Ukufowunela isixhobo sokuvavanya ukufuma komhlaba esingabizi kakhulu

UColleen Josephson, uprofesa oncedisayo wobunjineli bombane kunye neekhompyutha kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSanta Cruz, wakhe iprototype yethegi yerediyo-frequency engasetyenziswayo enokugqunywa phantsi komhlaba kwaye ibonise amaza erediyo avela kumfundi ongaphezulu komhlaba, nokuba abanjwe ngumntu, athwalwe yidrone okanye afakwe kwisithuthi. Isensor iya kuxelela abalimi ukuba kungakanani ukufuma emhlabeni ngokusekelwe kwixesha elithathayo ukuze loo maza erediyo enze uhambo.
Injongo kaJosephson kukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kokubona kude xa kusenziwa izigqibo zokunkcenkceshela.
“Isizathu esibanzi kukuphucula ukunkcenkceshela ngokuchanekileyo,” utshilo uJosephson. “Izifundo ezingamashumi eminyaka zibonisa ukuba xa usebenzisa ukunkcenkceshela okusekelwe kwizixhobo zokubona, wonga amanzi kwaye ugcina isivuno esiphezulu.”
Nangona kunjalo, iinethiwekhi zesensor zangoku zibiza kakhulu, zifuna iiphaneli zelanga, iintambo kunye noqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi olunokusebenzisa amawaka eedola kwindawo nganye yeprobe.
Ingxaki kukuba umfundi kuya kufuneka adlule kufutshane nethegi. Uqikelela ukuba iqela lakhe linokuyisebenzisa ngaphakathi kweemitha ezili-10 ukusuka emhlabeni kwaye ingaphantsi kwemitha e-1 ubunzulu emhlabeni.
UJosephson kunye neqela lakhe bakhe iprototype ephumeleleyo yale tag, ibhokisi okwangoku enobukhulu obufana nebhokisi yezihlangu equlethe i-tag yerediyo eqhutywa ziibhetri ezimbalwa ze-AA, kunye nesixhobo sokufunda esingaphezulu komhlaba.
Exhaswa yinkxaso-mali evela kwi-Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research, uceba ukuphinda olu vavanyo ngeprototype encinci aze enze amashumi amaninzi awo, anele uvavanyo lwasemasimini kwiifama ezilawulwa ngorhwebo. Uvavanyo luza kuba kwimifuno eluhlaza kunye namaqunube, kuba ezo zezona zityalo ziphambili kwiSalinas Valley kufutshane neSanta Cruz, utshilo.
Injongo enye kukufumanisa ukuba isignali iza kuhamba kakuhle kangakanani kwiikhanophi ezinamagqabi. Okwangoku, kwisikhululo, banezikhonkwane ezingcwatyiweyo ecaleni kwemigca ethontsizayo ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha eziyi-2.5 kwaye bafumana ukufundwa komhlaba ngokuchanekileyo.
Iingcali zokunkcenkceshela zaseMantla-ntshona ziwuncomile lo mbono — ukunkcenkceshela ngokuchanekileyo kubiza kakhulu — kodwa zinemibuzo emininzi.
UChet Dufault, umlimi osebenzisa izixhobo zokunkcenkceshela ezizenzekelayo, uyayithanda le ngcamango kodwa akazange avume ukuba kubekho umsebenzi ofunekayo ukuze i-sensor ibe kufutshane nethegi.
“Ukuba kufuneka uthumele umntu okanye wena ngokwakho … ungancamathisela i-soil probe kwimizuzwana eli-10 ngokulula nje,” utshilo.
UTroy Peters, unjingalwazi wobunjineli beenkqubo zebhayoloji kwiYunivesithi yaseWashington State, ubuze ukuba uhlobo lomhlaba, uxinano, ubume kunye nokuxinana komhlaba kuchaphazela njani ukufunda kunye nokuba indawo nganye kuya kufuneka ilinganiswe nganye nganye.
Amakhulu ee-sensors, ezifakelwe kwaye zigcinwa ziingcali zenkampani, zinxibelelana ngerediyo nge-receiver enye eqhutywa yiphaneli yelanga ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezili-1,500 ukusuka apho, ethi emva koko idlulisele idatha kwilifu. Ubomi bebhetri abuyongxaki, kuba ezo ngcali zityelela i-sensor nganye ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka.
Iiprototypes zikaJosephson zivakala kwiminyaka engama-30 eyadlulayo, utshilo uBen Smith, ingcali yobuchwephesha bokunkcenkceshela eSemios. Ukhumbula ukuba zazigqunywe ziintambo ezivelileyo apho umsebenzi wayezifaka khona kwi-data logger ephathwayo.
Izinzwa zanamhlanje zinokuhlalutya idatha ngamanzi, isondlo, imozulu, izinambuzane, nokunye. Umzekelo, izixhobo zokuhlola umhlaba zenkampani zithatha imilinganiselo rhoqo emva kwemizuzu eli-10, nto leyo evumela abahlalutyi ukuba babone iindlela ezisetyenziswayo.