Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yokutshintsha kwemozulu okuqinisiweyo kwihlabathi, ukujonga imvula echanekileyo kuye kubaluleke kakhulu kulawulo lwezandyondyo kunye nokupheliswa kwembalela, ulawulo lobutyebi bamanzi, kunye nophando ngemozulu. Izixhobo zokujonga imvula, njengesixhobo esisisiseko sokuqokelela idatha yemvula, iye yavela kwiigeyiji zemvula zoomatshini ukuya kwiinkqubo zoluvo olukrelekrele oludibanisa i-Intanethi yeZinto kunye nobuchwepheshe bobukrelekrele bokwenziwa. Eli nqaku liza kwazisa ngokubanzi iimpawu zobugcisa kunye neemeko ezihlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kweegeyiji zemvula kunye nezinzwa zemvula, kwaye zihlalutye isimo sangoku sokusetyenziswa kweteknoloji yokuhlola igesi yehlabathi. Ingqwalasela eyodwa iya kuhlawulwa kwiindlela zophuhliso kummandla wokubeka iliso kwigesi kumazwe afana ne-China ne-United States, inikezela ngenkqubela phambili yamva nje kunye neendlela zexesha elizayo zeteknoloji yokuhlola imvula kubafundi.
Ukuvela kobuchwepheshe kunye neempawu eziphambili zezixhobo zokujonga imvula
Imvula, njengekhonkco eliphambili kumjikelo wamanzi, umlinganiselo wayo ochanekileyo ubaluleke kakhulu kuqikelelo lwemozulu, uphando ngoxinzelelo lwendalo kunye nesilumkiso sentlekele kwangethuba. Izixhobo zokujonga imvula, emva kwekhulu leminyaka yophuhliso, zenze i-spectrum epheleleyo yobugcisa ukusuka kwizixhobo zendabuko ukuya kwi-high-tech sensors ezihlakaniphile, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokubeka iliso kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Izixhobo zangoku zokujonga ukuna kwemvula zibandakanya ubukhulu becala iigeyiji zemvula, iigeyiji zemvula zamabhakethi kunye nezixhobo zoluvo lwemvula ezivelayo zepiezoelectric, njl.
Igeyiji yemvula eqhelekileyo imele eyona ndlela isisiseko yomlinganiselo wemvula. Uyilo lwayo lulula kodwa luyasebenza. Iigeji zemvula eziqhelekileyo zidla ngokwenziwa ngentsimbi engenasici, ezinobubanzi obubambe amanzi Ф200±0.6mm. Bangakwazi ukulinganisa imvula kunye nobukhulu be-≤4mm / min, kunye nesisombululo se-0.2mm (ehambelana ne-6.28ml yomthamo wamanzi). Ngaphantsi kweemeko zovavanyo lwangaphakathi lwe-static, ukuchaneka kwabo kunokufikelela kwi-± 4%. Esi sixhobo somatshini asifuni ukunikezelwa kwamandla angaphandle kwaye sisebenza ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo ecocekileyo yomzimba. Ibonisa ukuthembeka okuphezulu kunye nokugcinwa lula. Uyilo lwenkangeleko yegeyiji yemvula nayo icokisekile. Ukukhutshwa kwemvula kwenziwa kwiphepha lensimbi engenasici ngokusebenzisa isitampu esipheleleyo kunye nomzobo, kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokuhamba kakuhle, elinokunciphisa ngempumelelo impazamo ebangelwa ukugcinwa kwamanzi. Iqamza lohlengahlengiso oluthe tyaba olusetiyo ngaphakathi lunceda abasebenzisi ukunyenyisa izixhobo ukuya kwezona meko zisebenzayo. Nangona iigeyiji zemvula zemveli zinemida ngokuzenzekela kunye nokukalwa kokusebenza, igunya ledatha yazo yokulinganisa lizenza zibe zizixhobo zokulinganisa kumasebe emozulu kunye ne-hydrological ukwenza uqwalaselo loshishino kunye nothelekiso ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje.
