Unjingalwazi uBoyd uxoxa ngotshintsho olubalulekileyo, olubangela uxinzelelo olunokuthi lubulale okanye lubangele ukunganqweneli kokutya, ukukhula okucothayo kunye nokuba sesichengeni esikhulu kwizifo.
Yaziwa kakuhle phakathi kweengcali zasemanzini ukuba ubukho bezinto zokutya zendalo kunciphisa ukuveliswa kwe shrimp kunye neentlobo ezininzi zentlanzi echibini ukuya kuma-500 kg ngehektare nganye ngesityalo (kg/ha/crop). Kwinkcubeko ye-semi-intensive kunye nokutya okwenziwayo kunye notshintshiselwano lwamanzi lwemihla ngemihla kodwa akukho moya, imveliso idla ngokufikelela kwi-1,500-2,000 kg / ha / isityalo, kodwa kwisivuno esikhulu, isixa sesondlo esiyimfuneko sibangela umngcipheko ophezulu wokugxininiswa kwe-DO ephantsi. Ke, ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo (DO) yinto ebalulekileyo eguquguqukayo ekuqiniseni isivuno se-aquaculture yamachibi.
I-aeration yomatshini ingasetyenziswa ukwandisa umthamo wesondlo esinokwenzeka kunye nokuvumela isivuno esikhulu. Amandla ehashe ngalinye ngehektare nganye yokuphefumla ayakuvumela malunga ne-10–12 kg/hektare yokutya yonke imihla kwiintlobo ezininzi zenkcubeko. Ukuveliswa kwe-10,000–12,000 kg/ha/isityalo asinto ingaqhelekanga ngamazinga aphezulu omoya. Isivuno esikhulu ngakumbi sinokufezekiswa kumachibi aneplastiki kunye namatanki anezinga eliphezulu lokungena umoya.
Umntu akafane eve ngokufuthanisela okanye uxinzelelo olunxulumene neoksijini kwimveliso yeenkukhu, iihagu kunye neenkomo ezikhuliswe ngokuxinana kakhulu, kodwa ezi ziganeko zixhaphake kakhulu kwi-aquaculture. Izizathu zokuchithwa kweoksijini zibaluleke kakhulu kwi-aquaculture ziya kuchazwa.
Umoya okufutshane nomhlaba uneoksijini engama-20,95 ekhulwini, initrogen engama-78,08 ekhulwini, kunye nenxalenye encinane yecarbon dioxide nezinye iigesi. Ubungakanani be-oksijeni ye-molekyuli efunekayo ukugcwalisa amanzi ahlambulukileyo kumgangatho oqhelekileyo we-atmospheric (760 milliliters ye-mercury) kunye ne-30 degrees-C yi-7.54 mg ilitha nganye (mg / L). Kakade ke, emini xa i-photosynthesis iqhubeka, amanzi echibini adla ngokugqithiswa nge-DO (i-concentration ingaba yi-10 mg / L okanye ngaphezulu emanzini angaphezulu), kuba ukuveliswa kwe-oksijini nge-photosynthesis kukhulu kunokulahleka kwe-oksijini ngokuphefumla kunye nokusasazwa emoyeni. Ebusuku xa i-photosynthesis iyeka, i-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo iya kuncipha - ngamanye amaxesha ngaphantsi kwe-3 mg / L idla ngokuthathwa njengeyona nto incinci eyamkelekileyo kwiintlobo ezininzi zasemanzini ezifuywayo.
Izilwanyana ezisemhlabeni ziphefumla umoya ukuze zifumane ioksijini yemolekyuli, ethi ifunxe nge-alveoli emiphungeni yazo. Iintlanzi kunye ne-shrimp kufuneka zipompe amanzi kwiigill zazo ukuze zifumane i-oksijini ye-molecular ngokusebenzisa i-gill lamellae. Umgudu wokuphefumla okanye ukumpompa amanzi ngeegill ufuna amandla ngokomlinganiselo wobunzima bomoya okanye amanzi abandakanyekayo.
Ubunzima bomoya kunye namanzi okufuneka uphefumle okanye umpontshwe ukuze uveze iindawo zokuphefumla kwi-1.0 mg ye-oxygen ye-molecular iya kubalwa. Ngenxa yokuba umoya ungama-20.95 ekhulwini oksijini, malunga ne-4.8 mg yomoya iya kuba ne-1.0 mg oksijini.
Kwichibi le-shrimp enamanzi aqulathe i-30 ppt salinity ku-30 degrees-C (ubuninzi bamanzi = 1.0180 g/L) inyibilikisiwe ioksijini yoxinaniso kwi-saturation ne-atmosfera yi-6.39 mg/L. Umthamo we-0.156 L wamanzi uya kuba ne-1.0 mg ye-oxygen, kwaye iya kuba ne-159 grams (159,000 mg). Oku kumaxesha angama-33,125 amakhulu kunobunzima bomoya oqukethe i-1.0 mg oksijini.
Amandla amaninzi achithwa zizilwanyana zasemanzini
I-shrimp okanye intlanzi kufuneka ichithe amandla amaninzi kakhulu ukuze ifumane ioksijini efanayo kunesilwanyana sasemhlabeni. Ingxaki iba nkulu ngakumbi xa i-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo yoxinaniso emanzini iyancipha ngenxa yokuba amanzi amaninzi kufuneka ampontshwe kuwo wonke ama-gill ukuze awaveze kwi-1.0 mg oxygen.
