Uphononongo lweSilumkiso seSikhukula sase-Indonesia: Inkqubo yanamhlanje yokuDibanisa iRadar, imvula, kunye neziBonelelo zokufuduswa.

Njengelona lizwe likhulu leziqithi zelizwe, ezikwiitropiki ezinemvula eninzi kunye nemozulu embi rhoqo, i-Indonesia ijongene nezikhukula njengeyona ntlekele yendalo ixhaphakileyo neyonakalisayo. Ukujongana nalo mngeni, urhulumente wase-Indonesia uye wakhuthaza ngamandla ukwakhiwa kweNkqubo yokuQala yeSilumkiso yeMkhukula (FEWS) esekelwe kwi-Intanethi yezinto (IoT) kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili bokuvakalelwa kwiminyaka yamuva. Phakathi kobu buchwepheshe, iimitha zokuhamba kwerada, iigeyiji zemvula, kunye nezinzwa zokufuduswa zisebenza njengezona zixhobo zokufumana idatha, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo.

Oku kulandelayo yimeko yesicelo ebanzi ebonisa indlela obu buchwepheshe busebenza ngayo kunye nokusebenza.

I. Imvelaphi yeProjekthi: iJakarta kunye neCiliwung River Basin

• Indawo: Ikomkhulu laseIndonesia, iJakarta, kunye noMlambo iCiliwung oqukuqela esixekweni.
• Umngeni: IJakarta iphantsi kwaye inabemi abaninzi kakhulu. Umlambo waseCiliwung udla ngokuphuphuma ngexesha lemvula, nto leyo ebangela izikhukhula ezidolophini kunye nezikhukhula zemilambo, ezibeka ingozi enkulu kubomi kunye nempahla. Iindlela zesiNtu zokulumkisa ezixhomekeke ekuqwalaselweni ngesandla azikwazanga ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sezilumkiso ezikhawulezayo nezichanekileyo.

II. Uphononongo oluneenkcukacha lweSicelo seTekhnoloji

I-FEWS kulo mmandla yinkqubo ezenzekelayo edibanisa ukuqokelelwa kwedatha, ukuhanjiswa, uhlalutyo kunye nokusasazwa. Ezi ndidi zintathu zezivamvo zenza le nkqubo “imithambo-luvo” yenkqubo.

1. Isilinganisi seMvula – “Indawo yokuQala” yeSilumkiso saKwangoko

• IThekhnoloji & Umsebenzi: Iigeyiji zemvula ezithiphu zeebhakethi zifakwe kwiindawo eziphambili kunxweme olungasentla loMlambo iCiliwung (umzekelo, ummandla waseBogor). Balinganisa ubungakanani bemvula kunye nokuqokelelana ngokubala inani lamaxesha eebhakethi ezincinci emva kokuzaliswa kwamanzi emvula. Olu lwazi lolona galelo lokuqala nolona lubalulekileyo kuqikelelo lwezandyondyo zemvula.
• Imeko yesicelo: Ukubeka iliso ngexesha lokwenyani kwemvula kwiindawo ezisemantla. Izantyalantyala zemvula ngoyena nobangela ungqalileyo wokunyuka kwamaqondo emilambo. Idatha igqithiselwa ngexesha lokwenyani kwiziko lokucwangcisa idatha ngothungelwano olungenazingcingo (umzekelo, iGSM/GPRS okanye iLoRaWAN).
• Indima: Ubonelela ngezilumkiso ezisekelwe kwimvula. Ukuba ubuninzi bemvula kwinqanaba elithile budlula umda obekwe kwangaphambili kwixesha elifutshane, inkqubo ikhupha ngokuzenzekelayo isilumkiso sokuqala, esibonisa ukubanakho ukukhukula kwemvula kunye nokuthenga ixesha elixabisekileyo lokuphendula okulandelayo.

