Abstract
Njengelinye lawona mazwe ahambele phambili kwezoshishino e-Afrika, uMzantsi Afrika ujongene nomgangatho womoya onzima kunye nemingeni yokhuseleko evela kwimigodi, ukuvelisa, kunye nokufudukela ezidolophini. Itekhnoloji yesivamvo segesi, njengesixhobo sexesha lokwenyani nesichanekileyo, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumacandelo abalulekileyo eMzantsi Afrika. Olu pho nonongo lugxile ekusetyenzisweni kwezinzwa zegesi kukhuseleko lomgodi, ukubekwa esweni kongcoliseko lomoya ezidolophini, ulawulo lokukhutshwa kwamashishini, kunye namakhaya akrelekrele, ukuhlalutya impembelelo yawo ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko, ukuphuculwa kokusingqongileyo, kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho.
1. Iimeko zesicelo
Ubume boqoqosho obukhethekileyo boMzantsi Afrika kunye nokusingqongileyo kwezentlalo kubonelela ngeemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzisa izixhobo zegesi:
1. UkuJonga uKhuseleko eMgodini
- Imvelaphi: Ishishini lezemigodi yintsika yoqoqosho loMzantsi Afrika kodwa ikwalicandelo elisemngciphekweni omkhulu. Imisebenzi ephantsi komhlaba ithanda ukuqokelelwa kweegesi eziyityhefu nezinokutsha (umz., i-methane (CH₄), i-carbon monoxide (CO), i-hydrogen sulfide (H₂S)), ekhokelela ekufutheni, ukudubula, kunye neziganeko zetyhefu.
- Isicelo:
- Izikhangeli zegesi ezizinzileyo neziphathwayo zinyanzelekile kuyo yonke imigodi ephantsi komhlaba.
- Abasebenzi basezimayini banxiba iisensom zegesi ezininzi zobuqu ukujonga indawo ebangqongileyo ngexesha lokwenyani.
- I-Networked fixed sensors ifakwe kwiitonela eziphambili kunye nobuso obusebenzayo ukujonga ngokuqhubekayo i-CH₄ kunye ne-CO concentrations, ukuhambisa idatha ngexesha langempela kumaziko okulawula umphezulu.
- Iintlobo ze-Sensor ezisetyenzisiweyo: Ukutsha kwe-Catalytic (iigesi ezinokutsha), i-electrochemical (iigesi ezinobuthi), i-infrared sensors (CH₄, CO₂).
2. UkuJonga uMgangatho woMoya weDolophu
- Imvelaphi: Izixeko ezikhulu ezifana neRhawuti nePitoli, kunye neendawo ezixineneyo zemizi-mveliso ezifana ne “Carbon Valley” kwiPhondo laseMpumalanga, zithwaxwa kukungcoliseka komoya ixesha elide. Izingcolisi eziphambili ziquka i-sulphur dioxide (SO₂), i-nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), i-ozone (O₃), kunye ne-particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10).
- Isicelo:
- Uthungelwano lukaRhulumente: Urhulumente woMzantsi Afrika useke uthungelwano lwesizwe lokuhlola umgangatho womoya oluquka izikhululo zokuhlola ezisisigxina kwizixeko ezininzi. Ezi zikhululo zixhotyiswe ngezinzwa zerhasi ezichanekileyo kunye ne-particulate matter sensors zokuhlola ukuthotyelwa kunye nezilumkiso zempilo yoluntu.
- Ukubeka iliso kwiNqanaba loLuntu: Kwizixeko ezifana neKapa neThekwini, imibutho yasekuhlaleni sele iqalisile ukuhambisa iindawo ezinexabiso eliphantsi, eziphathwayo zokuvala irhasi ukuvala izikhewu kuthungelwano lokubeka iliso olusemthethweni kunye nokufumana iinkcukacha zongcoliseko olukwinqanaba loluntu.
- Iindidi ze-Sensor ezisetyenzisiweyo: Izinzwa ze-Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS), i-electrochemical sensors, i-optical (i-laser scattering) i-particulate matter sensors.
3. Ukukhutshwa kweShishini kunye noLawulo lweNkqubo
- Imvelaphi: UMzantsi Afrika ubamba amaziko amakhulu ombane ashushu, iindawo zokucokisa, amaziko eekhemikhali, kunye nezixhobo zesinyithi, eziyeyona mithombo iphambili yokukhupha umoya ophuma kwimizi-mveliso.
