UNjingalwazi Boyd uxoxa ngenguqu ebalulekileyo, ebangela uxinzelelo enokubulala okanye ibangele ukungatyi ukutya, ukukhula kancinci kunye nokuchaphazeleka kakhulu zizifo.
Kuyaziwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi beentlanzi ukuba ukufumaneka kokutya kwendalo kunciphisa imveliso ye-shrimp kunye neentlobo ezininzi zeentlanzi emachibini ukuya kuthi ga kwi-500 kg ngehektare nganye ngesityalo (kg/ha/isityalo). Kwinkcubeko ekhula kancinci enezondlo ezenziweyo kunye nokutshintshiselana kwamanzi imihla ngemihla kodwa kungekho moya, imveliso idla ngokufikelela kwi-1,500–2,000 kg/ha/isityalo, kodwa xa isivuno sikhulu, ubungakanani bokutya obufunekayo bubangela umngcipheko ophezulu woxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-DO. Ke ngoko, i-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo (DO) lutshintsho olubalulekileyo ekukhuleni kwesivuno se-aquaculture yedama.
Umoya ongenisiweyo ngoomatshini ungafakwa ukwandisa ubungakanani bokutya okunokwenzeka kwaye kuvumele isivuno esikhulu. Ihashe ngalinye ngehektare nganye yomoya ongenisiweyo liya kuvumela malunga ne-10-12 kg/ha yokutya imihla ngemihla kwiintlobo ezininzi zezityalo. Imveliso ye-10,000–12,000 kg/ha/isityalo ayiqhelekanga xa umoya ungenisiwe. Isivuno esikhulu nangakumbi sinokufumaneka kumachibi afakwe iplastiki kunye neetanki ezinamazinga aphezulu omoya ongenisiweyo.
Akukho mntu uva ngokufuthaniseka okanye uxinzelelo olunxulumene neoksijini kwimveliso yeenkukhu, iihagu kunye neenkomo ezikhuliswe ngobuninzi, kodwa ezi zinto zixhaphakile kwi-aquaculture. Izizathu zokuba ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo ibaluleke kangaka kwi-aquaculture ziya kuchazwa.
Umoya okufutshane nomphezulu womhlaba uqulethe i-20.95% yeoksijini, i-78.08% yeoksijini, kunye neepesenti ezincinci zekhabhoni diokside kunye nezinye iigesi. Ubungakanani beoksijini yemolekyuli efunekayo ukugcwala amanzi acocekileyo kuxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lomoya (iimililitha ezingama-760 zemercury) kunye nama-30 degrees-C yi-7.54 mg ngelitha (mg/L). Kakade ke, emini xa ifotosinthesisi iqhubeka, amanzi echibini adla ngokugcwala kakhulu nge-DO (uxinzelelo lunokuba yi-10 mg/L okanye ngaphezulu emanzini angaphezulu), kuba imveliso yeoksijini ngefotosinthesisi inkulu kunokulahlekelwa yioksijini ngokuphefumla kunye nokusasazwa emoyeni. Ebusuku xa ifotosinthesisi iyeka, uxinano lweoksijini olunyibilikisiweyo luya kuncipha - ngamanye amaxesha ngaphantsi kwe-3 mg/L kudla ngokuthathwa njengoxinano oluncinci olwamkelekileyo kwiintlobo ezininzi zasemanzini ezifuywayo.
Izilwanyana zasemhlabeni ziphefumla umoya ukuze zifumane ioksijini yemolekyuli, efunxwa nge-alveoli emiphungeni yazo. Iintlanzi kunye nee-shrimp kufuneka zipompe amanzi kwiigill zazo ukuze zifunxe ioksijini yemolekyuli nge-lamellae yazo yeegill. Umgudu wokuphefumla okanye wokupompa amanzi kwiigill ufuna amandla ngokulingana nobunzima bomoya okanye amanzi abandakanyekayo.
Ubunzima bomoya namanzi ekufuneka buphefumlwe okanye bupompelwe ukuze kuvele umphezulu wokuphefumla kwi-1.0 mg yeoksijini yemolekyuli buza kubalwa. Ngenxa yokuba umoya uyi-20.95% yeoksijini, malunga ne-4.8 mg yomoya iya kuba ne-1.0 mg yeoksijini.
Kwichibi leeshrimp elinamanzi aqulethe ityuwa engama-30 ppt kuma-30 degrees-C (ubuninzi bamanzi = 1.0180 g/L) uxinaniso lweoksijini enyibilikisiweyo xa umoya ugcwele yi-6.39 mg/L. Umthamo wamanzi oyi-0.156 L ungaqulatha i-1.0 mg yeoksijini, kwaye unganzima yi-159 grams (159,000 mg). Oku kuphindwe kayi-33,125 kunobunzima bomoya oqulethe i-1.0 mg yeoksijini.
Amandla angakumbi asetyenziswa zizilwanyana zasemanzini
I-shrimp okanye intlanzi kufuneka ichithe amandla amaninzi ukuze ifumane umlinganiselo ofanayo weoksijini kunesilwanyana sasemhlabeni. Ingxaki iba nkulu ngakumbi xa uxinzelelo lweoksijini enyibilikisiweyo emanzini luncipha kuba amanzi amaninzi kufuneka afakwe kwiigill ukuze zifumane ioksijini eyi-1.0 mg.
