Intshayelelo
IBrazil inenethiwekhi enkulu yemilambo emhlabeni kunye nemithombo yamanzi emininzi, kodwa ukusasazwa kwayo akulunganga kakhulu. Ukubeka esweni okusebenzayo nokuchanekileyo kwamanzi kubalulekile kule "bhaskithi yesonka yehlabathi" kunye nemizi-mveliso enamandla, okuchaphazela ulawulo lwemithombo yamanzi, ukunkcenkceshela kwezolimo, ukuveliswa kwamandla, kunye nolawulo lwezikhukula. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimitha zokuhamba kweradar ezingadibaniyo kunye neegeyiji zenqanaba leradar zenkampani yaseTshayina ziye zangena ngempumelelo kwimarike yaseBrazil, zafumana ukuthandwa ngenxa yetekhnoloji yazo ephucukileyo, uzinzo olugqwesileyo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezinkulu zemilambo kuye kwafaka amandla amatsha kwetekhnoloji kuphuculo lwemizi-mveliso nezolimo eBrazil.
I. Amatyala okusetyenziswa: Ukusasazwa okuqhelekileyo kweeHonde Hydrological Sensors eBrazil
Ityala 1: Ulawulo lwezoLimo eziNcedisayo oluKhulu kwiSidibi yoMlambo iSão Francisco
- Imvelaphi: UMlambo iSão Francisco “ngumlambo wobomi” kuMntla-mpuma waseBrazil, oxhasa iiprojekthi ezininzi zokunkcenkceshela ezinkulu ecaleni konxweme lwawo. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwamanzi kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi kwiindlela zokunkcenkceshela kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusasazwa kwamanzi ngokulinganayo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Izixhobo zokubona unxibelelwano zemveli zidla ngokuvaleka lukhula kunye nenkunkuma, nto leyo ebangela iindleko eziphezulu zokulungisa.
- Isisombululo: Ikomiti yolawulo lwe-river basin ithumele inani elikhulu lee-radar level gauges zaseTshayina zeHonde kunye nee-radar open-channel flow meter kwiindawo eziphambili ze-canal eziphambili nezesibini.
- Imodeli yesicelo: Zifakwe ngaphezulu kwemisele, ii-radar sensors zilinganisa rhoqo inqanaba lamanzi ngaphandle kokuthintana. Isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi ngexesha langempela sibalwa kusetyenziswa ii-algorithms ezakhelwe ngaphakathi kunye nedatha yejometri yemisele. Idatha idluliselwa ngaphandle kwentambo ngeenethiwekhi ze-4G/NB-IoT ukuya kwiqonga lokuhambisa imithombo yamanzi eliphakathi.
- Iziphumo:
- Ukusasazwa Kwamanzi Ngokuchanekileyo: Iziko lokuhambisa amanzi linokujonga ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngexesha langempela kwindawo nganye, livumela ukwabiwa kwamanzi ngokuchanekileyo, xa kuyimfuneko kwaye linciphise inkunkuma kunye neengxabano phakathi kwabasebenzisi abaphezulu nabasezantsi.
- Ukugcinwa Okungadibaniyo, Ukungabikho Konxibelelwano: Itekhnoloji yeradar isusa ngokupheleleyo ukungachaneki kokulinganisa kunye nomonakalo wesixhobo obangelwa yidaka kunye ne-biofouling, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokusebenza, ukugcinwa, kunye nabasebenzi.
- Ukwanda kwemveliso yezolimo: Kuqinisekisa ukunkcenkceshela okwaneleyo ngexesha lokukhula kwezityalo ezibalulekileyo, kunyusa isivuno sezolimo kunye nengeniso yabalimi kulo lonke isithili sokunkcenkceshela.
Ityala lesi-2: Ukuphuculwa kweZityalo zoMbane wamanzi kwiSidibi yoMlambo iParaná
- Imvelaphi: UMlambo iParaná “yindlela yamandla” yaseBrazil, enabantu abaninzi abanezityalo zombane. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwezityalo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwidatha echanekileyo yokungena kwamanzi edamini kunye nenqanaba lamanzi ase-forebay. Iigeyiji zenqanaba loxinzelelo zemveli zinobunzima bokuntywila kwaye zifuna ukulinganiswa rhoqo.
- Isisombululo: Izikhululo ezinkulu zombane ezisebenzisa amanzi zazisa iigeyiji ze-radar ezichanekileyo kakhulu zikaHonde ukuze zijonge amanqanaba edama kunye ne-forebay, kunye neemitha zokuhamba kweradar ukuze zijonge ukukhutshwa kweturbine.