Isivamvo sokulinganisa imvula kwibhakethi siphumeze umtsi kumlinganiselo ozenzekelayo kunye nokuphuma kwedatha ngokwesiseko sesilinda yegeyiji yemvula. Olu hlobo lwesivamvo luguqula imvula ibe ngumqondiso wombane ngendlela eyilwe ngokucokisekileyo yebhakethi ephindwe kabini – xa enye yeebhakethi ifumana amanzi kwixabiso elimiselweyo (ngokuqhelekileyo i-0.1mm okanye i-0.2mm yemvula), ibhukuqa ngokwalo ngenxa yobunzima, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ivelisa isignali ye-pulse 710 ngentsimbi yemagnethi kunye ne-reed switch. Isivamvo sokulinganisa imvula ye-FF-YL eveliswe nguHebei Feimeng Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. ngummeli oqhelekileyo. Esi sixhobo samkela icandelo lebhakethi lokuncamisa elenziwe ngokubumba inaliti yeeplastiki zobunjineli. Inkqubo yenkxaso yenziwe kakuhle kwaye inomzuzu omncinci wokuxhathisa i-frictional. Ngoko ke, inomdla ekuphepheni kwaye inomsebenzi ozinzile. Isivamvo se-bucket ye-bucket ye-rain gauge ine-linearity elungileyo kunye nesakhono esinamandla sokuchasa ukuphazamiseka. Ngaphezu koko, i-funnel yenzelwe imingxunya ye-mesh ukuthintela amagqabi kunye nolunye udoti ekuthinteleni amanzi emvula ukuba angaphumi, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwiindawo ezingaphandle. Uluhlu lwe-TE525MM lwe-bucket gauge yemvula ye-emele ye-Campbell Scientific Company e-United States iphucule ukuchaneka komlinganiselo we-emele nganye ukuya kwi-0.1mm. Ngaphezu koko, impembelelo yomoya onamandla ekuchanekeni komlinganiselo inokuncitshiswa ngokukhetha i-windscreen, okanye i-interface engenazingcingo inokuxhotyiswa ukufikelela kwi-remote data transmission 10.
I-piezoelectric rain gauge sensor imele elona nqanaba liphezulu letekhnoloji yokujonga imvula yangoku. Ilahla ngokupheleleyo iindawo ezihambayo zoomatshini kwaye isebenzisa ifilimu ye-PVDF ye-piezoelectric njengesixhobo sokubona imvula. Ilinganisa imvula ngokuhlalutya umqondiso wamandla ekinetic oveliswa yimpembelelo yamathontsi emvula. Inzwa yemvula ye-FT-Y1 ye-piezoelectric eyenziwe ngu-Shandong Fengtu Internet of Things Technology Co., Ltd. yimveliso eqhelekileyo yobu buchwepheshe. Isebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-AI ye-neural edibeneyo ukuze ihlukanise izibonakaliso zemvula kwaye ikwazi ukuphepha ngokufanelekileyo izimbangela zobuxoki ezibangelwa ukuphazamiseka okufana nesihlabathi, uthuli, kunye ne-vibration 25. Le nzwa ineenzuzo ezininzi zokuguqulwa: idizayini edibeneyo engenazo izinto ezicacileyo kunye nokukwazi ukucoca ngaphandle kwezibonakaliso zokuphazamiseka kokusingqongileyo; Uluhlu lokulinganisa lubanzi (0-4mm / min), kwaye isisombululo siphezulu njenge-0.01mm. I-frequency yesampuli ikhawuleza (<1 isibini), kwaye inokubeka iliso kwixesha lemvula ngokuchanekileyo ukuya kweyesibini. Kwaye yamkela uyilo lomphezulu wonxibelelwano olumilise okwe-arc, ayiwagcini amanzi emvula, kwaye ifezekisa ngokwenyani ngaphandle kokulondolozwa. Uluhlu lweqondo lokushisa lokusebenza lwe-piezoelectric sensors lubanzi kakhulu (-40 ukuya kwi-85 ℃), kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwe-0.12W kuphela. Unxibelelwano lwedatha luphunyezwa ngojongano lwe-RS485 kunye ne-MODBUS protocol, iyenza ifaneleke kakhulu ukwakha inethiwekhi esasazwayo yokubeka iliso ekrelekrele.
