Izicelo zeSensor yeGesi ekuJongweni nasekugcinweni koMgangatho waManzi

Isishwankathelo Ukwanda kwemizi-mveliso kunye nabemi kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kube negalelo elibalulekileyo ekonakaleni komgangatho wamanzi. Ezinye zeegesi ezivela kwizityalo zonyango lwamanzi ziyingozi kwaye ziyatsha, ekufuneka zichongwe, ezifana ne-hydrogen sulphide, i-carbon dioxide, i-methane, kunye ne-carbon monoxide. Iinkqubo zokujonga umgangatho wamanzi kufuneka zenziwe ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zomthetho, zokusingqongileyo, kunye nezentlalo. Ukujonga umgangatho wamanzi kunzima ngenxa yokwahluka, uhlobo, kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi lwezinto ezingcolisayo ekufuneka zifunyanwe. Igesi evela kwezi nkqubo zonyango idlala indima ebalulekileyo kunyango, esweni, nasekulawuleni amanzi. Izinzwa zegesi zingasetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokhuseleko kwinkqubo yokucoca amanzi. Izinzwa zegesi zifumana imiqondiso yokufaka kwi-chemical, physical, kunye ne-biological stimulus kwaye ziyiguqule zibe yimiqondiso yombane. Izinzwa zegesi zinokufakwa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwamanzi amdaka. Kolu phononongo, sibonisa inkqubela phambili yanamhlanje, uphuhliso olubalulekileyo, kunye nempumelelo yetekhnoloji ekhokelele kuphuhliso lwezinzwa zegesi zokuvavanya umgangatho wamanzi. Indima yezinzwa zegesi ekugcinweni nasekubekweni esweni komgangatho wamanzi iyaxoxwa, kwaye kushwankathelwe abahlalutyi abahlukeneyo kunye nobuchwepheshe bazo bokufumanisa kunye nezixhobo zokubona ezichaza iingenelo kunye neengxaki zazo. Okokugqibela, kuchazwe isishwankathelo kunye nombono wendlela yexesha elizayo yezinzwa zegesi ekubekweni esweni nasekugcinweni komgangatho wamanzi.

Amagama angundoqo Isixhobo sokuvavanya igesi/Umgangatho wamanzi/Unyango lwamanzi/Amanzi amdaka/Imfuneko yeoksijini yekhemikhali/Imfuneko yeoksijini yebhayoloji

Intshayelelo
Enye yezona ngxaki zibalulekileyo zokusingqongileyo ezijongene noluntu kukungcoliswa kwamanzi okwandayo kwihlabathi liphela ngamawaka eekhemikhali zendalo nezemizi-mveliso. Kuye kwabonakala ngakumbi kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yokwanda kwehlabathi, uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso, kunye nokwanda ngequbuliso kwabemi. Abantu abamalunga ne-3.4 yeebhiliyoni abanalo ukufikelela kumanzi okusela acocekileyo, nto leyo enxulumene nokufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwama-35% kumazwe asakhasayo [1]. Igama elithi amanzi amdaka lisetyenziselwa amanzi aqulethe inkunkuma yabantu, inkunkuma yasekhaya, inkunkuma yezilwanyana, amafutha, isepha, kunye neekhemikhali. Igama elithi sensor livela kwi-“sentio”, igama lesiLatini elithetha ukuqonda okanye ukuqaphela. I-sensor sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukubona i-analyte enomdla kwaye siphendula kubukho be-contaminant okanye i-analyte ekhoyo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, abantu baye baphucula iindlela zokufumanisa umgangatho wamanzi ukuze babone iibhaktheriya, iikhemikhali eziphilayo, kunye nezinga-organic kunye nezinye iiparameter (umz., i-pH, ubulukhuni (i-Ca kunye ne-Mg enyibilikisiweyo) kunye nokufuma (ububi). Ezi sensor zisetyenziselwa ukugcina nokujonga umgangatho wamanzi kunye nokukhusela abasebenzisi bamanzi. Ezi sensor zinokubekwa kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo, embindini, ngaphakathi okanye nakwindawo yokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo sokucoca amanzi. Umgangatho wamanzi ungajongwa kwi-intanethi okanye ngaphandle ngoncedo lwee sensor. Kule mihla, ukujonga amanzi kwi-intanethi kukhethwa ngenxa yokusabela ngokukhawuleza kwezi ntlobo zeenkqubo. Kukho ukunqongophala kwee sensor ezifanelekileyo ezinokusetyenziselwa ukujonga ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha langempela lokugcinwa kunye nokujonga umgangatho wamanzi. Enye yeendlela zonyango lwamanzi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kukulandelelanisa ii-batch reactors. Yinkqubo ye-sludge esebenzayo esetyenziselwa ukutyebisa i-sludge ngezinto eziphilayo eziqokelela i-phosphate. Uninzi lwee-reactors lusebenza ngokusekelwe kumanyathelo e-oine, oko kuthetha ukuba isampuli yedatha iphantsi kwaye iziphumo ziyalibaziseka. Yingxaki kwindlela efanelekileyo ulawulo lweenkqubo kunye nokwenza