- Imodeli yesicelo: Iigeyiji zezinga leradar zifakelwa kwizakhiwo zamadama okanye kwiibhanki ezizinzileyo, zibonelela ngedatha yezinga elizinzileyo nechanekileyo ngokwemilimitha. Le datha ifakwa ngqo kwinkqubo yolawulo oluphakathi yesityalo (i-DCS/SCADA) ukuze kuphuculwe ulandelelwano lwe-start-stop kunye nemveliso yamandla yeeyunithi ezivelisayo.
- Iziphumo:
- Ukuphuculwa Kokusebenza Kokuvelisa Umbane: Idatha echanekileyo ngakumbi yentloko (umahluko wenqanaba lamanzi) kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi ivumela izityalo ukubala amaqhinga okuvelisa afanelekileyo, ukwandisa imveliso yamandla kunye nokuvelisa izigidi zeerandi kwiinzuzo zoqoqosho zonyaka.
- Ukhuseleko Oluphuculweyo Lwedama: Ukubeka iliso elithembekileyo kakhulu iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisixhenxe, iintsuku ezisixhenxe, kunika idatha ebalulekileyo yokuvavanya ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo sedama.
- Ixhasa ukuhanjiswa kweGrid: Uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lwe-hydrological lubonelela ngoqikelelo oluthembekileyo lwemveliso yamandla kumqhubi wegrid kazwelonke, okuqinisekisa uzinzo lwegrid.
Ityala lesi-3: Ulawulo lweZikhukula kunye nokuJongwa koMgangatho waManzi kwiZixeko zoShishino eziseMzantsi-mpuma
- Imvelaphi: Izixeko ezifana neRio de Janeiro kunye neBelo Horizonte zijongene nezikhukula ezinkulu zasezidolophini kunye nongcoliseko oludibeneyo lokugcwala kwamanzi amdaka (CSO) ngexesha lemvula. Ukubeka iliso kwinqanaba kunye nesantya kwimibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi kunye nemilambo kubalulekile ukuze kunikwe izilumkiso ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye novavanyo lomthwalo wongcoliseko.
- Isisombululo: Amasebe kaMasipala afake iimitha zokuhamba kweradar yeHonde/inqanaba kwiindawo zokukhupha amanzi ezibalulekileyo kunye nokuncitshiswa komlambo.
- Imodeli yesicelo: Idatha yenzwa idityaniswe kwiqonga lamanzi akrelekrele lesixeko. Iialamu zivulwa ngokuzenzekelayo xa amazinga okanye ukuhamba kwamanzi kudlula umda, kwaye zinokudityaniswa neekhamera ukuze zirekhode iimeko zendawo.
- Iziphumo:
- Isilumkiso saKwangoko seZikhukula: Sibonelela ngexesha elifanelekileyo lokunika inkxaso kumasebe olawulo lweemeko ezingxamisekileyo zasezidolophini ukuze akhuphe abantu kwaye asebenzise izixhobo.
- Ulawulo Longcoliseko Lwendalo: Lubala inani lilonke lokugcwala kwamanzi ngexesha leziphepho, lubonelela ngedatha kwiiarhente zendalo ukuze zilandele imithombo yongcoliseko, zihlole umonakalo wendalo, kwaye zicwangcise iziseko zokucoca amanzi amdaka.
- Ukukhusela Imveliso Yemizi-mveliso: Inciphisa umngcipheko wokuvalwa kwefektri kunye nokumiswa kwemveliso ngenxa yokungena kwezikhukula.
II. Impembelelo Enkulu Kushishino Nezolimo lwaseBrazil
Ukusetyenziswa kwee-sensors ze-hydrological zaseTshayina iHonde kuzise utshintsho oluqhubekayo, oludlula ukutshintshwa kwesixhobo nje esilula:
1. Impembelelo kwezolimo: Ukuqhuba uLawulo oluchanekileyo lweMithombo yamanzi
- Ukusebenza kakuhle koNcedo lokuNcedisa: Kwenze ukuba kubekho ukutsiba ukusuka “ekunkcenkceshelweni okungxamisekileyo kwezikhukula” ukuya “ekunkcenkcesheni okuthontsizayo xa kuyimfuneko,” nto leyo eyanciphisa kakhulu uxinzelelo lwamanzi ezolimo kummandla osemantla-mpuma othanda ukuba nembalela, nto leyo eyakhusela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko lokutya kwesizwe kunye namandla okuthumela kwamanye amazwe.
- Iindleko Zokusebenza Kwezolimo Ezincitshisiweyo: Ukungalungi kakuhle kwezixhobo zokuhlola ezingasebenziyo kusindise iindleko ezinkulu kwiinkampani ezisebenzisanayo kunye neearhente zamanzi ekuhlolweni ngesandla nasekugcinweni kwezixhobo.