Itheyibhile: Ukuthelekiswa kokuSebenza kweZixhobo zokuHlola iiMvula ezingundoqo
Uhlobo lwesixhobo, umgaqo wokusebenza, iingenelo kunye nezingeloncedo, ukuchaneka okuqhelekileyo, iimeko ezisebenzayo
Igeyiji yemvula eqhelekileyo iqokelela ngokuthe ngqo amanzi emvula ukwenzela umlinganiselo, enesakhiwo esilula, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, akukho mfuneko yobonelelo lwamandla kunye nokufunda ngesandla, kunye nomsebenzi omnye we ± 4% wezikhululo zemeteorology kunye neendawo zokujonga ngesandla.
Indlela yokulinganisa ibhakethi yebhakethi yemvula iguqula imvula ibe ziimpawu zombane zokulinganisa okuzenzekelayo. Idatha kulula ukuyihambisa. Amalungu oomatshini asenokuguga kwaye afune ukulungiswa rhoqo. ±3% (2mm/min ukuqina kwemvula) isikhululo semozulu esizenzekelayo, iindawo zokubeka iliso kumanzi
Isensom ye-piezoelectric rain gauge sensor yenza imiqondiso yombane ukusuka kumandla ekinetic wamathontsi emvula ukuze kuhlalutywe. Ayinamalungu ashukumayo, isisombululo esiphezulu, iindleko eziphezulu zokuchasana nokuphazamiseka, kwaye ifuna i-algorithm yokucwangcisa umqondiso we-≤± 4% ye-traffic meteorology, izikhululo ezizenzekelayo kwintsimi, kunye nezixeko ezihlakaniphile.
Ukongeza kwizixhobo zokubeka iliso ezisekelwe emhlabeni, itekhnoloji yokulinganisa imvula nayo iphuhlisa ngokubhekiselele kwi-space-based and air-based monitoring sensing monitoring. Irada yemvula esekwe emhlabeni inika amandla emvula ngokukhupha amaza ombane kunye nokuhlalutya i-echoes esasazekileyo yamafu kunye namasuntswana emvula. Inokufikelela kwinqanaba elikhulu lokubeka iliso eliqhubekayo, kodwa ichatshazelwa kakhulu kukuvalwa kwendawo kunye nezakhiwo zasezidolophini. Itekhnoloji yesathelayithi yezivamvo ezikude “ingayihoyi” imvula esemhlabeni. Phakathi kwazo, i-passive microwave sensing ekude isebenzisa uphazamiseko lwamasuntswana emvula kwimitha yangasemva ye-inversion, ngelixa i-remote ye-microwave esebenzayo (efana ne-DPR radar yesathelayithi ye-GPM) ikhupha ngokuthe ngqo imiqondiso kwaye ifumana i-echoes, kwaye ibala ukuqina kwemvula 49 ngobudlelwane be-ZR (Z=aR^b). Nangona itekhnoloji yezivamvo ekude inogutyulo olubanzi, ukuchaneka kwayo kusaxhomekeke ekulinganisweni kwedatha yegeyiji yemvula yomhlaba. Ngokomzekelo, uvavanyo kwi-Laoha River Basin yaseChina lubonisa ukuba ukuphambuka phakathi kwemveliso ye-satellite precipitation 3B42V6 kunye nokuqwalaselwa komhlaba yi-21%, ngelixa ukuphambuka kwemveliso yexesha langempela le-3B42RT iphezulu njenge-81%.
Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zokujonga imvula kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokubanzi imiba efana nokuchaneka komlinganiselo, ukuguquguquka kokusingqongileyo, iimfuno zolondolozo kunye neendleko. Iigeyiji zemvula zemveli zifanelekile njengezixhobo zereferensi zokuqinisekiswa kwedatha. Igauji yemvula yebhakethi yokuncamisa ibetha ulungelelwaniso phakathi kweendleko kunye nokusebenza kwaye lubumbeko olusemgangathweni kwizikhululo zemozulu ezizenzekelayo. I-Piezoelectric sensors, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwazo okusingqongileyo kunye nenqanaba elikrelekrele, ngokuthe ngcembe zandisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwinkalo yokubekwa kweliso okhethekileyo. Ngophuhliso lwe-Intanethi yeZinto kunye nobuchwephesha bobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, uthungelwano lokubeka iliso oluhlanganisiweyo lwetekhnoloji eninzi luya kuba yindlela yexesha elizayo, ukuphumeza inkqubo yokuhlola imvula ebanzi edibanisa amanqaku kunye nemiphezulu kwaye idibanisa umoya nomhlaba.
Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokujonga imvula
Idata yokuna kwemvula, njengeyona parameter yemozulu nehydrological, yandisile imimandla yesicelo ukusuka kuqwalaselo lwemozulu lwemveli ukuya kwiinkalo ezininzi ezifana nolawulo lwezandyondyo zasezidolophini, imveliso yezolimo, kunye nolawulo lwezothutho, zenza inkqubo ejikelezayo yokusetyenziswa equka amashishini abalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwesizwe. Ngokuqhubela phambili kobuchwephesha bokubeka iliso kunye nokuphuculwa kwezakhono zokuhlalutya idatha, izixhobo zokujonga imvula zidlala indima ephambili kwiimeko ezininzi, ukubonelela ngesiseko senzululwazi kuluntu loluntu ukujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nemingeni yobutyebi bamanzi.
Ukujongwa kweMeteorological and hydrological kunye nesilumkiso sentlekele kwangethuba
Ukujongwa kweMeteorological and hydrological monitoring yeyona ndawo yemveli nebalulekileyo yezixhobo zemvula. Kuthungelwano lwesikhululo soqwalaselo lwemozulu kuzwelonke, iigeyiji zemvula kunye neegeyiji zemvula zamabhakethi zenza isiseko sokuqokelela idatha yemvula. Ezi nkcukacha azikho kuphela iiparameters zegalelo ezibalulekileyo zokubikezela imozulu, kodwa kunye neenkcukacha ezisisiseko zophando lwemozulu. I-MESO-scale rain gauge network (MESONET) esungulwe eMumbai ibonise ixabiso lenethiwekhi yokubeka iliso yoxinaniso oluphezulu - ngokuhlalutya idatha yexesha le-monsoon ukusuka kwi-2020 ukuya ku-2022, abaphandi babala ngempumelelo ukuba isantya esihambayo semvula enkulu yayiyi-10.3-17.4 yeekhilomitha ngeyure, kunye ne-20. Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo zibaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni imodeli yoqikelelo lwemvula ezidolophini. E-China, i-"14th Year Plan for Hydrological Development" ichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuphucula uthungelwano lokujongwa kwamanzi, ukwandisa ukuxinana kunye nokuchaneka kokuhlolwa kwemvula, kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso yokulawula izikhukhula kunye nokwenza izigqibo zokunciphisa imbalela.
Kwinkqubo yokulumkisa kwangaphambili kwezandyondyo, idatha yokujonga imvula ngexesha lokwenyani idlala indima engenakuthathelwa indawo. Izixhobo zoluvo lwemvula zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kulawulo oluzenzekelayo lwe-hydrological kunye neenkqubo zokunika ingxelo ezijolise kulawulo lwezandyondyo, ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi, kunye nolawulo lwemeko yamanzi kwizikhululo zamandla kunye namadama. Xa ubuninzi bemvula budlula umda obekiweyo, inkqubo inokuthi iqalise isilumkiso ngokuzenzekelayo ukukhumbuza iindawo ezisezantsi ukuba zenze amalungiselelo okulawula izikhukhula. Umzekelo, i-bucket tipping sensor yemvula i-FF-YL inomsebenzi we-alarm yamaxesha amathathu emvula. Inokukhupha amanqanaba ahlukeneyo esandi, ukukhanya kunye ne-alamu yezwi ngokusekelwe kwimvula eqokelelweyo, ngaloo ndlela uthenge ixesha elixabisekileyo lokuthintela intlekele kunye nokunciphisa. Isisombululo sokujongwa kwemvula engenazingcingo yeCampbell Scientific Company e-United States ibona ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ngexesha langempela nge-CWS900 series interface, iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokubeka iliso nge-10.
