Ukwanda koShishino kunye nokwanda kwabemi kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka adlulileyo kube negalelo elikhulu ekuthotyweni komgangatho wamanzi. Ezinye iigesi eziphuma kwimizi-mveliso yokucocwa kwamanzi zinetyhefu yaye ziyatsha, ekufuneka ziphawulwe, njengehydrogen sulfide, ikharbon diokside, imethane, necarbon monoxide. Iinkqubo zokuhlola umgangatho wamanzi kufuneka ziphuhliswe ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zomthetho, zokusingqongileyo, kunye nezentlalo. Ukubeka iliso kubulunga bamanzi kunzima ngenxa yokuguquguquka, indalo, kunye nezingcolisi ezisezantsi ezifuna ukubhaqwa. Irhasi ephuma kwezi nkqubo zonyango idlala indima ebalulekileyo kunyango lwamanzi, esweni, nasekulawuleni. Izinzwa zegesi zinokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokhuseleko kwinkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi. Izinzwa zegesi zifumana imiqondiso yokungena kwimichiza, ngokomzimba, kunye ne-biological stimulus kwaye ziguqulelwe kwiimpawu zombane. Izinzwa zerhasi zinokufakelwa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka. Kolu hlaziyo, sibonisa inkqubela-phambili yangoku, uphuhliso oluphawulekayo, kunye nempumelelo yezobuchwepheshe ekhokelele kuphuhliso lwezinzwa zegesi zokuvavanya umgangatho wamanzi. Indima yezinzwa zerhasi kugcino lomgangatho wamanzi kunye nokubeka iliso kuxoxiwe, kwaye abahlalutyi abahlukeneyo kunye nobuchwephesha bokubona kunye nemathiriyeli yokuva echaza izinto eziluncedo kunye nokungalunganga kuye kwashwankathelwa. Okokugqibela, isishwankathelo kunye nembonakalo yezalathiso zexesha elizayo zezinzwa zegesi ekujongweni nasekugcinweni komgangatho wamanzi zinikezelwe.
Amagama angundoqo Isivamvo segesi/Umgangatho wamanzi/Unyango lwamanzi/Amanzi amdaka/Imfuno yeoksijini yeChemical/Imfuno yebhayoloji yeoksijini
Intshayelelo
Omnye weyona miba ibalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo ejongene noluntu kukukhula kokungcoliseka kwamanzi okuxhaphakileyo ehlabathini ngamawaka eekhompawundi zendalo nemizi-mveliso. Ibalasele ngakumbi kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje ngenxa yokudityaniswa kwehlabathi, ushishino, kunye nokwanda ngequbuliso kwabemi. Malunga ne-3.4 yeebhiliyoni zabantu abanakho ukufikelela kumanzi okusela acocekileyo, nto leyo enxulunyaniswa ne-35% yabo bonke abantu ababhubhileyo kumazwe asakhasayo [1]. Igama elithi amanzi amdaka lisetyenziswa kumanzi aqulethe ilindle lomntu, ikhaya, ilindle yezilwanyana, amafutha, isepha, kunye neekhemikhali. Igama elithi "sensor" lithatyathwe kwigama elithi "sentio", igama lesiLatini elithetha ukuqonda okanye ukujonga. Inzwa sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa i-analyte yomdla kwaye iphendule kubukho bokungcola okanye uhlalutyi olukhoyo kwindawo. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, abantu baneendlela eziphambili zokubona ubulunga bamanzi ukuchonga ibhaktheriya, i-organic, kunye ne-inorganic chemi-cals kunye nezinye iiparameters (umzekelo, i-pH, ukuqina (i-dissolved Ca kunye ne-Mg) kunye ne-turbidity (i-cloudiness). I-sensors zisetyenziselwa ukugcina nokubeka esweni umgangatho wamanzi kunye nokukhusela abasebenzisi bamanzi. Ngezi ntsuku, ukujongwa kwamanzi kwi-intanethi kuyakhethwa ngenxa yokusabela ngokukhawuleza kolu hlobo lwezixokelelwano. Izinto eziphilayo (organisms) uninzi lwezixhobo zokwenza izinto zisebenza ngokusekwe kumanyathelo angekhoyo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ukuthatyathwa kwedatha kuphantsi kakhulu kwaye iziphumo zilibazisekile zingumqobo kulawulo olululo lweenkqubo
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-19-2024