Isishwankathelo
Njengelinye lamazwe aphuhlileyo eAfrika, uMzantsi Afrika ujongene nemingeni enzima yomgangatho womoya kunye nokhuseleko oluvela kwimigodi, ukwenziwa kwemveliso, kunye nokukhula kwezixeko. Itekhnoloji ye-gas sensor, njengesixhobo sokujonga ngexesha langempela nesichanekileyo, isetyenziswa kakhulu kumacandelo aliqela abalulekileyo eMzantsi Afrika. Olu phononongo lugxile ekusetyenzisweni kwe-gas sensors kukhuseleko lwemigodi, ukujonga ungcoliseko lomoya ezidolophini, ulawulo lokukhutshwa komoya kwimizi-mveliso, kunye namakhaya akrelekrele, kuhlalutywa impembelelo yazo ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko, ukuphuculwa kokusingqongileyo, kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho.
1. Imizekelo yesicelo
Ulwakhiwo olukhethekileyo loqoqosho lwaseMzantsi Afrika kunye nemeko-bume yoluntu zibonelela ngeemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zegesi:
1. UkuJonga uKhuseleko lweMigodi
- Imvelaphi: Ishishini lezemigodi liyintsika yoqoqosho lwaseMzantsi Afrika kodwa likwalicandelo elinomngcipheko ophezulu. Imisebenzi engaphantsi komhlaba idla ngokuqokelelwa kweegesi ezinobuthi nezitshayo (umz., i-methane (CH₄), i-carbon monoxide (CO2), i-hydrogen sulfide (H₂S)), nto leyo ekhokelela ekumitheni, ekuqhumeni, nakwiziganeko zokutyhefa.
- Isicelo:
- Izixhobo zokubona igesi ezizinzileyo neziphathekayo ziyimfuneko kuzo zonke iimigodi ezingaphantsi komhlaba.
- Abavukuzi banxiba izixhobo zabo zokuvavanya igesi ezininzi ukuze bajonge indawo abakuyo ngexesha langempela.
- Iisensa ezizinzileyo ezidityanisiweyo zifakelwe kwiitonela eziphambili nakwiindawo ezisebenzayo ukuze zihlale zijonga uxinano lwe-CH₄ kunye ne-CO2, zithumela idatha ngexesha langempela kumaziko olawulo lomphezulu.
- Iintlobo zeeSensor ezisetyenzisiweyo: Ukutsha kweCatalytic (iigesi ezitshayo), i-electrochemical (iigesi ezinetyhefu), iiSensors ze-infrared (CH₄, CO₂).
2. Ukubeka iliso kuMgangatho woMoya wasezidolophini
- Imvelaphi: Izixeko ezinkulu ezifana neGoli nePitoli, kunye neendawo zoshishino ezixineneyo ezifana ne-“Carbon Valley” kwiPhondo laseMpumalanga, zichaphazeleka kungcoliseko lomoya ixesha elide. Izinto ezingcolisayo eziphambili ziquka i-sulfur dioxide (SO₂), i-nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), i-ozone (O₃), kunye ne-particle matter (PM2.5, PM10).
- Isicelo:
- IiNethiwekhi zikaRhulumente: Urhulumente waseMzantsi Afrika useke inethiwekhi yesizwe yokujonga umgangatho womoya equka izikhululo zokujonga ezizinzileyo kwizixeko ezininzi. Ezi zikhululo zixhotyiswe ngee-sensors zegesi ezichanekileyo kunye nee-particle matter sensors zokujonga ukuthobela imithetho kunye nezilumkiso zempilo yoluntu.
- Ukubeka Iliso Kwinqanaba Loluntu: Kwizixeko ezifana neKapa neTheku, imibutho yoluntu iqalile ukusebenzisa ii-node ze-gesi eziphathwayo nezingabizi kakhulu ukuze kuvalwe izikhewu kwinethiwekhi esemthethweni yokubeka iliso kunye nokufumana idatha yongcoliseko olupheleleyo kwinqanaba loluntu.
- Iintlobo zeeSensor ezisetyenzisiweyo: IiSensors zeMetal oxide semiconductor (MOS), iiSensors ze-electrochemical, iiSensors ze-particle matter ze-optical (laser scattering).
3. Ukukhutshwa komoya kwimizi-mveliso kunye nolawulo lweenkqubo
- Imvelaphi: UMzantsi Afrika unezikhululo ezinkulu zamandla obushushu, iindawo zokucocisa, izityalo zeekhemikhali, kunye nezakhiwo zesinyithi, eziyimithombo ephambili yokukhutshwa komoya ophuma kwimizi-mveliso.