Xa izilwanyana zasemhlabeni zisusa ioksijini emoyeni, ioksijini ibuyiselwa ngokulula, kuba umoya ujikeleza ngokukhululekileyo ngenxa yokuba ungaphantsi kakhulu kunamanzi, umzekelo, ukuxinana komoya okwi-25 degrees-C yi-1.18 g/L xa kuthelekiswa ne-995.65 g/L yamanzi acocekileyo kwiqondo lobushushu elifanayo. Kwinkqubo ye-aquaculture, i-oksijeni enyibilikisiweyo ekhutshwe yintlanzi okanye i-shrimp kufuneka itshintshwe ngokusasazwa kwe-oksijini ye-atmospheric emanzini, kwaye ukujikeleza kwamanzi kuyimfuneko ukuhambisa i-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo ukusuka emanzini ukuya kwikholamu yamanzi kwintlanzi okanye ezantsi kwi-shrimp. Amanzi anzima kunomoya kwaye ajikeleza ngokucothayo kunomoya, naxa ukujikeleza kuncedisana nezixhobo zoomatshini ezinjengee-aerators.
Amanzi abamba inani elincinci le-oksijeni xa kuthelekiswa nomoya - kwi-saturation kunye ne-30 degrees-C, amanzi ahlambulukileyo yi-0.000754 ipesenti ye-oksijeni (umoya yi-20.95 yeepesenti ze-oxygen). Nangona ioksijini yemolekyuli inokukhawuleza ingene kumaleko omhlaba wobunzima bamanzi, intshukumo yeoksijini enyityilisiweyo kubo bonke ubunzima buxhomekeke kwisantya sokuba amanzi azaliswe yioksijini kumphezulu axutywe kubunzima bamanzi ngokuhambisa. Intlanzi enkulu okanye i-shrimp biomass echibini inokuphelisa ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo ngokukhawuleza.
Ukubonelela ngeoksijini kunzima
Ubunzima bokubonelela ngeentlanzi okanye i-shrimp nge-oxygen ingabonakaliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Imigangatho karhulumente ivumela malunga ne-4.7 yabantu ngemitha yesikwere kwimisitho yangaphandle. Masithi umntu ngamnye unobunzima behlabathi obungama-62 kg, ngoko kuya kubakho i-2,914,000 kg/ha ye-biomass yomntu. Iintlanzi kunye ne-shrimp zihlala zinemfuno ye-oksijini yokuphefumla malunga ne-300 mg ye-oxygen / kg ubunzima bomzimba ngeyure. Obu bunzima beentlanzi zebhayomass bunokuphelisa i-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo kwi-10,000-cubic-meter yamanzi echibi lamanzi ahlambulukileyo ekuqaleni azaliswe yi-oksijini kwi-30 degrees-C malunga nemizuzu emi-5, kwaye izilwanyana zenkcubeko ziya kuphelelwa umoya. Amashumi amane anesixhenxe amawaka abantu ngehektare nganye kumsitho wangaphandle abazukufumana nabuphi na ubunzima bokuphefumla emva kweeyure ezininzi.
I-oksijeni echithwe yintlupheko ebalulekileyo kuba inokubulala izilwanyana zasemanzini ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa ngokungapheliyo, i-oksijini ephantsi edibeneyo edibeneyo igxininisa izilwanyana zasemanzini ezikhokelela ekubeni zingadli ukutya, ukukhula okucothayo kunye nokuchaphazeleka okukhulu kwizifo.
Ukulinganisa ukuxinana kwezilwanyana kunye namagalelo esondlo
Ioksijini enyityilisiweyo ephantsi ikwanxulunyaniswa nokwenzeka kweemetabolites ezinokuba yityhefu emanzini. Ezi tyhefu ziquka i-carbon dioxide, i-ammonia, i-nitrite kunye ne-sulfide. Njengomgaqo oqhelekileyo, kumachibi apho iimpawu zomgangatho wamanzi ezisisiseko zomthombo wamanzi zifanelekile kwiintlanzi kunye nenkcubeko ye-shrimp, iingxaki zomgangatho wamanzi ziya kuba yinto engaqhelekanga nje ukuba i-oksijeni eyaneleyo edibeneyo iqinisekisiwe. Oku kufuna ukulungelelanisa ukugcinwa kwempahla kunye namazinga okutya kunye nokufumaneka kweoksijini enyibilikisiweyo ngemithombo yendalo okanye njengoko kuncediswa nge-aeration kwinkqubo yenkcubeko.
Kwinkcubeko yamanzi aluhlaza kumachibi, i-oksijeni edibeneyo edibeneyo ibaluleke kakhulu ebusuku. Kodwa kolu didi lutsha, lunzulu ngakumbi lwenkcubeko, imfuno yeoksijini enyibilikisiweyo inkulu kwaye inyibiliko yeoksijini enyibilikileyo kufuneka igcinwe ngokuqhubekayo ngumatshini wokuphefumla.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-30-2024