- Isicelo:
- IiNkqubo eziqhubekayo zokuHlola i-Emission Monitoring (CEMS): Ukugunyazwa ngokusemthethweni, iifektri ezinkulu zifakela i-CEMS kwi-smokestacks, ukudibanisa uluhlu lwezinzwa zegesi ngokuqhubekayo ukubeka iliso ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezingcolileyo ezifana ne-SO₂, NOx, CO, kunye ne-CO₂, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokukhutshwa kwelizwe.
- Inkqubo yoKhuseleko kunye nokuPhuculwa: Kwiinkqubo zeekhemikhali kunye nokucoca, iinzwa zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuvuza kweegesi ezinokutsha kunye netyhefu kwimibhobho kunye neetanki zokuphendula, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezixhobo. Bakwalungiselela iinkqubo zokutsha, baphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha, kwaye banciphise ukuveliswa kwerhasi eyinkunkuma.
- Iintlobo ze-Sensor ezisetyenzisiweyo: I-Ultraviolet / i-infrared spectroscopy (ye-CEMS), i-catalytic combustion kunye ne-electrochemical sensors (ukufumanisa ukuvuza).
4. UKhuseleko lweNdawo yokuHlala noRhwebo (Amakhaya aSmart)
- Imvelaphi: Kwiindawo zasezidolophini, i-liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sisibaso esiqhelekileyo sokupheka, kwaye ukusetyenziswa ngendlela engafanelekanga kunokukhokelela ekuvuzeni nasekuqhumeni. Ukongeza, i-CO eveliswa ngumlilo "ngumbulali" othuleyo.
- Isicelo:
- Inani elandayo lamakhaya akudidi oluphakathi kunye neendawo zorhwebo (umz., iindawo zokutyela, iihotele) zifakela iialam zegesi ezilumkileyo kunye neealam zecarbon monoxide.
- Ezi zixhobo zihlala zine-oxide yentsimbi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi (MOS) okanye izinzwa ze-electrochemical. Ukuba ugxininiso lwe-LPG okanye lwe-CO ludlula amanqanaba akhuselekileyo, ngoko nangoko lubangela ii-alam ze-high-decibel audio-visual alarms. Ezinye iimveliso eziphambili zinokuthumela izaziso zokutyhala kwiifowuni zabasebenzisi nge-Wi-Fi kwizilumkiso ezikude.
- Iintlobo ze-Sensor ezisetyenzisiweyo: I-Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) inzwa (ye-LPG), i-electrochemical sensors (ye-CO).
2. Ukusebenza kwesicelo
Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezinzwa zegesi kuzise izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi eMzantsi Afrika:
1. UKhuseleko loMsebenzi oLomeleziwe kakhulu
- Ukusebenza kakuhle: Kwicandelo lezemigodi, izinzwa zegesi ziye zaba bubuchwepheshe obusindisa ubomi. Ukujongwa kwexesha lokwenyani kunye nezilumkiso zakwangoko kuye kwanciphisa kakhulu izehlo zokuqhuma kwerhasi enokutsha kunye neziganeko zetyhefu enkulu emigodini. Xa ubuninzi begesi busondela kwimiba eyingozi, iinkqubo ngokuzenzekelayo zivula izixhobo zokungenisa umoya okanye zikhuphe imiyalelo yokuphuma, ukubonelela abasebenzi basezimayini ixesha elibalulekileyo lokuphuma.
2. INkxaso yeeNkcukacha zoLawulo lokuSingqongileyo
- Ukusebenza kakuhle: Uthungelwano lwelizwe lonke lwezinzwa zomgangatho womoya luvelisa izixa ezikhulu zedatha eqhubekayo yokusingqongileyo. Olu lwazi lusebenza njengesiseko senzululwazi kurhulumente ukuba aqulunqe kwaye avavanye imigaqo-nkqubo yokulawula ukungcoliseka komoya (umz., imigangatho yokukhupha). Ngaxeshanye, ukupapashwa kwexesha langempela kwi-Index ye-Air Quality Index (AQI) inceda amaqela asengozini (umzekelo, izigulane ze-asthma) ukuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela kwiintsuku ezingcolileyo, ukukhusela impilo yoluntu.