- Isicelo:
- IiNkqubo zokuJonga ukuKhutshwa koMsi oQhubekekayo (CEMS): Ngokugunyaziswa ngumthetho, iifektri ezinkulu zifaka i-CEMS kwii-smokestacks, zidibanisa uluhlu lwee-sensors zegesi ukuze zihlale zijonga ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo ezifana ne-SO₂, i-NOx, i-CO₂, kunye ne-CO₂, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yesizwe yokukhutshwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo.
- Ukhuseleko lweNkqubo kunye nokuLungisa: Kwiinkqubo zeekhemikhali nezokucoca, ii-sensors zisetyenziselwa ukubona ukuvuza kweegesi ezivuthayo nezinobuthi kwimibhobho nakwiitanki zokusabela, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezixhobo. Zikwaphucula iinkqubo zokutsha, ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwepetroli, kwaye zinciphisa ukuveliswa kwegesi emdaka.
- Iintlobo zeeSensor ezisetyenzisiweyo: I-Ultraviolet/infrared spectroscopy (ye-CEMS), i-catalytic combustion kunye nee-electrochemical sensors (zokufumanisa ukuvuza).
4. Ukhuseleko lwezindlu kunye norhwebo (Amakhaya ahlakaniphileyo)
- Imvelaphi: Kwiindawo zasezidolophini, igesi yepetroleum enyibilikisiweyo (LPG) yindlela eqhelekileyo yokupheka, kwaye ukusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kunokukhokelela ekuvuzeni nasekuqhumeni. Ukongeza, i-CO eveliswa yimililo "ingumbulali" othuleyo.
- Isicelo:
- Inani elikhulayo leentsapho ezikumgangatho ophakathi kunye neendawo zorhwebo (umz., iindawo zokutyela, iihotele) zifakela ii-alamu zegesi ezikrelekrele kunye nee-alamu ze-carbon monoxide.
- Ezi zixhobo zihlala zine-metal oxide (MOS) eyakhelwe ngaphakathi okanye ii-electrochemical sensors. Ukuba ubuninzi be-LPG okanye be-CO budlula amanqanaba akhuselekileyo, ngoko nangoko zibangela ii-alamu zesandi-neziboniso ezibonisa isandi eziphezulu. Ezinye iimveliso eziphambili zinokuthumela izaziso ezityhalwayo kwiifowuni zabasebenzisi nge-Wi-Fi ukuze zifumane izilumkiso ezikude.
- Iintlobo zeeSensor ezisetyenzisiweyo: IiSensors zeMetal oxide semiconductor (MOS) (zeLPG), iiSensors ze-electrochemical (zeCO2).
2. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwesicelo
Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezinzwa zegesi kuye kwazisa iingenelo ezibalulekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi eMzantsi Afrika:
1. Ukhuseleko Oluphuculwe Kakhulu Kwindawo Yokusebenza
- Ukusebenza kakuhle: Kwicandelo lezemigodi, izixhobo zokuvavanya igesi ziye zaba yiteknoloji esindisa ubomi. Ukubeka esweni ngexesha langempela kunye nezilumkiso kwangethuba kuye kunciphisa kakhulu ukuvela kokuqhuma kwegesi evuthayo kunye neziganeko zokutyhefa ngobuninzi emigodini. Xa ubuninzi begesi busondela kwimida eyingozi, iinkqubo zivula ngokuzenzekelayo izixhobo zokungenisa umoya okanye zikhuphe imiyalelo yokufuduka, zibonelela abasebenzi basemigodini ngexesha elibalulekileyo lokubaleka.
2. Inkxaso yeDatha yoLawulo lweNdalo
- Ukusebenza kakuhle: Inethiwekhi yesizwe yezinzwa zomgangatho womoya ivelisa idatha eninzi eqhubekayo yokusingqongileyo. Le datha isebenza njengesiseko sesayensi sokuba urhulumente enze kwaye avavanye imigaqo-nkqubo yokulawula ungcoliseko lomoya (umz., imigangatho yokukhupha ukungcola). Kwangaxeshanye, ukupapashwa kwangoko kwe-Air Quality Index (AQI) kunceda amaqela asengozini (umz., izigulana ze-asthma) ukuba athathe amanyathelo okuzikhusela kwiintsuku ezingcolisiweyo, ukukhusela impilo yoluntu.