Ulawulo lwedolophu kunye nezicelo zothutho
Ukwakhiwa kwezixeko ezihlakaniphile kuzise iimeko ezintsha zokufaka izicelo kubuchwephesha bokujongwa kwemvula. Ekubekeni iliso kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi ezidolophini, izinzwa zemvula ezisasaziweyo ezisasaziweyo zinokububamba ubunzulu bemvula kwindawo nganye ngexesha lokwenyani. Ngokudityaniswa nemodeli yothungelwano lokuhambisa amanzi, banokuqikelela umngcipheko wokukhukula kwedolophu kunye nokwandisa ukuthunyelwa kwezikhululo zokumpompa. Izinzwa zemvula ye-Piezoelectric, kunye nobukhulu bawo obuncinci (njenge-FT-Y1) kunye nokuguquguquka okunamandla kokusingqongileyo, zifanelekile ngokukodwa ukufakwa okufihliweyo kwiindawo zasezidolophini 25. Amasebe okulawula izikhukhula kwii-megacities ezifana neBeijing sele eqalise ukuvavanya uthungelwano lokujonga imvula ehlakaniphile ngokusekelwe kwi-Intanethi yezinto. Ngokudityaniswa kwedatha yeenzwa ezininzi, bajolise ekufezekiseni ukuqikelelwa okuchanekileyo kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwizikhukhula zasezidolophini.
Kwinkalo yolawulo lwezithuthi, izinzwa zemvula ziye zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeenkqubo zothutho ezikrelekrele. Izixhobo zokuna kwemvula ezifakelwe ecaleni kwendlela kunye neendlela ezikhawulezayo zasezidolophini zinokubeka esweni ubungakanani bemvula ngexesha lokwenyani. Xa kubhaqwe imvula enkulu, ziyakubangela ngokuzenzekelayo iimpawu zemiyalezo eguquguqukayo ukukhupha izilumkiso zomda wesantya okanye kusebenze inkqubo yokuhambisa itonela. Eyona nto iphawuleka ngakumbi kukuthandwa kwezinzwa zemvula yemoto - ezi zinzwa ze-optical okanye i-capacitive, ngokuqhelekileyo zifihlwe emva kwe-wiper windshield, ziyakwazi ukulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo isantya se-wiper ngokwenani lemvula ewela kwiglasi, ukuphucula kakhulu ukhuseleko lokuqhuba kwimozulu yemvula. Imakethi yehlabathi yenzwa yemvula yeemoto ilawulwa ikakhulu ngababoneleli abanje ngeKostar, iBosch, kunye neDenso. Ezi zixhobo zichanekileyo zibonisa inqanaba lokusika leteknoloji yokubona imvula.
Imveliso yezolimo kunye nophando lwendalo
Uphuhliso lwezolimo oluchanekileyo alunakwahlulwa kuhlolo lwemvula kwizinga lentsimi. Idatha yemvula inceda amafama ukuba asebenzise izicwangciso zokunkcenkceshela, ukuphepha ukuchithwa kwamanzi ngelixa eqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zamanzi zezityalo ziyafezekiswa. Izivamvo zemvula (ezifana neegeyiji zemvula yentsimbi engenakutyiwa) zixhotyiswe kwizikhululo zemozulu zezolimo nezamahlathi zineempawu zesakhono esinamandla sokuchasa umhlwa kunye nomgangatho obalaseleyo wenkangeleko, kwaye zinokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo kwindawo yasendle ixesha elide. Kwiindawo ezineenduli kunye neentaba, uthungelwano olusasaziweyo lokujongwa kwemvula lunokuthi lubambe iyantlukwano yesithuba kwimvula kwaye lunike iingcebiso zomntu ngamnye kwezolimo kwiziza ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye iifama ezihambele phambili ziqalisile ukuzama ukudibanisa idatha yokuna kwemvula kunye neenkqubo zokunkcenkceshela ezizenzekelayo ukuphumeza ulawulo lwamanzi olukrelekrele lokwenene.
