Isishwankathelo
Iimitha zokuhamba zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo kulawulo lwenkqubo yemizi-mveliso, ukulinganisa amandla, kunye nokubeka esweni okusingqongileyo. Eli phepha lithelekisa imigaqo yokusebenza, iimpawu zobugcisa, kunye nokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kweemitha zokuhamba kwe-electromagnetic, iimitha zokuhamba kwe-ultrasonic, kunye neemitha zokuhamba kwegesi. Iimitha zokuhamba kwe-electromagnetic zifanelekile kwiilwelo eziqhuba umbane, iimitha zokuhamba kwe-ultrasonic zibonelela ngokulinganisa okuchanekileyo okungahambelaniyo, kwaye iimitha zokuhamba kwegesi zibonelela ngezisombululo ezahlukeneyo zemidiya eyahlukeneyo yegesi (umz., igesi yendalo, iigesi zoshishino). Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukukhetha imitha yokuhamba efanelekileyo kunokuphucula kakhulu ukuchaneka kokulinganisa (impazamo < ± 0.5%), kunciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla (ukonga kwe-15%–30%), kwaye kuphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kolawulo lwenkqubo.
1. Iimitha zokuhamba kwe-electromagnetic
1.1 Umgaqo Wokusebenza
Ngokusekelwe kuMthetho kaFaraday wokungenisa i-Electromagnetic, ulwelo oluqhubayo oluhamba ngemagnethi luvelisa i-voltage ehambelana nesantya sokuhamba, esifunyanwa zii-electrodes.
1.2 Iimpawu zobugcisa
- Imidiya Efanelekileyo: Izinto ezihambisa umbane (ukuqhuba umbane ≥5 μS/cm), ezifana namanzi, ii-asidi, ii-alkali, kunye ne-slurries.
- Iingenelo:
- Akukho zinto zishukumayo, azigugi, kwaye zisebenza ixesha elide
- Uluhlu olubanzi lokulinganisa (0.1–15 m/s), ukulahleka koxinzelelo okuncinci
- Ukuchaneka okuphezulu (± 0.2%–± 0.5%), umlinganiselo wokuhamba kweendlela ezimbini
- Imida:
- Ayifanelekanga kwiilwelo ezingahambisi mbane (umz., iioyile, amanzi acocekileyo)
- Ichaphazeleka kukuphazamiseka okuvela kumaqamza okanye amasuntswana aqinileyo
1.3 Usetyenziso Oluqhelekileyo
- Amanzi/Amanzi amdaka kaMasipala: Ukujonga ukuhamba kwamanzi ngobubanzi obukhulu (DN300+)
- Ishishini leeKhemikhali: Umlinganiselo wolwelo oludlakazelayo (umz., i-sulfuric acid, i-sodium hydroxide)
- Ukutya/Amayeza: Uyilo lwezempilo (umz., ukucoca i-CIP)
2. Iimitha zokuhamba kwe-Ultrasonic
2.1 Umgaqo Wokusebenza
Ilinganisa isantya sokuhamba kwendiza isebenzisa umahluko wexesha lokuhamba (ixesha lokubhabha) okanye isiphumo seDoppler. Iindidi ezimbini eziphambili:
- I-Clamp-on (Ayingenisi): Kulula ukuyifakela
- Ukufakwa: Ifanelekile kwiipayipi ezinkulu
2.2 Iimpawu zobugcisa
- Imidiya Efanelekileyo: Ulwelo kunye neegesi (iimodeli ezithile ziyafumaneka), zixhasa ukuhamba kwesigaba esinye/esinezigaba ezininzi
- Iingenelo:
- Akukho kwehla koxinzelelo, ilungele ulwelo olune-viscosity ephezulu (umz., ioyile eluhlaza)
- Uluhlu olubanzi lokulinganisa (0.01–25 m/s), ukuchaneka ukuya kuthi ga kwi ±0.5%
- Ingafakwa kwi-intanethi, ayilungiswa kakhulu
- Imida:
- Ichaphazeleka zizinto zombhobho (umz., isinyithi esityhidiweyo sinokunciphisa imiqondiso) kunye nokuhambelana kolwelo
- Ukulinganisa okuchanekileyo kakhulu kufuna ukuhamba okuzinzileyo (thintela ukungazinzi)
