Uvavanyo lweziphumo zoguquko lweNgxobhozo kuBubushushu baManzi kunye nokuPhuthuka kweGilgel Gibe I Reservoir, iOmo-Gibe River Basin, Ethiopia

I-turbidity inempembelelo ebalulekileyo kumthombo wamanzi ngokunyusa amaqondo obushushu kunye nokunyuka kwamanzi. Olu phononongo lubonelele ngolwazi olucacileyo nolufutshane malunga neziphumo zokuguqulwa kobugxwayiba kumanzi agcinwe kwindawo yokugcina amanzi. Eyona njongo iphambili yolu phononongo ibikukuvavanya ifuthe lokuguquguquka kobugxwayiba kwiqondo lobushushu bamanzi ovimba kunye nokuphuma komphunga. Ukumisela ezi ziphumo, iisampulu zithathwe kwindawo yokugcina amanzi ngokuyihluza ngokungacwangciswanga ecaleni kwendlela yokugcina amanzi. Ukuvavanya unxulumano phakathi kokugquma kwamanzi kunye nobushushu bamanzi kunye nokulinganisa ukuguquguquka okuthe nkqo kobushushu bamanzi, amadama alishumi agrunjwa, aza azaliswe ngamanzi agxokogxoko. Kwafakelwa iipani ezimbini zodidi A ebaleni ukuze kubonwe ifuthe lentlupheko ekuphuphukeni kwamanzi. Idatha yacazululwa kusetyenziswa isoftware yeSPSS kunye neMS Excel. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-turbidity inobudlelwane obuchanekileyo, obuqinileyo kunye nobushushu bamanzi ngo-9: 00 kunye ne-13: 00 kunye nobudlelwane obunzima obunamandla ngo-17: 00, kunye nobushushu bamanzi behla ukusuka phezulu ukuya kumaleko asezantsi. Kwabakho ukuphela okukhulu kokukhanya kwelanga kuninzi lwamanzi amdaka. Umahluko kumaqondo obushushu bamanzi phakathi kwamaleya angaphezulu nasezantsi ayeyi-9.78°C kunye ne-1.53°C kuninzi namanzi amdaka ngeyure ye-13:00 ngokulandelelana kwawo. I-turbidity inobudlelwane obuthe ngqo nobomeleleyo obuqinisekileyo kunye nokuvela kwamanzi kwamanzi. Iziphumo ezivavanyiweyo bezibalulekile ngokwezibalo. Uphononongo lugqibe kwelokuba ukonyuka kobugxwayiba bedama kunyusa kakhulu zombini iqondo lobushushu bamanzi kunye nokuphuma komphunga.

1. Intshayelelo
Ngenxa yobukho bamasuntswana amaninzi axhonyiweyo, amanzi aba nenkungu. Ngenxa yoko, imitha yokukhanya kunokwenzeka ukuba isasazeke kwaye ifakwe emanzini ngokuchasene nokuhamba ngayo ngokuthe ngqo. Ngenxa yenguquko yemozulu yehlabathi engathandekiyo, ethi iveze umphezulu womhlaba ize ibangele ukhukuliseko lomhlaba, ngumba obalulekileyo kokusingqongileyo. Imithombo yamanzi, ingakumbi amadama, awakhiwe ngeendleko ezinkulu kwaye abalulekile kuphuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho lwamazwe, achatshazelwa kakhulu lolu tshintsho. Kukho unxulumano olomeleleyo olulungileyo phakathi kokukhukhumala kunye nokugxininiswa kwentlenga okuxhonyiweyo, kwaye kukho unxulumano olubi oluluqilima phakathi kokungqubeka nokungafihli kwamanzi.

Ngokwezifundo ezininzi, umsebenzi wokwandiswa kunye nokuqina komhlaba weefama kunye nokwakhiwa kweziseko ezingundoqo kwandisa inguqu yobushushu bomoya, imitha yelanga yelanga, imvula, kunye nokubaleka komhlaba kunye nokukhulisa ukhukuliseko lomhlaba kunye nentlenga yedama. Ukucaca kunye nomgangatho wemithombo yamanzi angaphezulu asetyenziselwa unikezelo lwamanzi, ukunkcenkceshela, kunye nombane wamanzi achatshazelwa yile misebenzi kunye neziganeko. Ngokulawula kunye nokulawula umsebenzi kunye neziganeko eziwubangelayo, ukwakha isakhiwo, okanye ukubonelela ngeendlela ezingezona zakhiwo ezilawula ukungena komhlaba okhukulisekileyo ukusuka kummandla onyukayo wemithombo yamanzi, kunokwenzeka ukuthoba inkunkuma yamanzi.

Ngenxa yesakhono samasuntswana okufunxa kunye nokuchithachitheka kwemitha yelanga enomnatha njengoko ibetha umphezulu wamanzi, i-turbidity iphakamisa ubushushu bamanzi ajikelezileyo. Amandla elanga afunxenwe ngamasuntswana amisiweyo akhutshwa emanzini aze andise ubushushu bamanzi kufutshane nomphezulu. Ngokunciphisa i-concentration of particles suspended kunye nokuphelisa i-plankton eyenza ukuba i-turbidity inyuke, ubushushu bamanzi amdaka bunokwehliswa. Ngokwezifundo ezininzi, i-turbidity kunye nobushushu bamanzi zombini ziyancipha ecaleni kwe-axis yobude bendawo yokugcina amanzi. I-turbidimeter sesona sixhobo sisetyenziswa kakhulu sokulinganisa ukugxobha kwamanzi okubangelwa bubukho obuninzi bokuxinana kwentlenga exhonyiweyo.

Kukho iindlela ezintathu ezaziwayo-kakuhle zokwenza imodeli yobushushu bamanzi. Zontathu ezi modeli zinezibalo, i-deterministic, kunye ne-stochastic kwaye zinemiqobo yazo kunye neeseti zedatha yokuhlalutya ubushushu bemithombo eyahlukeneyo yamanzi. Ngokuxhomekeke kubukho bedatha, zombini iimodeli zezibalo zeparametric kunye ne-nonparametric zisetyenziselwe olu phononongo.

Ngenxa yommandla wawo omkhudlwana, amanzi amaninzi aphuma abe ngumphunga kumachibi enziweyo kunye namadama kunamanye amachibi endalo. Oku kwenzeka xa kukho iimolekyuli ezininzi ezihambayo eziphuma kumphezulu wamanzi kwaye zibalekela emoyeni njengomphunga kunokuba kukho iimolekyuli eziphinda zingene emanzini ukusuka emoyeni kwaye zivaleleke kulwelo.