye-NIVUS) zinciphisa iindleko zokulungisa2.

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