Uphando lwe-Ecohydrology lukwaxhomekeke kuqwalaselo lwemvula ekumgangatho ophezulu. Kuphononongo lwee-ecosystems zamahlathi, ujongo lwemvula phakathi kwehlathi lunokuhlalutya isiphumo sokucanda kwe-canopy kwimvula. Ekukhuselweni komhlaba omanzi, idatha yemvula ligalelo eliphambili lokubala ibhalansi yamanzi; Kwintsimi yokugcinwa komhlaba kunye namanzi, ulwazi lwemvula yemvula luhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokuchaneka kwemizekelo yokukhukuliseka komhlaba 17. Abaphandi kwi-Old Ha River Basin yase-China basebenzisa idatha ye-gauge yemvula yomhlaba ukuvavanya ukuchaneka kweemveliso ze-satellite precipitation ezifana ne-TRMM kunye ne-CMORPH, ukubonelela ngesiseko esibalulekileyo sokuphucula i-algorithms yokuvalelwa kude. Olu hlobo lwendlela yokubek' esweni "indawo-yomhlaba edityanisiweyo" iba yiparadigm entsha kuphando lwe-eco-hydrology.
Imimandla ekhethekileyo kunye nezicelo ezivelayo
Ishishini lamandla kunye namandla nalo sele liqalisile ukuncamathela ukubaluleka kwixabiso lokujongwa kwemvula. Iifama zomoya zisebenzisa idatha yokuna kwemvula ukuvavanya umngcipheko wokukhenkceza kweeblade, ngelixa izikhululo zombane wamanzi zikhulisa izicwangciso zazo zokuvelisa amandla ngokusekwe kuqikelelo lwemvula yesiseko. I-piezoelectric rain gauge sensor FT-Y1 isetyenzisiwe kwinkqubo yokubeka iliso yokusingqongileyo kwiifama zomoya. Uluhlu olubanzi lobushushu bokusebenza lwayo lwe--40 ukuya kwi-85 ℃ lufaneleke ngakumbi ukubeka iliso ixesha elide phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezinzima.
Indawo ye-aerospace ineemfuno ezikhethekileyo zokujongwa kwemvula. Uthungelwano lokujongwa kwemvula ejikeleze umgaqo weenqwelomoya wesikhululo seenqwelomoya lubonelela ngesiqinisekiso sokhuseleko lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, ngelixa indawo yokuqalisa i-rocket kufuneka ibambe ngokuchanekileyo imeko yemvula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lokuqaliswa. Phakathi kwezi zicelo ziphambili, iigeyiji zemvula ezithembeke kakhulu (ezifana neCampbell TE525MM) zihlala zikhethwa njengezinzwa eziphambili. Ukuchaneka kwazo ±1% (phantsi kokuqina kwemvula ≤10mm/hr) kunye noyilo olunokuthi luxhotyiswe ngezangqa ezingangeni moya ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yoshishino engqongqo 10.
Amacandelo ophando lwenzululwazi kunye nemfundo nawo ayandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokujonga imvula. Izixhobo zoluvo lokuna kwemvula zisetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokufundisa nezokulinga kwimeteorology, ihydrology kunye nenzululwazi yendalo esingqongileyo kwiikholeji nakwizikolo zasesekondari zobugcisa ukunceda abafundi baqonde umgaqo womlinganiselo wemvula. Iiprojekthi zenzululwazi yabemi zikhuthaza intatho-nxaxheba yoluntu kuqwalaselo lwemvula nokwandisa ukugquma kothungelwano lokubeka iliso ngokusebenzisa iigeyiji zemvula ezingabizi kakhulu. Inkqubo yemfundo ye-GPM (i-Global Precipitation Measurement) e-United States ibonisa ngokucacileyo imigaqo kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-remote sensing kubafundi ngohlalutyo oluthelekisayo lwedatha yesathelayithi kunye nemvula emhlabeni.
Ngophuhliso lwe-Intanethi yeZinto, idatha enkulu kunye netekhnoloji yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, ukujonga imvula kuvela kumlinganiselo omnye wemvula ukuya kwimbono yentsebenziswano yeeparamitha ezininzi kunye nenkxaso yezigqibo ezikrelekrele. Inkqubo yokujonga imvula yexesha elizayo iya kuhlanganiswa ngokusondeleyo kunye nezinye izinzwa zokusingqongileyo (ezifana nokufuma, isantya somoya, ukufuma komhlaba, njl.njl.) ukwenza uthungelwano olubanzi lombono wokusingqongileyo, ukubonelela ngenkxaso yedatha ebanzi nechanekileyo kuluntu loluntu ukujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nemingeni yobutyebi bamanzi.