2.3 Usetyenziso Oluqhelekileyo
- Ioyile neGesi: Ukubeka esweni imibhobho yomgama omde
- Iinkqubo ze-HVAC: Ukulinganiswa kwamandla kumanzi abandayo/afudumezayo
- Ukubeka iliso kwiNdalo: Ukulinganiswa kokuhamba komlambo/ukungcola (iimodeli eziphathwayo)
3. Iimitha zokuhamba kwegesi
3.1 Iintlobo eziphambili kunye neempawu
| Uhlobo | Umgaqo | Iigesi ezifanelekileyo | Iingenelo | Imida |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ubunzima bobushushu | Ukusasazwa kobushushu | Iigesi ezicocekileyo (umoya, N₂) | Ukuhamba kobunzima ngokuthe ngqo, akukho mbuyekezo yobushushu/yoxinzelelo | Ayifanelekanga kwiigesi ezifumileyo/ezinothuli |
| I-Vortex | Isitalato iKármán vortex | Umphunga, igesi yendalo | Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu/uxinzelelo | Uvakalelo oluphantsi xa amanzi ephantsi |
| I-Turbine | Ukujikeleza kweRotor | Igesi yendalo, i-LPG | Ukuchaneka okuphezulu (± 0.5%–± 1%) | Ifuna ukugcinwa kweebheringi |
| Uxinzelelo Lokwahluka (i-Orifice) | Umgaqo kaBernoulli | Iigesi zoshishino | Ixabiso eliphantsi, elisemgangathweni | Ukulahleka koxinzelelo olungapheliyo okuphezulu (~30%) |
3.2 Usetyenziso Oluqhelekileyo
- Icandelo laMandla: Ukudluliselwa kokugcinwa kwegesi yendalo
- Ukuveliswa kweeSemiconductor: Ulawulo lwegesi olucocekileyo kakhulu (Ar, H₂)
- Ukubeka esweni ukukhutshwa komoya: Umlinganiselo wokuhamba kwegesi yolwelo (SO₂, NOₓ)
4. Izikhokelo zokuthelekisa nokukhetha
| Ipharamitha | I-electromagnetic | i-ultrasonic | Igesi (Umzekelo wobushushu) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Imidiya efanelekileyo | Ulwelo oluqhuba umbane | Ulwelo/iigesi | Iigesi |
| Ukuchaneka | ± 0.2%–0.5% | ± 0.5%–1% | ±1%–2% |
| Ukulahlekelwa kuxinzelelo | Akukho nanye | Akukho nanye | Okuncinci |
| Ufakelo | Umbhobho opheleleyo, ogqunywe phantsi | Ifuna ukubaleka ngokuthe ngqo | Kuphephe ukungcangcazela |
| Ixabiso | Phakathi-phezulu | Phakathi-phezulu | Iphakathi-phantsi |
Iikhrayitheriya zokukhetha:
- Umlinganiselo wolwelo: I-electromagnetic yolwelo oluqhubayo; i-ultrasonic yolwelo olungenakho ukukhupha umoya/oludalayo.
- Umlinganiselo wegesi: Ubushushu beegesi ezicocekileyo; i-vortex yomphunga; i-turbine yokudlulisa umbane.
- Iimfuno Ezikhethekileyo: Usetyenziso lococeko lufuna uyilo olungenandawo ifileyo; izixhobo zobushushu obuphezulu zifuna izixhobo ezimelana nobushushu.
5. Izigqibo kunye neendlela zexesha elizayo
- Iimitha zokuhamba kwe-electromagnetic zilawula amashishini eekhemikhali/amanzi, kwaye kwixesha elizayo kukho inkqubela phambili ekulinganisweni kolwelo olungenakho ukuhanjiswa komoya (umz., amanzi acocekileyo kakhulu).
- Iimitha zokuhamba ze-ultrasonic ziyakhula kulawulo lwamanzi/amandla olukrelekrele ngenxa yeenzuzo zokungadibani.
- Iimitha zokuhamba kwegesi ziyaguquka ziye ekudityanisweni kweeparameter ezininzi (umz., imbuyekezo yobushushu/uxinzelelo + uhlalutyo lokwakheka) ukuze kufumaneke ukuchaneka okuphezulu.
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Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-13-2025