IBrazil, ilizwe elaziwa ngemozulu yalo eyahlukeneyo kunye notshintsho olukhulu lwexesha lonyaka, ingakumbi lifumana umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwexesha layo lemvula nelomileyo. Olu tshintsho lufuna iinkqubo zokubeka esweni imvula ezisebenzayo ukulawula izixhobo zamanzi ezixabisekileyo zelizwe ngokufanelekileyo. Esinye sezixhobo eziphambili ekufezekiseni oku sisikali semvula, esidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ulawulo lwezikhukula zasezidolophini, ulawulo lwamanzi ezolimo, kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo.
1. Ulawulo lweZikhukula zasezidolophini
Kwizixeko zaseBrazil, imvula enkulu ngexesha lemvula inokukhokelela kwizikhukula ezinkulu, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo kwiziseko zophuhliso kwaye ibeke umngcipheko kukhuseleko loluntu. Ukusasazwa kweegeyiji zemvula kuzo zonke iindawo zasezidolophini kuye kwabonakala kuluncedo ekulawuleni izikhukula. Ngokubonelela ngedatha echanekileyo nefike ngexesha malunga nobukhulu bemvula kunye nokuqokelelwa kwayo, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banokuphuhlisa amaqhinga okuphendula kwizikhukula asebenzayo.
Umzekelo, kwizixeko ezifana neSão Paulo kunye neRio de Janeiro, idatha yexesha langempela evela kwiigeyiji zemvula ivumela abacwangcisi bezixeko ukuba bayile kwaye bakhe iinkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi ezisebenza kakuhle ezilungiselelwe iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zeendawo abahlala kuzo. Le ndlela yokuzikhusela ayigcini nje ngokunciphisa iimpembelelo zezikhukula kodwa ikwaphucula ukhuseleko loluntu kwaye inciphisa ilahleko kwezoqoqosho ezinxulumene neentlekele ezinxulumene namanzi.
2. Ulawulo lwaManzi eZolimo
Ulimo luphawu olubalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseBrazil, kwaye ukukwazi ukulawula imithombo yamanzi ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile kubalimi. Iirain gauge zibonelela ngedatha ebalulekileyo enceda abalimi ukuba benze izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nokutyala nokuvuna izityalo. Ngokujonga iipatheni zemvula, abalimi banokuqonda ngcono ukuba batyale nini, baqinisekise iimeko zokukhula ezifanelekileyo kwaye bavelise isivuno esiphezulu.
Umzekelo, ngexesha lemvula eyomileyo, abalimi banokusebenzisa idatha yokulinganisa imvula ukucwangcisa ukunkcenkceshela ngokufanelekileyo, ukugcina amanzi nokuqinisekisa ukuba izityalo zifumana ukufuma okwaneleyo. Olu lawulo lwamanzi oluchanekileyo lukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukulahleka kwezityalo kunye nokuphucula imveliso, nto leyo ephucula ukhuseleko lokutya kweli lizwe.
3. Ukhuseleko lweNdalo
Ihlathi lemvula laseAmazon, elidla ngokubizwa ngokuba “yimiphunga yoMhlaba,” lijongene nemingeni emininzi yokusingqongileyo, kuquka ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye notshintsho lwemozulu. Iigeyiji zemvula zibalulekile ekujongeni iipateni zemvula kunye nokuqonda imiphumo yazo kule nkqubo ibalulekileyo yendalo. Olu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu kubaphandi kunye neengcali zokusingqongileyo abasebenza ukukhusela iAmazon, njengoko inceda ukulandelela utshintsho kwimvula olunokuchaphazela iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nempilo yamahlathi.
Ngokugcina uthungelwano lweegeyiji zemvula kummandla weAmazon, izazinzulu zinokuhlalutya indlela utshintsho kwimvula oluchaphazela ngayo amanqanaba amanzi kwimilambo nakwimilambo, kunye nempilo iyonke yehlathi lemvula. Olu lwazi lubalulekile ekuphuhliseni amaqhinga okulondoloza kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ejolise ekugcineni ilifa lendalo elityebileyo laseBrazil.
Isiphelo
Ukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kweegeyiji zemvula eBrazil kuye kwavelisa iingenelo ezibalulekileyo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo. Kwiindawo zasezidolophini, zinceda kulawulo lwezikhukula kunye nocwangciso lweziseko zophuhliso, zinegalelo kukhuseleko loluntu kunye nokuqina koqoqosho. Kwezolimo, zixhasa ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwemithombo yamanzi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphuculweni kwesivuno sezityalo kunye nokuzinza. Ngaphezu koko, iigeyiji zemvula zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphando lwendalo kunye nemizamo yolondolozo, ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kweendawo eziphilayo ezibalulekileyo njengehlathi lemvula laseAmazon.
Njengoko iBrazil iqhubeka nokujongana nokuguquguquka kwemozulu kunye nemingeni yokusingqongileyo, indima yezixhobo zokulinganisa imvula iya kuba yinto ebaluleke ngakumbi. Ukutyala imali kubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokujonga imvula kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kulo lonke ilizwe kuya kuba yimfuneko ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwezixhobo zamanzi kwiminyaka ezayo.
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Ixesha leposi: Meyi-27-2025