3. Ukuququzelela ukuThotyelwa kweNkampani kunye noKusebenza kakuhle kweendleko
- Ukusebenza kakuhle: Kumashishini amashishini, ukufaka iisistim zokubeka iliso eziphumayo kuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni, ukuphepha izohlwayo ezinzima zokungathobeli. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwezinzwa kulawulo lwenkqubo kwandisa ukuhamba komsebenzi, kunciphisa inkunkuma yezinto ezikrwada, kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukusika ngokuthe ngqo iindleko zokusebenza.
4. UKwandiswa koKwazisa koLuntu kunye nokuThatha iNxaxheba koLuntu
- Ukusebenza kakuhle: Ukuvela kwee-sensor zoluntu eziphantsi kwexabiso eliphantsi kwenza ukuba abahlali babe 直观地了解 (intuitively baqonde) amanqanaba ongcoliseko kwindawo yabo esondeleyo, ukunciphisa ukuthembela kuphela kwidatha karhulumente. Oku kuphakamisa ulwazi loluntu ngokusingqongileyo kwaye kuxhobise uluntu ukuba lucinezele urhulumente kunye namashishini angcolisa indalo asekelwe kubungqina, ukukhuthaza ubulungisa bendalo esingqongileyo kunye nokunceda uluntu ukuba lubeke iliso ukuya phezulu.
5. Ukukhuselwa koBomi kunye nePropati eMakhaya
- Ukusebenza kakuhle: Ukunyuswa kweenzwa zegesi / i-CO yasekhaya kuthintela ngokufanelekileyo umlilo wekhaya kunye nokuqhuma okubangelwa ukuvuza kwegesi, kunye neentlekele ze-CO ezinobuthi ngexesha lokufudumala kwebusika, ukubonelela abahlali basezidolophini ngomgca wokugqibela wokukhusela.
3. Imingeni kunye nekamva
Nangona kukho impumelelo ephawulekayo, imingeni isahleli ekukhuthazeni ubuchwephesha bokuva igesi eMzantsi Afrika:
- Iindleko kunye noLondolozo: Ukuthengwa, ukufakwa, kunye nokulungelelaniswa okuthe gqolo kwezinzwa ezichanekileyo kubandakanya iindleko ezibalulekileyo eziqhubekayo kurhulumente nakumashishini.
- Ukuchaneka kwedatha: Izinzwa zexabiso eliphantsi zichaphazeleka kwizinto ezisingqongileyo ezifana nobushushu kunye nokufuma, ngamanye amaxesha ziphakamisa imibuzo malunga nokuchaneka kwedatha. Kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokubambisana neendlela zemveli zokubeka iliso.
- Izikhewu kwezobuGcisa: Iindawo ezikude zasemaphandleni ziyasokola ukufikelela kuthungelwano lokubeka iliso oluthembekileyo.
Xa sijonge phambili, ukuqhubela phambili kwi-Intanethi yeZinto (i-IoT), ubukrelekrele bokufakelwa (i-AI), kunye nethekhinoloji yesivamvo iya kuqhuba uthungelwano lokuhlola irhasi yaseMzantsi Afrika ukuya kubukrelekrele, ukuxinana, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Iinzwa ziya kudityaniswa needrones kunye nesathelayithi iremote sensing ukwenza uthungelwano lokubek' iliso oludityanisiweyo "lwesibhakabhaka-phantsi". Umgaqo-nkqubo we-AI uya kunceda ukulandeleka okuthe ngqo kwemithombo yongcoliseko kunye nezilumkiso eziqikelelwayo, ukubonelela ngenkxaso eyomeleleyo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo loMzantsi Afrika kunye nokhuseleko kunye nempilo entle yabantu bawo.
Ukuqukumbela
Ngokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kobuchwepheshe bokuva igesi, uMzantsi Afrika uzuze iziphumo ezimangalisayo kukhuseleko lwasemigodini, ukubeka iliso kokusingqongileyo, ukuthotyelwa kwemizi-mveliso, kunye nokhuseleko lwamakhaya. Ezi “mpumlo ze-elektroniki” azisebenzi nje njengabalindi abakhusela ubomi kodwa zikwasebenza njengezixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokukhuthaza ulawulo lokusingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso lohlaza. Iinkqubo zoMzantsi Afrika zibonelela ngomzekelo oxabisekileyo kwamanye amazwe asaphuhlayo afuna ukuphakamisa ukuvela kwezinto zobuchwepheshe ukujongana nemingeni yakudala.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-27-2025