I-Australia iza kuqinisa imithetho malunga namanqanaba amkelekileyo eekhemikhali ze-PFAS eziphambili emanzini okusela phantsi kwezikhokelo zoyilo

Zithini ii-PFA? Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi
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I-Australia ingayiqinisa imithetho malunga namanqanaba amkelekileyo eekhemikhali ze-PFAS ezibalulekileyo emanzini okusela, inciphise inani leekhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuba zi-forever chemicals ezivunyelweyo ngelitha.

IBhunga leSizwe loPhando lwezeMpilo noNyango ngoMvulo likhuphe izikhokelo ezibhaliweyo ezihlaziya imida yeekhemikhali ezine zePFAS emanzini okusela.

I-PFAS (izinto ze-per- kunye ne-polyfluoroalkyl), udidi lweekhompawundi ezingamawaka aliqela, ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba “ziikhemikhali ezingapheliyo” njengoko zihlala kwindawo ezingqongileyo ixesha elide kwaye kunzima ukuzitshabalalisa kunezinto ezifana neeswekile okanye iiproteni. Ukuvezwa kwe-PFAS kubanzi kwaye akupheleli nje emanzini okusela.

Bhalisela i-imeyile yeendaba ezisandula ukwenzeka yeGuardian Australia

Izikhokelo eziqulunqiweyo zibeke iingcebiso zemida ye-PFAS emanzini okusela ubomi bomntu.

Phantsi koyilo, umda we-PFOA - ikhompawundi esetyenziselwa ukwenza iTeflon - uza kuncitshiswa ukusuka kwi-560 ng/L ukuya kwi-200 ng/L, ngokusekelwe kubungqina beziphumo zayo ezibangela umhlaza.

Ngokusekelwe kwiinkxalabo ezintsha malunga nemiphumo ye-bone marrow, imida ye-PFOS - eyayisakuba sisithako esiphambili kwi-Scotchgard yokukhusela ilaphu - yayiza kuncitshiswa ukusuka kwi-70 ng/L ukuya kwi-4 ng/L.

NgoDisemba kunyaka ophelileyo, i-International Agency for Research on Cancer yabeka i-PFOA njengebangela umhlaza ebantwini - kudidi olufanayo nokusela utywala kunye nongcoliseko lomoya wangaphandle - kunye ne-PFOS njenge "enokubangela umhlaza" ".

Izikhokelo zikwacebisa imida emitsha yeekhompawundi ezimbini zePFAS ngokusekelwe kubungqina bemiphumo ye-thyroid, ye-30ng/L yePFHxS kunye ne-1000 ng/L yePFBS. I-PFBS isetyenzisiwe njengendawo yokutshintsha iPFOS eScotchgard ukusukela ngo-2023.

Umphathi omkhulu we-NHMRC, uNjingalwazi uSteve Wesselingh, uthe kwintlanganiso nabezindaba ukuba le mida mitsha ibekwe ngokusekelwe kubungqina obuvela kwizifundo zezilwanyana. “Okwangoku asikholelwa ukuba kukho izifundo zabantu ezisemgangathweni owaneleyo wokusikhokela ekuphuhliseni la manani,” utshilo.

Umda we-PFOS ocetywayo uza kuhambelana nezikhokelo zase-US, ngelixa umda we-PFOA wase-Australia uza kuba uphezulu.

“Akuqhelekanga ukuba amaxabiso esikhokelo ahluke kwilizwe ngalinye kwihlabathi liphela ngokusekelwe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokugqibela ezisetyenzisiweyo,” utshilo uWesseleigh.

I-US ijonge ukuba akukho mazinga apheleleyo eekhompawundi ezibangela umhlaza, ngelixa abalawuli base-Australia besebenzisa indlela "yomzekelo wokumisela".

“Ukuba sifikelela ngaphantsi kwelo nqanaba, sikholelwa ukuba akukho mngcipheko wokuba loo nto ibangele ingxaki echongiweyo, nokuba ziingxaki ze-thyroid, iingxaki zomongo wethambo okanye umhlaza,” utshilo uWesseleigh.

I-NHMRC icinge ngokubeka umda wamanzi okusela adibeneyo e-PFAS kodwa yabona ukuba akunakwenzeka ngenxa yenani leekhemikhali ze-PFAS. “Zininzi kakhulu ii-PFAS, kwaye asinalo ulwazi olunobungozi kuninzi lwazo,” utshilo uGqr. David Cunliffe, umcebisi oyintloko womgangatho wamanzi kwisebe lezempilo laseMzantsi Afrika. “Sithathe le ndlela yokuvelisa amaxabiso esikhokelo somntu ngamnye kwabo bakwi-PFAS apho kukho idatha ekhoyo.”

Ulawulo lwe-PFAS lwabelwana ngalo phakathi korhulumente wobumbano kunye nephondo kunye nemimandla, elawula ukubonelelwa kwamanzi.

UGqr. Daniel Deere, umcebisi wezamanzi nempilo kwiWater Futures, uthe abantu base-Australia abanaso imfuneko yokukhathazeka nge-PFAS emanzini okusela kawonke-wonke ngaphandle kokuba baxelelwe ngokuthe ngqo. “Sinethamsanqa e-Australia kuba asinawo amanzi amaninzi achaphazeleka yi-PFAS, kwaye kufuneka ukhathazeke kuphela xa ucetyiswe ngokuthe ngqo ngabasemagunyeni.”

Ngaphandle kokuba kucetyiswe ngenye indlela, "akukho nzuzo ekusebenziseni ezinye iindlela zamanzi, ezinje ngamanzi asemabhotileni, iinkqubo zonyango lwamanzi asekhaya, izihluzi zamanzi ezisezantsi, iitanki zamanzi emvula zasekuhlaleni okanye iibhowudi," utshilo uDeere kwingxelo.

“Abantu base-Australia bangaqhubeka beqinisekile ukuba izikhokelo zamanzi okusela zase-Australia ziquka isayensi yamva nje neyomeleleyo ukuxhasa ukhuseleko lwamanzi okusela,” utshilo uNjingalwazi Stuart Khan, intloko yeSikolo soBunjineli boLwakhiwo kwiYunivesithi yaseSydney, kwingxelo yakhe.

I-NHMRC ibeke phambili uphononongo lwezikhokelo zase-Australia malunga ne-PFAS emanzini okusela ekupheleni kuka-2022. Ezi zikhokelo azizange zihlaziywe ukusukela ngo-2018.

Izikhokelo ezisayilwayo ziza kuhlala zikho ukuze uluntu luxoxe ngazo kude kube ngumhla wama-22 kweyeNkanga.

Enyanisweni, singasebenzisa izinzwa zomgangatho wamanzi ukubona umgangatho wamanzi, singabonelela ngeenzwa ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa iiparameter ezahlukeneyo emanzini ukuze ubhekisele kuzo.