Ukuthelekisa imeko yangoku yesicelo sobuchwephesha bokuhlola igesi yehlabathi kunye namazwe
Itekhnoloji yokubeka iliso kwigesi, njengokubeka iliso kwimvula, licandelo elibalulekileyo kwinkalo yembono yokusingqongileyo kwaye idlala indima ephambili kutshintsho lwemozulu yehlabathi, ukhuseleko lwamashishini, impilo yoluntu kunye neminye imiba. Ngokusekwe kulwakhiwo lwabo lwemizi-mveliso, imigaqo-nkqubo yokusingqongileyo kunye namanqanaba obuchwepheshe, amazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla abonisa iipatheni zophuhliso olwahlukileyo kuphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha bokuhlola igesi. Njengelizwe elikhulu lemveliso kunye neziko leteknoloji elivela ngokukhawuleza elikhulayo, i-China yenze inkqubela phambili ephawulekayo kuphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zegesi. I-United States, ixhomekeke kumandla ayo obuchwepheshe obuqinileyo kunye nenkqubo esemgangathweni epheleleyo, igcina indawo ehamba phambili kwi-teknoloji yokubeka iliso kwi-gas kunye neendawo zokusetyenziswa kwexabiso eliphezulu. Amazwe aseYurophu akhuthaza ukusungulwa kobugcisa bokubeka iliso kunye nemithetho engqongqo yokukhuselwa kwendalo. IJapan kunye neSouth Korea zikwizikhundla ezibalulekileyo kubathengi be-elektroniki kunye ne-automotive sensors yegesi.
Uphuhliso kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweTekhnoloji yokuJonga iGesi eChina
Itekhnoloji yokubeka iliso yerhasi yaseTshayina ibonise uphuhliso olukhawulezayo kule minyaka yamva nje kwaye yenze inkqubela encomekayo kwiinkalo ezininzi ezifana nokhuseleko lwamashishini, ukujonga imekobume kunye nempilo yezonyango. Isikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuqhuba ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kwemarike yokuhlola igesi yaseTshayina. "Isicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu ye-14 seMveliso yoKhuseleko lweMichiza enobungozi" ifuna ngokucacileyo iipaki zemizi-mveliso yeekhemikhali ukuseka i-full-coverage epheleleyo yokuhlola igesi enetyhefu kunye neyingozi kunye nenkqubo yokulumkisa kwangaphambili kunye nokukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kweqonga lokulawula umngcipheko ohlakaniphile. Phantsi kwale mvelaphi yomgaqo-nkqubo, izixhobo zokuhlola igesi yasekhaya ziye zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini asemngciphekweni omkhulu afana neekhemikhali zepetroli kunye nemigodi yamalahle. Umzekelo, i-electrochemical detectors yegesi eyityhefu kunye ne-infrared yegesi evuthayo ziye zaba lulungelelwaniso oluqhelekileyo lokhuseleko lwamashishini.
Kwinkalo yokubeka iliso kokusingqongileyo, i-China iye yaseka uthungelwano lwehlabathi lokubeka iliso lomgangatho womoya, olugubungela inqanaba lesithili se-338 nangaphezulu kwezixeko kwilizwe liphela. Olu nxibelelwano lubeka iliso ikakhulu kwiiparamitha ezintandathu, ezizezi, SO₂, NO₂, CO, O₃, PM₂.₅ kunye ne-PM₁₀, phakathi kwazo ezine zokuqala zonke zizingcolisi zegesi. Idatha evela kwiZiko leSizwe lokuHlola iNdalo yaseTshayina ibonisa ukuba ukususela ngo-2024, kukho izikhululo ezingaphezulu kwe-1,400 zezinga lesizwe lokuhlola umgangatho womoya, zonke zixhotyiswe ngabahlalutyi begesi abazenzekelayo. Idatha yexesha langempela yenziwe ifumaneke kuluntu ngokusebenzisa "i-National Urban Air Quality Release Release Platform". Lo mthamo mkhulu kunye noxineneyo olukhulu lokubeka iliso lubonelela ngesiseko senzululwazi kwizenzo zaseTshayina zokuthintela nokulawula ukungcoliseka komoya.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-11-2025