2. Radar Flow Meter-Undoqo "Iliso Elibukhali"

• I-Technology & Function: Iimitha zokuhamba kwe-radar ezingadibaniyo (ezidla ngokubandakanya i-radar level sensors yamanzi kunye ne-radar surface velocity sensors) zifakwe kwiibhulorho okanye iibhanki ecaleni koMlambo waseCiliwung kunye neendawo zayo eziphambili. Balinganisa ubude bomgangatho wamanzi (H) kunye nesantya somphezulu womlambo (V) ngokuchanekileyo ngokukhupha ii-microwaves ukuya kumphezulu wamanzi kunye nokufumana imiqondiso ebonakalisiweyo.
• Imeko yeSicelo: Bathatha indawo yezoluvo zoqhagamshelwano zemveli (ezifana ne-ultrasonic okanye i-pressure sensors), ezithanda ukuvaleka kwaye zifuna ulondolozo olungakumbi. Itekhnoloji yeRadar ikhuselekile kwinkunkuma, umxholo wentlenga, kunye nomhlwa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kakhulu kwiimeko zomlambo wase-Indonesia.
• Indima:
  • UkuJonga uMgangatho waManzi: Ubeka iliso kumaqondo emilambo ngexesha lokwenyani; ivuselela izilumkiso kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba inqanaba lamanzi ligqithise imilinganiselo yesilumkiso.
  • Ukubala okuHambisayo: Idityaniswe nedatha ecwangciswe kwangaphambili yecandelo lokuwela umlambo, inkqubo ibala ngokuzenzekelayo ukukhutshwa kwexesha lokwenyani lomlambo (Q = A * V, apho uA iyindawo enqamlezileyo). Ukukhutshwa sisalathiso sobunzululwazi bobunzulu bobunzulu bomhlaba kunomgangatho wamanzi ewodwa, esinika umfanekiso ochaneke ngakumbi wesikali namandla esikhukula.

3. Isivamvo sokufuduswa – “IsiHlomelo seMpilo” seZiseko

• Itekhnoloji kunye nomsebenzi: Iimitha zokuqhekeka kunye neetiltmeter zifakwe kwiziseko ezingundoqo zolawulo lwezandyondyo, njengee-levees, iindonga zokugcina, kunye nezixhaso zebhulorho. Ezi zivamvo zokufuduswa ziyakwazi ukubeka iliso ukuba ngaba isakhiwo siyaqhekeka, sihlala, okanye sithambekele nge-millimeter-level okanye ngaphezulu ngokuchanekileyo.
• Imeko yesicelo: Ukuthotywa komhlaba ngumba onzima kwiindawo ezithile zaseJakarta, nto leyo ebeka isoyikiso sexesha elide kukhuseleko lwezakhiwo zolawulo lwezandyondyo ezifana nemisinga. Izinzwa zokufuduswa zibekwe kumacandelo aphambili apho kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho umngcipheko.
• Indima: Ukubonelela ngezilumkiso zokhuseleko lwesakhiwo. Ngexesha lezandyondyo zemvula, amanqanaba aphezulu amanzi enza uxinzelelo olukhulu kwimisinga. Izinzwa zokufuduka ziyakwazi ukubona ukuguqulwa kwemizuzu kwisakhiwo. Ukuba izinga lokuguqulwa ngokukhawuleza likhawuleza okanye lidlula umda wokhuseleko, inkqubo ikhupha i-alarm, ebonisa umngcipheko weentlekele zesibini ezifana nokungaphumeleli kwedama okanye ukuchithwa komhlaba. Oku kukhokela ukufuduka kunye nokulungiswa ngokukhawuleza, ukuthintela iziphumo eziyingozi.