Xa izilwanyana zasemhlabeni zisusa ioksijini emoyeni, ioksijini ibuyiselwa ngokulula, kuba umoya ujikeleza ngokukhululekileyo kuba awuxinene kakhulu kunamanzi, umz., uxinano lomoya kwi-25 degrees-C yi-1.18 g/L xa kuthelekiswa ne-995.65 g/L yamanzi amatsha kubushushu obufanayo. Kwinkqubo yokulima amachibi, ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo esuswe yintlanzi okanye yi-shrimp kufuneka ithathelwe indawo ngokusasazeka kweoksijini yomoya emanzini, kwaye ukujikeleza kwamanzi kuyimfuneko ukuhambisa ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo ukusuka kumphezulu wamanzi ukuya kwikholamu yamanzi yentlanzi okanye ezantsi kwe-shrimp. Amanzi anzima kunomoya kwaye ajikeleza kancinci kunomoya, nokuba ukujikeleza kuncediswa zizixhobo zoomatshini ezifana nee-aerator.
Amanzi agcina ioksijini encinci kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nomoya – xa i-saturation kunye ne-30 degrees-C, amanzi acocekileyo yi-0.000754 ekhulwini yeoksijini (umoya yi-20.95 ekhulwini yeoksijini). Nangona ioksijini yemolekyuli inokungena ngokukhawuleza kumaleko womphezulu wobunzima bamanzi, intshukumo yeoksijini enyibilikisiweyo kuyo yonke inqwaba ixhomekeke kwisantya apho amanzi agcwele ioksijini kumphezulu axutywa khona kubunzima bamanzi nge-convection. I-biomass enkulu yentlanzi okanye i-shrimp echibini inokuphelisa ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo ngokukhawuleza.
Ukubonelela ngeoksijini kunzima
Ubunzima bokubonelela iintlanzi okanye iishrimp ngeoksijini bungabonakaliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Imigangatho karhulumente ivumela abantu abamalunga ne-4.7 ngemitha yesikwere kwimicimbi yangaphandle. Masithi umntu ngamnye ulinganisa umyinge wehlabathi we-62 kg, ngoko ke kuya kubakho i-2,914,000 kg/ha ye-biomass yomntu. Iintlanzi kunye neeshrimp zihlala zifuna ioksijini yokuphefumla malunga ne-300 mg yeoksijini/kg ubunzima bomzimba ngeyure. Obu bunzima be-biomass yeentlanzi bunokuphelisa ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo kwidama lamanzi acocekileyo elingange-10,000 cubic-meter elaliqale lagcwala ioksijini kumaqondo obushushu angama-30 degrees-C kwimizuzu emi-5, kwaye izilwanyana ezikhuliswe ngamakhaya ziya kuxinana. Abantu abangamashumi amane anesixhenxe amawaka kwihektare nganye kwimicimbi yangaphandle abayi kuba nengxaki yokuphefumla emva kweeyure ezininzi.
Ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo yinto ebalulekileyo kuba inokubulala izilwanyana zasemanzini ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa ngokungapheliyo, uxinano oluphantsi lweoksijini enyibilikisiweyo lubangela ukuba izilwanyana zasemanzini zingabi namdla wokutya, ukukhula kancinci kunye nokuchaphazeleka kakhulu zizifo.
Ukulinganisela uxinano lwezilwanyana kunye nokutya okufumanekayo
Ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo ephantsi ikwanxulunyaniswa nokuvela kwee-metabolites ezinokuba yityhefu emanzini. Ezi tyhefu ziquka i-carbon dioxide, i-ammonia, i-nitrite kunye ne-sulfide. Njengomthetho jikelele, kumachibi apho iimpawu zomgangatho wamanzi omthombo wamanzi zifanelekile kwinkcubeko yeentlanzi kunye nee-shrimp, iingxaki zomgangatho wamanzi ziya kuba zingaqhelekanga logama nje uxinzelelo lwe-oxygen enyibilikisiweyo olufanelekileyo luqinisekisiwe. Oku kufuna ukulinganisela amanqanaba okutya kunye nokufumaneka kwe-oxygen enyibilikisiweyo ngemithombo yendalo okanye njengoko kongezelelwa ngumoya kwinkqubo yokukhulisa.
Kwinkcubeko yamanzi aluhlaza emachibini, uxinaniso lweoksijini enyibilikisiweyo lubaluleke kakhulu ebusuku. Kodwa kwiintlobo ezintsha zenkcubeko, ezinzulu ngakumbi, imfuno yeoksijini enyibilikisiweyo inkulu kwaye uxinaniso lweoksijini enyibilikisiweyo kufuneka lugcinwe rhoqo ngomoya ongeniswayo ngoomatshini.
https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/RS485-WIFI-4G-GPRS-LORA-LORAWAN_62576765035.html?spm=a2747.product_manager.0.0.771371d2LOZoDB
Iindidi ngeendidi zezinzwa zomgangatho wamanzi onokuzisebenzisa, wamkelekile ukuba undwendwele
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-30-2024