Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, urhulumente waseKenya kunye namaqabane aphesheya baye bonyusa kakhulu amandla okujonga imozulu yelizwe ngokwandisa ukwakhiwa kwezikhululo zemozulu kulo lonke ilizwe ukunceda abalimi ukuba bajongane ngcono nemingeni ebangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu. Eli phulo aligcini nje ngokuphucula ukuqina kwemveliso yezolimo, kodwa likwabonelela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwaseKenya.
Imvelaphi: Imingeni yotshintsho lwemozulu
Njengelizwe elibalulekileyo kwezolimo eMpuma Afrika, uqoqosho lwaseKenya luxhomekeke kakhulu kwezolimo, ingakumbi imveliso yabalimi abancinci. Nangona kunjalo, ukwanda kweziganeko zemozulu ezimbi kakhulu ezibangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu, njengembalela, izikhukula kunye neemvula ezinkulu, kuye kwayichaphazela kakhulu imveliso yezolimo kunye nokhuseleko lokutya. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, iindawo ezithile zaseKenya ziye zafumana imbalela enzima eye yanciphisa izityalo, yabulala imfuyo yaze yabangela nengxaki yokutya. Ukujongana nale mingeni, uRhulumente waseKenya ugqibe ekubeni aqinise inkqubo yakhe yokubeka esweni imozulu kunye nenkqubo yokulumkisa kwangethuba.
Ukuqaliswa kweprojekthi: Ukukhuthaza izitishi zemozulu
Ngowama-2021, iSebe leMeteorological laseKenya, lisebenzisana nemibutho emininzi yamazwe ngamazwe, laqalisa inkqubo yokufikelela kuzwelonke kwizitishi zemozulu. Le projekthi ijolise ekuboneleleni ngedatha yemozulu ngexesha langempela ngokufakela izitishi zemozulu ezizenzekelayo (AWS) ukunceda abalimi kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni ukuba baqikelele ngcono utshintsho lwemozulu kwaye baphuhlise amaqhinga okujongana nayo.
Ezi zikhululo zemozulu ezizenzekelayo ziyakwazi ukujonga idatha ebalulekileyo yemozulu efana nobushushu, ukufuma, imvula, isantya somoya kunye necala, kwaye zidlulisele idatha kwisiseko sedatha esiphakathi ngenethiwekhi engenazingcingo. Abalimi banokufikelela kolu lwazi ngeSMS okanye i-app ezinikeleyo, ebavumela ukuba bacwangcise ukutyala, ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokuvuna.
Isifundo setyala: Uqheliselo kwiSithili saseKitui
ISithili saseKitui sisithili esomileyo empuma yeKenya esijongene nokunqongophala kwamanzi kunye nokusilela kwezityalo ixesha elide. Ngo-2022, isithili safaka izitishi zemozulu ezili-10 ezizenzekelayo ezigubungela iindawo eziphambili zezolimo. Ukusebenza kwezi zitishi zemozulu kuye kwaphucula kakhulu amandla abalimi basekuhlaleni okujongana notshintsho lwemozulu.
Umlimi wasekuhlaleni uMary Mutua uthe: “Ngaphambili bekufuneka sithembele kumava ukuze sigwebe imozulu, rhoqo ngenxa yembalela ekhawulezileyo okanye iimvula ezinkulu kunye nelahleko. Ngoku, ngedatha ebonelelwe zizitishi zemozulu, singalungiselela kwangaphambili kwaye sikhethe izityalo ezifanelekileyo kunye namaxesha okutyala.”
Amagosa ezolimo kwiSithili saseKitui aqaphele nokuba ukusasazeka kwezitishi zemozulu akuncedi nje kuphela abalimi ukwandisa isivuno sabo, kodwa kunciphise nelahleko kwezoqoqosho ngenxa yemozulu embi kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, ukusukela oko isitishi semozulu saqaliswa ukusebenza, isivuno sezityalo kwisithili sinyuke ngomyinge we-15 ekhulwini, kwaye ingeniso yabalimi nayo inyukile.
Intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nenkxaso yobugcisa
Ukuqaliswa kwezitishi zemozulu zaseKenya kuxhaswe yimibutho emininzi yamazwe ngamazwe, kuquka iBhanki yeHlabathi, iNkqubo yoPhuhliso lweZizwe eziManyeneyo (i-UNDP) kunye nemibutho emininzi engekho phantsi korhulumente. Le mibutho ayinikelanga ngenkxaso-mali kuphela, kodwa ikwathumele neengcali ukuba zincede iNkonzo yeMeteorological yaseKenya ngoqeqesho lobugcisa kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo.
UJohn Smith, ingcali yotshintsho lwemozulu kwiBhanki yeHlabathi, uthe: “Iprojekthi yesitishi semozulu eKenya ngumzekelo ophumeleleyo wendlela umngeni wotshintsho lwemozulu onokuhlangatyezwa ngayo ngokusebenzisa ubuchule betekhnoloji kunye nentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe. Sinethemba lokuba le modeli inokuphindaphindwa nakwamanye amazwe aseAfrika.”
Imbono yexesha elizayo: Ulwandiso olubanzi lwemicimbi
Kufakwe izitishi zemozulu ezizenzekelayo ezingaphezu kwama-200 kulo lonke ilizwe, zigubungela iindawo ezibalulekileyo zezolimo kunye neemeko ezichaphazeleka yimozulu. I-Kenya Meteorological Service iceba ukwandisa inani lezitishi zemozulu ukuya kuma-500 kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo ukuze kwandiswe ngakumbi ukugubungela kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka kwedatha.
Ukongeza, urhulumente waseKenya uceba ukudibanisa idatha yemozulu neenkqubo zeinshorensi yezolimo ukunceda abalimi ukunciphisa ilahleko ngexesha leemeko zemozulu ezimbi kakhulu. Eli nyathelo kulindeleke ukuba liphucule ngakumbi amandla abalimi okuxhathisa iingozi kwaye likhuthaze uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwezolimo.
Isiphelo
Ibali lempumelelo yezikhululo zemozulu eKenya libonisa ukuba ngokusebenzisa ubugcisa obutsha kunye nentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe, amazwe asakhulayo anokujongana ngempumelelo nomceli mngeni wotshintsho lwemozulu. Ukusasazeka kwezikhululo zemozulu akuphuculanga nje kuphela ukuqina kwemveliso yezolimo, kodwa kukwanike inkxaso enamandla kukhuseleko lokutya lwaseKenya kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho. Ngokwandiswa ngakumbi kwale projekthi, kulindeleke ukuba iKenya ibe ngumzekelo wokumelana nemozulu kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo kummandla waseAfrika.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-03-2025