III. Ukudityaniswa kweNkqubo kunye nokuhamba komsebenzi

Ezi zoluvo azisebenzi zodwa kodwa zisebenza ngokubambisana ngeqonga elidityanisiweyo:

1. Ukufunyanwa kwedatha: Inzwa nganye ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ngokuqhubekayo iqokelela idatha.
2. Ukugqithiswa kwedatha: Idatha idluliswa ngexesha langempela kwingingqi okanye kwiseva yedatha ephakathi ngothungelwano lonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo.
3. Uhlalutyo lweenkcukacha kunye nokuthathwa kwezigqibo: I-software ye-hydrological modeling kwiziko idibanisa imvula, inqanaba lamanzi, kunye nokukhutshwa kwedatha ukuqhuba ukulinganisa uqikelelo lwezikhukhula, ukuqikelela ixesha lokufika kunye nobukhulu bencopho yezandyondyo. Ngaxeshanye, idatha ye-sensor ye-displacement ihlalutywa ngokwahlukileyo ukuvavanya ukuzinza kweziseko zophuhliso.
4. Ukusasazwa kwesilumkiso: Xa nayiphi na indawo yedatha enye okanye indibaniselwano yedatha idlula imida ebekwe ngaphambili, inkqubo ikhupha izilumkiso kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ngokusebenzisa amajelo ahlukeneyo afana ne-SMS, ii-apps eziphathwayo, imidiya yoluntu, kunye ne-sirens kwii-arhente zikarhulumente, amasebe eempendulo zikaxakeka, kunye noluntu kwiindawo ezisemlanjeni.

IV. Ukusebenza kunye nemingeni

• Ukusebenza:
  • Ukunyuka kwexesha lokuKhokela: Amaxesha okulumkisa aphuculwe ukusuka kwiiyure nje ezimbalwa kwixesha elidlulileyo ukuya kwiiyure ze-24-48 ngoku, ukuphucula kakhulu amandla okuphendula ngokukhawuleza.
  • Ukwenziwa kweZigqibo zezeNzululwazi: Imiyalelo yokufuduka kunye nolwabiwo lwezibonelelo ichaneke ngakumbi kwaye iyasebenza, ngokusekelwe kwidatha yexesha langempela kunye neemodeli zohlalutyo.
  • Ukunciphisa Ukulahlekelwa Kobomi Nempahla: Izilumkiso zakwangoko zithintela ngokuthe ngqo iingozi kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo wempahla.
  • Ukubekwa esweni koKhuseleko lweziSeko zoPhuhliso: Lenza uhlolo lwezempilo oluchubekileyo nolwesiqhelo lwezakhiwo zolawulo lwezikhukhula.
• Imingeni:
  • Iindleko zokwakha kunye noLondolozo: Inethiwekhi ye-sensor egubungela indawo enkulu ifuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo lokuqala kunye neendleko eziqhubekayo zokugcinwa.
  • Unxibelelwano loNxibelelwano: Unxibelelwano oluzinzileyo luhlala lucelomngeni kwimimandla esemagqagaleni esezintabeni.
  • Ukwazisa uluntu: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba imiyalezo elumkisayo ifikelela kubasebenzisi bokugqibela kwaye ibakhuthaze ukuba bathathe amanyathelo achanekileyo kufuna imfundo eqhubekayo kunye noqeqesho.

Ukuqukumbela

I-Indonesia, ngakumbi kwimimandla esemngciphekweni omkhulu wezikhukhula njengeJakarta, yakha inkqubo yokulumkisa kwangethuba ngozandyondyo ngokubeka uthungelwano lwenzwa oluphezulu olumelwe ziimitha zokuhamba kweradar, iigeji zemvula, kunye nezinzwa zokufuduswa. Olu pho nonongo lubonisa ngokucacileyo indlela imodeli edibeneyo yokubeka iliso-ukudibanisa isibhakabhaka (ukubeka iliso kwimvula), umhlaba (ukubeka iliso kumlambo), kunye nobunjineli (ukubeka iliso kwiziseko ezingundoqo) -inokutshintsha i-paradigm yempendulo yentlekele ukusuka kwisiganeko sokuhlangula kwisiganeko sangaphambi kwesiganeko kunye nokukhusela okusebenzayo, ukubonelela ngamava abalulekileyo asebenzayo kumazwe kunye nemimandla ejongene nemingeni efanayo emhlabeni jikelele.

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