- Ukukhuthaza uLimo olunexabiso eliphezulu: Ukubonelela ngamanzi okuthembekileyo kwandisa ukuzithemba kwabatyali-mali, kukhuthaza ukulinywa kwezityalo ezinexabiso eliphezulu ezifana neediliya neziqhamo ezifuna ukunkcenkceshelwa ngokuchanekileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuphucula ulwakhiwo lwezolimo.
2. Impembelelo kwiShishini nakuMandla: Ukwenza kube lula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko
- Imveliso Ephezulu Yamandla Avuselelekayo: Ibonelele ngezakhono zokubeka esweni izityalo zombane ngamanzi, "intliziyo" yenkqubo yamandla yaseBrazil, iphucula ngokuthe ngqo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla acocekileyo kwaye idibanisa ubunkokeli behlabathi baseBrazil kumandla ombane ngamanzi.
- Ubonelelo lwaManzi oluQinisekisiweyo kwiMizi-mveliso: Lubonelele ngezisombululo zokujonga amanzi ezithembekileyo kunye nokujonga imithombo yamanzi kwimizi-mveliso esebenzisa amanzi amaninzi efana nemigodi, i-metallurgy, kunye nephepha, ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwemveliso kunye nozinzo.
- Ukuphucula Ukuqina Kweziseko Zophuhliso: Kuqinise amandla ezixeko kunye neendawo zoshishino okujongana neziganeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo, kukhusela iibhiliyoni zeerandi kwimpahla zoshishino kwizisongelo zezikhukula.
3. Impembelelo yeSicwangciso-qhinga Esibanzi
- Ulawulo lweDemokhrasi kwiTekhnoloji: Ukungeniswa kwetekhnoloji yaseTshayina kwaphula ubukhosi bexesha elide beempawu zaseYurophu naseMelika ekujongeni ngokuchanekileyo kwamanzi, okwenza itekhnoloji ekumgangatho wehlabathi ifikeleleke kumaziko aseBrazil kuwo onke amanqanaba ngexabiso elifanelekileyo, okukhawulezisa ukuphuculwa kwenethiwekhi yokubeka esweni yesizwe.
- Ukwenziwa Kwezigqibo Eziqhutywa Yidatha: Kwadalwa inethiwekhi "yokuphela kwemithambo-luvo yedijithali" egubungela amaziko amanzi abalulekileyo esizwe, ibonelela ngeenkcukacha zedatha ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili kunye nokuthembeka kwizicwangciso zemithombo yamanzi kwinqanaba likazwelonke kunye neeprojekthi zokudluliselwa kwamanzi phakathi kwezitya (njengokuhlengahlengiswa koMlambo iSão Francisco okucwangcisiweyo).
- Intsebenziswano yoBugcisa yaseSino-Brazil ekhuthazwayo: Izifundo ezinjalo eziphumeleleyo zakha ukuthembana kwentsebenziswano enzulu kwiinkalo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu (umz., ukugcinwa kwamanzi akrelekrele, i-IoT, amandla amatsha), okudlulela ngaphaya korhwebo olucocekileyo ukuya kwi-R&D edibeneyo yezisombululo zobugcisa.
Isiphelo
Ukungeniswa kwezinzwa zokujonga amanzi zeradar zaseTshayina iHonde yiBrazil ngumzekelo ongumzekelo "wokuhambelana kwemfuno yetekhnoloji." Ezi "mehlo aseTshayina," ezifakwe kwimilambo, kwimisele, nasemadamini, zikhusela imithombo yamanzi yaseBrazil ngokuthula ngeempawu zazo ezingadibaniyo, ezichanekileyo nezithembekileyo kakhulu. Aziboneleli nje kuphela ngeenzuzo zoqoqosho ezithe ngqo njengokonga amanzi, ukwanda kwesivuno sezolimo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemizi-mveliso kunye nokhuseleko kodwa zikwaqhuba utshintsho lwedijithali nolukrelekrele lolawulo lwemithombo yamanzi yaseBrazil kwinqanaba elinzulu. Oku kuphucula ukuqina kwesizwe kwimbalela kunye nezikhukula kwaye kubonelela ngesiseko sedatha esiqinileyo sophuhliso oluzinzileyo lwaseBrazil kunye nenzuzo yokukhuphisana kwiimarike zezolimo nezamandla zehlabathi. Oku kuthetha ukuba izixhobo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu "Ezenziwe Ngobuchule eTshayina" zidlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kwiziseko zophuhliso ezibalulekileyo zehlabathi.
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