Ukungcola kunempembelelo enkulu emanzini edama ngokunyusa amazinga obushushu kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi. Olu phononongo lunike ulwazi olucacileyo nolufutshane malunga nemiphumo yokutshintsha kokungcola emanzini edama. Injongo ephambili yolu phononongo yayikukuvavanya imiphumo yokutshintsha kokungcola kubushushu bamanzi edama kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi. Ukufumanisa ezi ziphumo, iisampulu zithathwe kwidama ngokulihluza ngokungacwangciswanga ecaleni kwendlela yedama. Ukuvavanya ubudlelwane phakathi kokungcola kunye nobushushu bamanzi kunye nokulinganisa utshintsho oluthe nkqo lobushushu bamanzi, amachibi alishumi agqunywe, kwaye azaliswa ngamanzi amdaka. Iipani ezimbini zeklasi A zafakwa endle ukuze kuchongwe impembelelo yokungcola ekuphumeni kwamanzi edama. Idatha yahlalutywa kusetyenziswa isoftware ye-SPSS kunye ne-MS Excel. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ukungcola kunobudlelwane obuthe ngqo, obuqinileyo nobushushu bamanzi ngo-9:00 nango-13:00 kunye nobudlelwane obunamandla obungalunganga ngo-17:00, kwaye ubushushu bamanzi behla ngokuthe nkqo ukusuka phezulu ukuya kumaleko osezantsi. Kwakukho ukuphela okukhulu kokukhanya kwelanga kumanzi amaninzi amdaka. Umahluko kubushushu bamanzi phakathi kwamaleko aphezulu nasezantsi yayiyi-9.78°C kunye ne-1.53°C kumanzi amaninzi namanzi angangcolanga kangako ngentsimbi ye-13:00 yokujonga, ngokulandelelana. Ukungcola kunobudlelwane obuthe ngqo nobuqinileyo nokuphuma kwamanzi edamini. Iziphumo ezivavanyiweyo bezibaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo. Olu phononongo lugqibe kwelokuba ukunyuka kokungcola kwamanzi edamini kunyusa kakhulu ubushushu bamanzi edamini kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi edamini.
1. Intshayelelo
Ngenxa yokubakho kweenxalenye ezininzi ezixhonyiweyo, amanzi aba yinkunkuma. Ngenxa yoko, imisebe yokukhanya inokwenzeka ukuba isasazeke kwaye ifunxwe emanzini kunokuba ihambe ngqo kuwo. Ngenxa yotshintsho olubi lwemozulu lwehlabathi, oluveza umphezulu womhlaba kwaye lubangele ukukhukuliseka komhlaba, yingxaki ebalulekileyo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Amanzi, ingakumbi amachibi, akhiwe ngeendleko ezinkulu kwaye abaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho lwelizwe, achatshazelwa kakhulu lolu tshintsho. Kukho ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi kokukhukuliseka kunye nokuxinana kwenkunkuma exhonyiweyo, kwaye kukho ubudlelwane obubi phakathi kokukhukuliseka kunye nokucaca kwamanzi.
Ngokwezifundo ezininzi, umsebenzi wokwandisa nokuqinisa umhlaba wamafama kunye nokwakhiwa kweziseko zophuhliso unyusa utshintsho lobushushu bomoya, imitha yelanga, imvula, kunye nokugeleza kwamanzi phezu komhlaba kwaye kwandisa ukukhukuliseka komhlaba kunye nokungcola kwamanzi. Ukucaca kunye nomgangatho weendawo zamanzi eziphezulu ezisetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngamanzi, ukunkcenkceshela, kunye namandla e-hydropower kuyachaphazeleka yile misebenzi kunye neziganeko. Ngokulawula nokulawula umsebenzi kunye neziganeko ezibangela oko, ukwakha isakhiwo, okanye ukubonelela ngeendlela ezingezizo izakhiwo ezilawula ukungena komhlaba okhukulisiweyo kwindawo ephezulu yamanzi, kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukungcoliseka kwamanzi.
Ngenxa yokuba iinxalenye ezixhonyiweyo ziyakwazi ukufunxa nokusasaza imitha yelanga njengoko ibetha phezu kwamanzi, ukuxinana kwamanzi kunyusa ubushushu bamanzi ajikelezileyo. Amandla elanga afunxwe ziinxalenye ezixhonyiweyo akhutshwa emanzini kwaye andise ubushushu bamanzi akufutshane nomphezulu. Ngokunciphisa ukuxinana kweenxalenye ezixhonyiweyo nokususa iplankton ebangela ukuba ukuxinana kwamanzi kunyuke, ubushushu bamanzi axutyiweyo bungancitshiswa. Ngokwezifundo ezininzi, ukuxinana kwamanzi kunye nobushushu bamanzi zombini ziyehla ecaleni kwendlela ende yendlela yamanzi echibini. I-turbidimeter sesona sixhobo sisetyenziswa kakhulu ukulinganisa ukuxinana kwamanzi okubangelwa bubukho obuninzi bokuxinana kwamanzi axutyiweyo.
Kukho iindlela ezintathu ezaziwayo zokumisela ubushushu bamanzi. Zonke ezi modeli zintathu zezezibalo, ezimiselweyo, nezine-stochastic kwaye zinemida yazo kunye neeseti zedatha zokuhlalutya ubushushu beendawo ezahlukeneyo zamanzi. Ngokuxhomekeke ekufumanekeni kwedatha, zombini iimodeli zezibalo ze-parametric kunye ne-nonparametric zisetyenzisiwe kolu phononongo.
Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo bomphezulu, amanzi amaninzi ayaphuma emachibini nakwimithombo yamanzi eyenziweyo kunakwiindawo zamanzi zendalo. Oku kwenzeka xa kukho iimolekyuli ezininzi ezihambayo eziphuma kumphezulu wamanzi zize ziphume emoyeni njengomphunga kunokuba kukho iimolekyuli eziphinda zingene kumphezulu wamanzi zisuke emoyeni zize zivaleleke kulwelo.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-18-2024