3. Ukuququzelela ukuThotyelwa kweMithetho yeNkampani kunye nokuSebenza kakuhle kweendleko
- Ukusebenza kakuhle: Kumashishini emizi-mveliso, ukufaka iinkqubo zokubeka esweni ukukhutshwa komoya kuqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza kusemthethweni, kuthintelwe iindleko ezinkulu zokungathobeli imithetho. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwezinzwa kulawulo lwenkqubo kuphucula ukusebenza komsebenzi, kunciphisa inkunkuma yezinto eziluhlaza, kwaye kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo iindleko zokusebenza.
4. Ulwamkelo oluphuculweyo loLuntu kunye nokuThatha inxaxheba koLuntu
- Ukusebenza kakuhle: Ukuvela kwezinzwa zoluntu ezingabizi kakhulu kwenza abemi bakwazi ukuqonda (ngokuyiyo) amanqanaba ongcoliseko kwindawo abakuyo, nto leyo enciphisa ukuxhomekeka kuphela kwidatha karhulumente. Oku kuphakamisa ulwazi loluntu ngokusingqongileyo kwaye kunika uluntu amandla okucinezela urhulumente kunye namashishini angcolisayo ngokusekelwe kubungqina, ukukhuthaza ubulungisa bokusingqongileyo kunye nokuvumela ukuba kubekho ulwalathiso oluvela ezantsi ukuya phezulu.
5. Ukukhuselwa koBomi kunye nePropati eMakhaya
- Ukusebenza kakuhle: Ukwanda kwezixhobo zokuvavanya igesi/CO zasekhaya kuthintela ngempumelelo imililo yasekhaya kunye nokuqhuma okubangelwa kukuvuza kwegesi, kunye neentlekele zokutyhefa iCO ngexesha lokufudumeza ebusika, okubonelela abemi basezidolophini ngomgca wokugqibela wokuzikhusela.
3. Imingeni kunye nekamva
Nangona kukho impumelelo ebonakalayo, imingeni isekhona ekukhuthazeni ubuchwepheshe bezixhobo zokuva igesi eMzantsi Afrika:
- Iindleko kunye noLondolozo: Ukuthengwa, ukufakwa, kunye nokulinganiswa rhoqo kwezinzwa ezichanekileyo kuthetha iindleko ezinkulu eziqhubekayo kurhulumente nakumashishini.
- Ukuchaneka kweDatha: Izinzwa ezingabizi kakhulu zichaphazeleka ziimeko zokusingqongileyo ezifana nobushushu kunye nokufuma, ngamanye amaxesha kuphakamisa imibuzo malunga nokuchaneka kwedatha. Kufuneka zisetyenziswe kunye neendlela zemveli zokubeka esweni.
- Izikhewu zobuchwepheshe: Iindawo zasemaphandleni ezikude ziyasokola ukufikelela kuthungelwano lokubeka esweni oluthembekileyo.
Ukujonga phambili, inkqubela phambili kwi-Intanethi yezinto (IoT), ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa (AI), kunye netekhnoloji yezivamvo ziya kuqhuba inethiwekhi yokujonga igesi yaseMzantsi Afrika ukuya kubukrelekrele obukhulu, uxinano, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Iizivamvo ziya kudibana needrones kunye ne-satellite remote sensing ukwenza inethiwekhi yokujonga "isibhakabhaka-umhlaba" edibeneyo. Ii-algorithms ze-AI ziya kuvumela ukulandeleka ngokuchanekileyo kwemithombo yongcoliseko kunye nezilumkiso zokuqikelela, zibonelela ngenkxaso enamandla kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwaseMzantsi Afrika kunye nokhuseleko kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwabantu balo.
Isiphelo
Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-gesi sensor, uMzantsi Afrika ufumene iziphumo ezimangalisayo kukhuseleko lwemigodi, ukujonga okusingqongileyo, ukuthobela imithetho yemizi-mveliso, kunye nokukhusela amakhaya. Ezi "mpumlo ze-elektroniki" azisebenzi nje kuphela njengabalindi abakhusela ubomi kodwa zikwasebenza njengezixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokukhuthaza ulawulo lokusingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso oluluhlaza. Iindlela zoMzantsi Afrika zibonelela ngemodeli exabisekileyo kwamanye amazwe asaphuhlayo afuna ukusebenzisa ubuchule bobuchwepheshe ukujongana nemingeni yendabuko.
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Ixesha leposi: Agasti-27-2025